环卫工人上呼吸道疾病和免疫水平的监测

调查环卫工人的健康状况,发现环卫工人上呼吸道慢性疾病的患病率和阳性体征的升高与职业因素有关。唾液溶菌酶、SIgA含量观察组均明显低于对照组人群,两者有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。研究结果表明:环卫作业环境对环卫工人的健康已带来一定的影响,其主要表现为机体免疫功能降低,慢性疾病发病率增高。作者提出了改善工作环境,加强个人卫生防护的措施和建议。     

乐清市柳市区297位环卫工人健康体检结果分析

目的了解乐清市柳市区环卫工人的身体健康状况,为改善环卫工人生存状况和社会保障提供依据。方法对2012年乐清市柳市区297名在职环卫职工(环卫组)的健康体检结果进行分析,同时选择在同一医院、同一天与环卫工人体检时间最接近时点体检的年龄最接近的同性别非环卫职工297名的体检资料作为对照。对两组职工体检结果进行统计学分析。结果环卫工人的翼状翳肉、高血压、血脂异常、高血糖、心电图异常、超重发生率及乙肝病毒抗原(HBsAg)检出率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。男性环卫职工翼状翳肉、血脂异常、心电图异常率、高血压、高血糖检出率及HBsAg携带率显著高于对照组男性(P0.05);女性环卫职工高血压、甲状腺结节、心电图异常、超重检出率显著高于对照组女性(P0.05)。环卫职工两性别之间比较,女性尿白细胞和血细胞异常检出率显著高于男性(P0.05),而男性环卫职工眼结膜充血、翼状翳肉、血脂异常、高血压、高血糖、肝酶升高发生率、HBsAg携带率明显高于女性职工(P0.05)。结论与普通人群比较,环卫工人翼状翳肉、高血压、高血糖、血脂异常、心电图异常、超重发生率及HBsAg检出率均显著升高,对环卫工人进行健康教育,改善他们的生活及工作条件极其必要。     

某市环卫工人肺功能的追踪分析

目的 了解垃圾粉尘对环卫工人肺通气功能的影响。方法 对某市环卫工人及教师男女各３０名进行１０年前后的调查,并进行常规与肺功能检测;结果利用自身对照ｔ检验及相关回归方法分析。结果 与教师相比 ,环卫工人１０年后肺功能各指标（包括实测值与实测值占预计值百分比）明显下降,且男性较女性更明显,相关回归显示环卫工人肺功能与工龄成负相关。结论 环卫清扫粉尘对作业工人肺功能存在较大影响,提示应加强对环卫工人劳动     

三言两语32则

<正>高宝兰陕西长武县妇计中心联合县妇联、县住建局开展“情暖母亲节,关爱送健康”活动,为百余名环卫工人进行宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查,表达对环卫工人的敬意与关爱,提高环卫工人的防病、治病意识。张海峰安徽宿州市灵璧县印发《新冠肺炎集中隔离点中医药预防工作方案》,关口前移,落实中医药及早介入原则,针对集中隔离的重点人群,第一时间进行中医药预防干预,充分发挥中医药特色作用。     

广东省人群多重耐药金葡菌的携带及耐药性分析

目的 调查广东省部分人群(动物从业人员和一般人群)的多重耐药金葡菌(multidrug-resistant S.aureus,MDRSA)携带情况,并分析菌株的耐药性.方法 对研究对象进行问卷调查和鼻拭子采样,对金葡菌进行药敏试验,分析方法采用x2检验.结果 动物从业人员中金葡菌、MDRSA、甲氧西林耐药金葡菌(methicillin-resistantS.aureus,MRSA)的携带率均高于对照人群(分别为13.3％ vs9.3％;9.5％ vs 3.4％;7.0％ vs 1.4％;均有P＜0.01).金葡菌对青霉素、克林霉素、四环素和红霉素的耐药率较高,MDRSA主要耐药模式是同时对克林霉素、红霉素、四环素耐药.除了青霉素外,动物从业人员金葡菌对各类抗生素的耐药率均高于对照人群;MRSA菌株对各类抗生素的耐药率均高于甲氧西林敏感金葡菌.结论 本研究提示职业性动物接触可能导致从业人员感染耐药细菌.     

硒蛋白P与布鲁菌感染的关联性

目的:从基因和蛋白水平探讨硒蛋白P（selenoprotein P,Sepp1）与布鲁菌感染的关联性。方法:采用病例-对照研究方法,选择2019年6 - 9月在包头市九原区和白云鄂博矿区疾病预防控制中心就诊的32例慢性期布鲁菌病（简称布病）患者作为布病组,同时在当地选取30例与布病组有相同流行病学环境的健康人群作为对照...     

苯扎溴铵复方消毒剂与热力协同杀菌效果检测

苯扎溴铵 (新洁尔灭 )复方消毒剂为 0 .2 %苯扎溴铵溶液中加有碳酸钠 (ｐＨ值为 9) ,应用时再加 0 .5 %亚硝酸钠防锈。对其加热不同温度的杀菌效果进行了试验观察。现将结果报告如下。1　方法1 1　中和剂选择试验　试验菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(ＡＴＣＣ2 5 92 3)。试验分组为 :①消毒剂 菌悬液 ;② (消毒剂 菌悬液 ) 中和剂 ;③中和剂 菌悬液 ;④ (消毒剂 中和剂 ) 菌悬液 ;⑤正常菌对照 ;⑥未接种菌的培养基对照。试验结果 ,当第 6组不长菌 ,第 3、4、5组组间菌数相差≤ 10 % ,第一组不长菌或长菌数远低于第 2组 ,第 2组长菌数超过 10 0ｃ…     

环卫工人作业环境的卫生学调查

本文报导了环卫工人作业环境中有害物的污染水平。结果指出,每个居民区的垃圾成分是不同的。每个居民区空气中的可吸入尘浓度、丁酸浓度(臭味物质)和细菌数分别高于对照组(P<0.01)。在工人操作地点,还存在着30种产生臭味的物质,这些物质都提示环卫工人的作业环境存在着严重的污染。     

96名环卫工人肺通气功能测定分析

选取96名环卫工人,按性别、是否吸烟分为4组,同时选取该地区健康人群为对照组。在环卫工人组中,肺功能FVC、FEV_(1.0)、PEF_(50%)、PEF_(75%)、MMEF指标异常率与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。吸烟者中,PEF_(50%)、PEF_(75%)、MMEF的异常率显著高于非吸烟者(P0.05)。表明环卫工作和吸烟可造成工人小气道损伤。     

某金矿环境中锑污染对人群健康影响的调查

对某金矿环境调查表明:污染区大气、土壤、水、食物中锑浓度明显高于对照区;人体生物材料除尿锑无显著差异外,发、甲、血锑含量均高于对照区,两者比较均有非常显著性差异;人群中皮肤、粘膜,呼吸系统疾患发病率亦明显高于对照区;WBC、Pt、Hb减少尤以污染区为甚,明显高于对照区。     

Nose disease caused by occupational exposure to chromium in the electroplating industry: cytomorphological aspects

Twenty-six workers were studied (9 chrome-platers exposed to chromium dioxide and 17 workers exposed to metallic chromium dust) in order to investigate the macroscopic and cytological changes of the nasal mucosa due to exposure to water-soluble hexavalent chromium or to metallic chromium dust in the electroplating industry and the role of different valencies in the onset of nasal disease. Experimental and epidemiological data have shown that hexavalent chromium, which has strong oxidative power, induces more noticeable toxic effects on tissues and mucous membranes than other compounds. The correlation between the degree of local toxic effects and the chemical state of chromium was demonstrated in both the macro- and the microscopic investigations and in particular in the cytological examinations: cases of atypia were found only in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium. Evidence of atypia raises the question of whether hexavalent chromium may act as a carcinogenic agent on the rhinosinusal mucosa. For this reason, the introduction of cytological nasal examination in health surveillance programmes for this category of workers acquires considerable importance. Sample collection from the nasal mucosa by brushing is the method of choice since it is simple, non-invasive and gives good diagnostic results.     

A clinical survey of paraquat formulation workers.

A group of 18 male Caucasian workers from the United Kingdom and a further group of 18 male mixed race (mainly Malay) workers from Malaysia employed in the formulation of paraquat-based herbicides were examined for evidence of chronic ill health after long-term exposure to paraquat. Clinical records were examined, medical and occupational histories were obtained and a clinical examination, particularly of the skin, was undertaken. Skin rashes, nail damage and epistaxes were encountered by most workers as a result of direct contact of skin and mucous membranes with paraquat. These conditions subsided rapidly and no worker reported any sequelae. There was no clinical evidence of long-term effects on skin, mucous membranes or general health following exposure to paraquat over several years in these workers.     

A clinical survey of paraquat formulation workers.

A group of 18 male Caucasian workers from the United Kingdom and a further group of 18 male mixed race (mainly Malay) workers from Malaysia employed in the formulation of paraquat-based herbicides were examined for evidence of chronic ill health after long-term exposure to paraquat. Clinical records were examined, medical and occupational histories were obtained and a clinical examination, particularly of the skin, was undertaken. Skin rashes, nail damage and epistaxes were encountered by most workers as a result of direct contact of skin and mucous membranes with paraquat. These conditions subsided rapidly and no worker reported any sequelae. There was no clinical evidence of long-term effects on skin, mucous membranes or general health following exposure to paraquat over several years in these workers.     

2010—2012年江苏某市铬接触作业环境铬浓度与工人鼻检查异常调查

[目的]了解江苏省张家港市镀铬企业生产环境状况和铬接触作业工人鼻黏膜损伤情况,提出监督管理措施。[方法]通过抽样调查和对调查对象的工作场所空气中铬浓度检测、作业人员职业健康检查,比较、分析接触条件下的损害有无剂量-效应关系。[结果]在车间环境铬检测浓度符合国家职业卫生标准,甚至低于检测限（0.01 mg/m3）的情况下,仍然有部分镀铬操作工人发生鼻部病变,鼻检查异常率为13.11%。[结论]现有铬及其化合物的采样、检测、评价标准已经不能完全匹配当前保护操作工人的健康需求,有必要对现有标准进行探讨研究。     

环卫工人的健康状况调查

本文调查了环卫工人的健康状况,发现环卫工人的手和工作服受到细菌的严重污染,环卫工人的鼻咽部含有大量致病菌,慢性疾病的患病率较高,中年龄组工人死亡率明显高于对照组居民。最后提出加强个人卫生是提高健康水平的可行措施之一。     

Early signs of the effect of complex occupational factors of plasma technology on the workers' health status]

The article reports the results of health-related studies among workers engaged in plasma technology processes. It was found that the earliest indicators of health changes in the workers revealed themselves in the vegetative nervous system and vestibulocochlear function combined with subatrophic++ changes in the respiratory mucous membranes.     

Acetic aldehyde and formaldehyde in cutting fluids and their relation to irritant symptoms

The objective was to study the formation of acetic aldehyde in cutting fluids and its relation to irritation of mucous membranes and the skin. Acetic aldehyde and formaldehyde were analysed in two large cutting fluid systems in an engineering industry. Samples were taken 1–5 times a week during a year. Concentration of the cutting fluid, leakage oils, pH, bacteria, yeast and fungi were analysed weekly. The occurrence of mucous membrane irritation was registered through questionnaires to the exposed workers. About 50 persons were exposed to each of the cutting fluids.The concentration of the aldehydes varied with time and between the cutting fluids. None of the analysed parameters could explain the variable concentration of aldehydes. Mucous membrane irritation was much more common in one of the systems, e.g. the prevalence of irritation in the nose was about 30–40% in workers exposed to a cutting fluid, while the corresponding prevalence was less than 10% in workers exposed to another fluid. The occurrence of symptoms was slightly associated with the concentration of aldehydes and pH of the fluid varied more in the fluid that caused most symptoms. A few measurements of ammonia indicated a higher concentration of ammonia in the fluid that caused most symptoms.It is concluded that irritation of mucous membranes and the skin may vary considerably between different cutting fluids of similar composition and use but the causal factor could not be determined in this study, but a variable pH and an increased concentration of ammonia may be indicators in this context. The concentration of acetic aldehyde vary with time and between cutting fluids with similar composition. A high variability may be an indicator of less stable cutting fluids. Better markers for the surveillance-of cutting fluids needs to be developed as well as a health control programme.     

Rhinolaryngological functional diagnosis in exposure to irritants

2,601 workers with exposure to irritant noxae received a standard occupational rhinolaryngeal check up supplemented with higher specialized methods. The measurements of mucociliary clearance, the screening--olfacto-/gustometry, the cytological investigations of the nasal mucous membranes with the smear technique, and the sonography of paranasal sinuses, too, were qualified for occupational practice. The significance of leading symptoms and the unity of upper and lower respiratory tract are to emphasize.     

电镀业职业性皮肤、鼻、咽部病变的调查——附上海两家电镀厂的调查和随访

本文报告1980年上海两家电镀厂261名职工职业性皮肤及鼻、咽部损害发病情况及1986年对其中104名随访结果。皮肤反应方面以接触皮炎最多见。通过随访以认识 一些发展规律，并藉皮肤斑试以探讨皮炎发生的因素和致敏特点。鼻、咽部经随访有增多趋势，而鼻中隔粘膜糜料往往导致鼻中隔穿孔，应予重视。结合实际提出初步防治建议。