断指再植术后发生血管危象的因素及处理

目的探讨断指再植术后导致患者发生血管危象因素及处理。方法对73例(96指)断指再植患者资料进行回顾性分析。结果 73例(96指)中,一次性成活63例(82指),术后发生血管危象10例(14指),经二次探查存活6指,小切口侧切放血处理后成活1指。存活的89指经随访12~28个月,再植手指外形、功能、感觉均恢复良好。结论断指再植术后发生血管危象原因复杂,术中血管吻合是关键,预防血管危象发生及血管危象发生后的积极正确处理,可提高断指再植成活率。     

断指再植术后血液循环对比卡的制作与应用

目的探索早期发现断指再植患者术后血管危象征兆的有效方法。方法自制断指再植术后血液循环对比卡,用于69例74指再植手术指端的血液循环皮肤颜色和组织张力的观察。结果及时正确判断4例5指血管危象,经处理后肢体恢复血液循环,再植指成活。结论血液循环对比卡的应用,有利于提高断指再植术后血管危象判断准确率和缩短判断时间,及早正确处理,从而提高断指再植成活率。     

断指再植手术成活率相关因素分析及相应临床对策

目的探讨断指再植手术成活率的相关因素及相应的临床对策。方法 2015年9月-2016年11月,收集行断指再植手术的患者27例(34指),针对断指再植术后成活率与患者的各相关因素进行临床分析。结果行断指再植术的手指共34指,成活31指,坏死3指,断指再植的成活率91.1%。术后8h内出现静脉危象7指,4指经抗凝、舒张血管、抗感染、镇静等综合治疗成活,3指经手术探查后全部成活。结论要提高断指再植手术的成活率,首先要提高手术操作技术,加强术后管理,如出现血管危象,应综合考虑各方面的影响因素,及时有效地采取必要和有针对性的措施。     

断指再植术后动脉危象的处理

目的　介绍断指再植术后动脉危象的处理。方法　 4 6例 ( 4 6指 )断指再植在术后 6～ 72小时内出现动脉危象 ,经采用罂粟碱 3 0 mg肌肉注射等保守治疗 1小时后 ,动脉危象仍未解除。即行手术探查 ,发现动脉吻合口血管内膜损伤或缺损 2 8例 ,血管吻合技术差 11例 ,血管远端分支未结扎 2例 ;动脉痉挛 5例。血管均严重痉挛、变细、无血液通过吻合口。机械解除动脉痉挛 5例 ;动脉栓塞 4 1例 ,切除吻合口后动脉直接吻合 6例 ,静脉移植 3 5例。结果　 4 6指成活 4 3指 ,成活率为 93 .5 %。结论　精细的显微外科技术是断指再植获得成功的关键 ,正确判断动脉危象 ,及时手术探查是提高该类断肢再植成活率的有效手段。     

完全离断指断指再植术后观察及护理

目的总结完全离断指再植患者术后护理经验,提高断指再植的成活率。方法对100例(127指)断指再植患者进行术后的护理和观察。结果手术100例(127指),直接成活93例(118指),另外7例9指因受伤严重、疼痛、情绪悲观焦虑,术后发生血管危象,经抢救成活5例(6指),坏死清创2例(3指)。结论合理、有效的断指再植术后护理和观察对提高断指再植手术成功率是一个重要保障。     

利伐沙班联合非洛地平预防断指再植术后小动脉危象的疗效研究

目的探讨利伐沙班联合非洛地平预防断指再植术后动脉危象的疗效,并对药物的副作用进行观察。方法2009年8月-2010年8月,研究组65例断指再植患者术后应用利伐沙班联合非洛地平预防术后动脉危象,对照组78例断指再植患者术后应用罂粟碱、肝素钠预防术后动脉危象,观察记录断指再植动脉危象发生情况、成活情况、药物副作用,进行统计学分析。结果研究组较对照组再植指体血管危象发生率低,断指再植成活率高,药物副作用少。结论利伐沙班联合非洛地平在断指再植术后应用,能够降低断指再植术后小动脉危象的发生率,同时药物副作用少,患者对药物的依从性及耐受性好。     

多普勒血流监测仪在断指再植术后观察中的应用

目的探讨应用多普勒血流监测仪在断指再植术后观察中早期发现血管危象的效果。方法对2015年1月-2016年1月收治的60例70指断指再植患者,术后应用多普勒血流监测仪对再植指体吻合端进行监测。结果术后成活69指,成活率98.6%。结论应用多普勒血流监测仪对断指再植血流的监测,对血管危象能够准确地进行提示,早发现、早治疗,减少血管危象手术探查,对断指再植的术后护理具有重要作用。     

指腹皮下肝素浸润预防断指再植术后血管危象

目的：探讨预防断指再植术后血管危象的有效方法。方法：在6例再植断指指腹皮下浸润肝素，首剂1250IU/0.2ml，其后每24h625IU/0.1ml，发生静脉危象者加甲床开窗渗血。结果：6例全部成活，其中5例血循稳定，1例发生静脉危象加用甲床开窗渗血10d患指成活。结论：指腹皮下肝素浸润可有效预防断指再植术后血管危象，加甲床开窗渗血治疗静脉危象效果可靠，为提高断指再植成活率提供了一种可供选择的有效方法。     

断指再植迟发性血管危象的原因探讨及其预防

目的探讨断指再植迟发性血管危象发生的原因及其预防措施，以提高断指再植的成活率。方法回顾性总结1997年7月至2005年6月施行断指再植术后5d以上发生血管危象的病例，探讨迟发性血管危象发生的原因，并针对性的提出预防措施。结果在54例68指的迟发性血管危象的影响因素分析中，致伤原因、损伤类型、热缺血时间和再植后的感染对迟发性血管危象的发生起主要作用。结论对具体的每一断指病例，应全面衡量致伤原因、损伤类型、热缺血时间和再植后可能发生的感染，以决定是否再植。彻底清创、高质量的血管吻合，以及术后严密的观察和处理是预防迟发性血管危象发生的有效措施。     

手术与保守处理断指再植术后超敏期顽固性动脉危象的比较分析

目的探讨于术探查在断指再植术后超敏期(再植术后48～96h)出现顽固性动脉危象的处理意义。方法1995年2月～2005年2月,将拇指近节完全离断再植术后超敏期出现顽固性动脉危象患者171例随机分为手术探查组(87例)与保守治疗组(84例),两组患者年龄、性别、吸烟比例、受伤情况及再植手术情况比较均无显著差异(P＞0．05)。手术探查组在出现顽固性动脉危象后积极予急诊手术探查,术中找出动脉痉挛或(和)血栓形成段,予切除后行动脉端端吻合或取前臂静脉移植修复指动脉。保守治疗组予罂粟碱30mg肌注；尿激酶2万U加入20mL生理盐水静脉推注,0．5～1h后如无缓解重复推注；安定镇静及镇痛药止痛等保守处理。观察再植指体成活情况。结果手术探查组成活78例,成活率为89．7％；保守治疗组成活41例,成活率为48．8％,两组差异有显著性意义(P＜0．01)。两组均无明显并发症发生。结论在断指再植术后超敏期出现顽固性动脉危象的处理中,手术探查可明显提高成活率、改善预后,不能轻易发弃。     

铡草机致多指、多节段指体离断的再植

目的 探讨铡草机所致不同类型断指的手术方法 和疗效.方法 单手指再植,应用传统方法 再植;多指、多节段再植应根据伤情、人员组成、再植的顺序等方面进行合理的规划后有序的进行再植;无再植条件的指体则进行残修、皮瓣修复或足趾再造.结果 36例患者离断79指、再植69指、成活63指,成活率91.3%.术后随访3月～2年,按中华医学会手外科分会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定：优44,良10,可6,差3,优良率85.7%.结论 铡草机所致的不同断指经严格掌握再植适应症、周密的手术计划与术中精细操作、术后精心护理和早期功能锻炼,再植指体存活率高,外观及功能良好.     

无静脉吻合的末节断指再植36例

目的 报道无静脉吻合的末节断指的再植方法.方法 2002年4月-2007年12月,36例42指无可供吻合静脉的末节断指采用扩髓及吻合双侧指掌侧动脉后,指根部结扎非优势侧指固有动脉手术方法,进行再植.评估手术效果.结果 再植指全部成活,随访6-24个月,按中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定：优24例,良12例,等级评分＞78分.结论 对于无静脉可供吻合的末节断指,采用扩髓及吻合双侧指掌侧动脉后,指根部结扎非优势侧指固有动脉的手术方法,是一种可靠的再植技术.     

Digital replantations distal to the distal interphalangeal joint

Microvascular replantations of digits distal to the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint were reviewed in 33 digits of 29 patients. Twenty-five digits were completely amputated and eight were incompletely amputated. Ten of 33 replants failed and 23 digits survived. Even without venous reconstruction, good results were obtained in Zone I. Of eight completely amputated digits in Zone 1 in which venous reconstruction was not performed, seven digits survived. Of four completely amputated digits in Zone 2 without venous reconstruction, all became necrotic. In digits followed for six months or more after surgery, 11 of 13 replantations showed good functional recovery. Two digits that developed paresthesia after replantation were functionally useless. Seven digits without bilateral digital nerve reconstruction were reviewed six months or more after surgery. Sensory recovery was good in the digital phalanx; the factor impeding functional recovery was the development of paresthesia. Replanted digits distal to the DIP joint are thus satisfactory in both function and cosmesis, even if digital nerves have not been reconstructed. The replantation of such digits should be considered.     

Digital replantation in children

This article reports a series of 21 cases of digital replantation in children between 14 months and 10 years of age (mean age, 3 1/2 years) who had a total of 32 digits traumatically amputated. The amputation levels were proximal phalanx in 15 digits, proximal interphalangeal joint in 3 digits, middle phalanx in 3 digits, and distal interphalangeal joint in 11 digits. All but one digit survived after replantation, for an overall survival rate of 96.6%. The longest ischemic time was 28 hours. Several technical points related to the success of this series of cases are discussed in detail.     

特殊组织器官完全离断的显微再植

目的 探讨总结与显微外科相关的特殊组织器官离断再植的方法与经验.方法 对5例耳廓离断、1例颏部组织离断、1例头皮撕脱离断、1例阴茎完全离断、1例足部长组织块离断、1例足部五趾完全离断的组织器官进行显微再植,手术分别吻合了耳后动脉下耳支、面动脉颏支、双侧枕动脉和颞动脉、阴茎背动脉、足底内侧动脉和足底弓动脉、趾动脉和趾（跖）背动脉.结果 1例再植断耳失活,1例再植头皮失活,1例足部长组织块离断再植后部分足跟软组织坏死,予以皮瓣修复,其余再植组织及器官均成活.术后随访3～28个月,再植器官外观、感觉恢复良好,功能基本恢复.结论 完全离断的特殊组织或器官一般均可找到知名血管予以吻合,预防血管危象是成活关键,再植后外观满意、功能恢复良好.     

Teleconsultation with the mobile camera-phone in remote evaluation of replantation potential

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of teleconsultation with the mobile camera-phone to transfer clinical images and communicate on line for evaluation of replantation potential in completely amputated fingers. METHODS: Teleconsultations including clinical images of the amputated portion and stump as well as patient information were transmitted between the physicians in the emergency room and the consultant phlstic surgeon through Panasonic camera-phones, which had a built-in 110,000-pixel digital camera and a 65,536 colors display. The digital images displayed on the screen were further evaluated by three remote plastic surgeons individually and the evaluations were compared with the decision made according to onsite inspection by the consultant surgeon. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 35 patients with a total of 60 digital injures occurring between January to October 2003. The ability to identify the amputation location and status of amputation kwel from remote diagnosis was demonstrated by all three surgeons in 90% and 87% of these sixty amputated digits respectively. Of the 42 digits that were considered to have replantation potential during onsite evaluation, 38 (90%) digits were considered to be so by all three surgeons in group agreement during remote diagnosis. Of the 18 digits that were not considered to be replantable during onsite evaluation, 15 (83%) digits were also deemed without replantation potential, thus making the sensitivity and specificity of recognizing digital replantation potential, 90% and 83_'O re,_1pectively. CONCLUSIONS: The camera-phone is a feasible tool for remote evaluation regarding the replantation potential of completely amputated fingers and it holds significant promise in avoiding unnecessary patient transfer by providing useful information.     

The use of arteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage during Tamai zone I fingertip replantation

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes for patients sustaining a distal fingertip amputation who underwent replantation witharteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage over a one year period at our institution. This technique has been utilized when insufficient veins are identified in the amputated part for standard veno-venous anastomosis.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients presenting from 2013 to 2014. Guillotine, crush, and avulsion/degloving injuries were included if they underwent fingertip (Tamai Zone I) replantation with arterial anastomosis for vascular inflow and arteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage. The cases were further classified as Ishikawa subzone I and subzone II.ResultsArteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage during replantation was used in 45 digits in 35 patients. 41 of the 45 digits underwent successful replantation using this technique (91%). The mean active ROM in the DIP joint of the fingers and in the IP joint of thumbs was 65° and 57°, respectively. Sensory evaluation demonstrated a mean of 6.9 mm s2PD in digits where the digital nerves could be repaired. 11 replanted digits without nerve repair regained some sensory recovery with a mean of 9.6 mm s2PD. 91% of patients were highly satisfied with the appearance of the replanted digits based on Tamai criteria.ConclusionsArteriovenous anastomosis for venous outflow should be considered during zone I fingertip replantation if sufficient veins are not identified in the amputated part. This technique may allow for more routine and successful distal replantation.     

Digital replantation in children: a long-term follow-up study

This paper reports a series of 14 cases of digital replantation in children who had had a total of 17 digits traumatically amputated. All but two digits survived, for an overall success rate of 88%. The length of follow-up was between 3 and 14 years (average 8 years). Sensory recovery of all digits was satisfactory. The mean growth rate of replanted digits relative to contralateral digits was 86%. Twelve cases had an excellent result, and one case had a good result. Digital replantation in children is recommended when feasible.     

甲中份以远指尖再植

目的探讨甲中份以远指尖离断再植的临床特点和预后。方法2001年8月～2005年8月,对16例1甲中份以远指尖离断采取只吻合动脉的方法再植,术后小切口放血。结果16例离断指尖中,成活14例,坏死2例,再植成功率为87．5%。对再植成功的12例随访3～12个月,成活指体饱满和指甲外形满意,静态两点辨别觉为3～6mm。结论甲中份以远的指尖离断冉植是恢复手指外形和功能的最佳治疗方法,具有较高的成功率。但要求术者具有较高的小血管吻合技术,指尖损伤程度和较高的医疗费用也在考虑之中。     

吻合血管术后55例血管危象探查体会

目的 对吻合血管术后55例(63次)血管危象进行临床分析.方法 对2004年4月至2007年12月在我院手外科有完整资料的55例(63次)发生血管危象的病例资料进行回顾性分析,其中断指再植29例、足趾移植手指再造17例、游离皮瓣8例、手指不全离断1例.所有病例均经保守治疗1h后血管危象无缓解而进行手术探查,根据术中所见血管情况进行相应处理,其中26例30次动脉栓塞、17例20次动脉痉挛、10例11次静脉栓塞、2例2次血管受压;其中包括动脉张力过低1例、静脉张力过高1例、动脉分支未结扎1例.根据术中所见,20例23次行前臂浅静脉血管移植,33例38次行栓塞段血管切除重新吻合,1例修剪压迫组织,1例清除局部血肿.结果 本组55例,存活51例,成活率92.73％.其中坏死的有断指再植2例,足趾移植手指再造1例,游离皮瓣1例.结论 血管吻合术后一旦发生血管危象,经保守治疗无效后,早期、积极地手术探查是挽救的关键措施.