内镜套帽法治疗食管早期癌及癌前病变

目的　探讨内镜套帽法切除食管早期癌及癌前病变的应用价值。方法　采用套帽法切除食管早期癌及癌前病变 5 7例 ,其中食管早期癌 33例 ,癌前病变 2 4例 ;全组术前和术后均经病理证实。结果　 5 7例中完全切除 4 8例 (84 .2 % ) ,不完全切除 9例中 1例改手术治疗 ,1例放射治疗 ,余行微波或氩离子凝固治疗 ;重度不典型增生灶 2 1例中 ,术后病理灶性癌变 6例 (2 8.6 % ) ;中度不典型增生灶 10例 ,术后重度不典型增生 2例 (2 0 .0 % ) ,灶性癌变 1例(10 .0 % ) ;1例术中出血 ,无穿孔、狭窄发生 ;随访 5年以上 12例 ,>3～ 5年 11例 ,1～ 3年 2 3例 ,不足 1年 11例 ,1例术后复发 ,非癌死亡 3例。结论　套帽法完全切除率较高 ,操作较简单 ,优于其他方法 ;病灶显示及切除技巧是影响完全切除的主要因素 ;中度不典型增生短期复查无好转和重度不典型增生 ,应采用内镜治疗 ;内镜黏膜切除治疗在食管癌防治策略中具有重要价值和意义     

Endoscopic mucosectomy for early gastric cancer using modified strip biopsy.

We present a modification of strip biopsy (SB), one of the endoscopic treatment modalities for early gastric cancer. Using a side-viewing endoscope and a special electrocautery snare, we treated 6 patients with early carcinoma of the intestinal type with this modified strip biopsy (MSB). All tumors could be completely resected and 5 patients were not operated on: All 5 remained tumor-free at follow-up of at least one year. These results compared favorably with a historical control group of 17 patients with early gastric cancer treated with conventional strip biopsy. We therefore recommend applying our new method of MSB especially in the intestinal type of early gastric carcinoma; these preliminary data however, need confirmation in larger trials.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection for squamous premalignant and early malignant lesions of the esophagus

BACK AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is used to treat premalignant and malignant digestive tract lesions. This report presents the efficacy and safety of EMR for squamous superficial neoplastic esophageal lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study presented data from 51 patients with 54 lesions over an 8-year period, between November 1997 and September 2005. Dysplasas or mucosal (m) T1 carcinomas were treated with repeated EMR until there was a complete local remission. Patients with submucosal (sm) T1 carcinomas were treated with repeated EMR until there was a complete local remission. Patients with submucosal (sm) T1 carcinomas or more advanced stage were offered surgery or chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: There was no mortality, perforation, or major hemorrhage, and there were three easily dilated stenoses. Of the patients, 16 had lesions graded as T1sm or more advanced and one patient was found to have normal tissue post EMR. Complete local remission was achieved in 31 of the 34 patients with dysplasia or T1 m cancers (91%). There was no distant relapse and there was local disease recurrence in eight of the 31 patients (26%). The 5-year survival rate was 95%. CONCLUSIONS: EMR for squamous superficial neoplastic lesions of the esophagus is safe and provides satisfactory survival results.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection scissors for the treatment of early gastric cancer

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is currently a common treatment for superficial gastrointestinal tumors. We have developed new EMR scissors for superficial lesions in the esophagus and stomach. These scissors have stainless steel blades with an electrocoagulation device for hemostasis. We report a case in which superficial gastric cancer was treated by means of the EMR scissors. The lesion was removed using the scissors and no major complication was encountered. EMR scissors can be used for endoscopic resection of superficial lesions of the esophagus and stomach.     

早期食管基底细胞样鳞状细胞癌的内镜特征及预后分析

目的 研究早期食管基底细胞样鳞状细胞癌(EBSCC)的内镜特征、治疗效果及预后。方法回顾性分析2014年1月-2020年12月该院发现并行ESD治疗的早期EBSCC患者32例(EBSCC组),纳入同期行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗的普通典型早期食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)患者96例作为对照组(ESCC组),对比分析两组患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度、内镜特征、治疗结果及生存率等。结果两组患者发病年龄(P=0.746)、性别(P=0.506)、肿瘤大小(P=0.423)和肿瘤浸润深度(P=0.914)比较,差异均无统计学意义。两组患者肿瘤均好发于食管中段,内镜下分型以0-Ⅱb型为主,所有病灶表面黏膜均粗糙和/或糜烂,放大内镜观察上皮内乳头状毛细血管袢(IPCL),以B1型为主,两组患者比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。EBSCC组较ESCC组病灶表面白斑出现的概率更高,差异有统计学意义(56.25%和26.04%,χ²=9.88,P=0.002)。碘液染色：EBSCC组有17例(53.12%)为不染或淡染,15例(46.88%)有斑驳状不染改变...     

内镜下多环黏膜切除术治疗早期食管癌疗效观察

目的观察早期食管癌患者应用内镜下多环黏膜切除术（multi—band mucosectomy,MBM）的治疗效果及安全性。方法早期食管癌患者68例,依据内镜下手术方法不同分为行MBM者35例（MBM组）与行内镜黏膜剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）者33例（ESD组）,比较2组病灶完整切除率、手术时间及并发症等。结果MBM组手术时间（（31．3±4．0）min）低于ESD组（（47．2±4．6）min）（t=-15．195,P=0．000）,2组病灶治愈性切除率和并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后随访3～24个月,2组均无病灶局部复发。结论早期食管癌患者应用MBM安全、有效,并发症少。     

Endoscopic mucosal resection

We are now finding more malignancies in their early stages than previously. Attempts to ablate these lesions are difficult and do not provide the histological information required to decide on further treatment. Surgery is difficult to justify, as only a minority of lesions are associated with lymph node metastases and lesions may not become clinically relevant within the lifetime of an elderly patient. Endoscopic mucosal resection allows cancers to be resected at minimal cost, morbidity and mortality. It is also the most reliable investigation when assessing lesions which are suspicious for containing early cancer. After endoscopic removal, histological assessment of depth of penetration and a search for invasion into lymphatics or venules allows the risk of microscopic lymph node metastases to be predicted. The risk of developing metastatic disease can then be balanced against the risks of surgery in view of the patient's age and health.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection.

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a major advance in endoscopy for treatment of patients with superficial esophageal, gastric, or colonic lesions, providing a nonsurgical treatment option for management of these lesions. With the assistance of endoscopic ultrasonography, it is now possible to obtain an accurate histologic diagnosis, confirm the depth of the lesion, and in many cases resect submucosal tumors. The main goal of EMR using the advances in endosonography is to detect early gastrointestinal cancers and successfully resect them, offering an outpatient, nonsurgical treatment option. Although popular in the Orient, where there is a high incidence of superficial neoplasia, limited data are available on the use of EMR in the United States. Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy nurses and assistants play important roles in successful EMR. This article informs GI staff on the indications for EMR, the procedure and accessories needed, the different resection methods, possible complications, and nursing care.     

内镜套扎黏膜切除术治疗食管贲门早期浅表癌

目的评价内镜套扎黏膜切除术和单独内镜套扎术治疗食管、贲门早期浅表癌的疗效。方法在食管癌高发区人群普查确诊的14例食管、贲门早期浅表癌中，7例采用内镜圈套结扎后行黏膜切除术，另外7例接受了单独内镜圈套结扎治疗。根据切除标本和治疗1个月后内镜复查活检标本病理组织学检查结果评价其疗效。结果癌灶完全切除者13例（92．86％）。部分切除者1例（7．14％）。无创面出血和穿孔并发症。完全切除的13例病人随访16个月未见复发。结论内镜套扎黏膜切除术和单独内镜套扎术均是治疗食管、贲门早期癌安全有效的方法。后者便于在基层医院推广应用。     

Multimodality treatments for nodal relapse after endoscopic mucosal resection of a superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Patients with esophageal intraepithelial carcinoma (m1) and carcinoma invading the lamina propria (m2) are generally considered good candidates for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Japan, as hardly any of them show lymph node metastasis. Although a few cases of esophageal carcinoma invading the lamina propria have been reported to show nodal involvement, lymph node metastasis and subsequent death due to carcinoma after EMR of m1 or m2 esophageal carcinoma has never been reported in the English literature. Here we describe a patient who suffered relapse of lymph node metastasis after EMR of an esophageal carcinoma invading the lamina propria without any of the reported risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis, including vascular invasion. Unfortunately, the patient died due to disease recurrence, despite receiving multimodality treatments including chemoradiotherapy and salvage surgery.     

内镜黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌60例及随访观察

目的 回顾分析内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗早期大肠癌的安全性、治疗效果,并讨论其随访观察结果.方法 对60例早期大肠癌患者以注射法行黏膜切除治疗,记录其操作方法、并发症、术后病理、追加手术情况及随访观察结果.结果 60例早期大肠癌患者经EMR或分片黏膜切除,一次性切除病变43例(71.66％).根据内镜标本病理及外科手术病理结果,累计完整切除率91.67％(55/60).并发症:术中出血24例(40％),以钛夹或氩离子凝固术(APC)止血成功.术后1周迟发出血2例(3.33％),内镜下止血成功.无1例穿孔发生.术后病理:黏膜内癌54例,黏膜下癌6例.5例m癌追加外科肠段切除,均无癌残留,但其中1例内镜标本提示癌残留者合并淋巴结转移;2例sm1癌追加外科肠段切除,无淋巴结转移;2例sm2癌追加外科肠段切除,合并淋巴结转移;1例sm3癌追加外科肠段切除,无淋巴结转移.其余m癌及1例拒绝手术的sm1癌,合计50例纳入随访,随访1～50个月,未见病变残留或复发转移.结论 内镜黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌是安全的,其根治效果取决于操作方法、术后病理标本的判断以及严格术后内镜随访.     

Recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: We present the results of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for superficial esophageal cancer in patients treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital East since March 1993, and discuss the factors involved in local recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 51 patients with a total of 57 superficial esophageal cancers which were treated by EMR at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between March 1993 and March 1998. EMR was performed with a two-channel fiberscope or with the assistance of the endoscopic esophageal mucosal resection tube. Follow-up examinations by means of endoscopy with iodine staining and biopsy were repeated every 3-6 months. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients had double cancers; 12 had head and neck cancers (HNC), six had stomach cancers, and one had lung cancer. The patients with HNC tended to have multiple iodine-unstained areas, and multiple cancers in the esophagus. Local recurrence was detected in two out of five patients (40%) with multiple esophageal cancers, and in two out of 46 patients (4%) with solitary cancer (P=0.0433). There was no difference in the rate of local recurrence between patients with HNC and those without HNC. Three out of four patients with recurrent cancers were given additional treatment, EMR for two and radiotherapy alone for one; no further recurrence occurred except in the patient who underwent radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Multiplicity of cancer is a risk factor for local recurrence. Appropriate additional treatment should be indicated for recurrent lesions.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for residual/local recurrence of early gastric cancer after endoscopic mucosal resection

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a widely accepted treatment for early gastric cancer; however, incomplete resection with residual local disease and recurrences continues to be a difficult problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The en bloc resection rate, histologically complete resection rate, complications, and local recurrence were assessed in 15 patients who underwent ESD for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR. RESULTS: The nonlifting sign after injection of a glycerin solution was positive due to scar formation in all cases. En bloc resection was attempted in all cases, with a complete resection rate of 93.3 % (14 of 15). The lesion was completely resected with histologically adequate margins in the 14 patients who received complete en bloc resection. The average operation time was 85.4 +/- 52.9 min, and the mean follow-up period for all patients was 18.1 +/- 7.4 months. Major bleeding during the procedure in one case was the only complication (one of 15, 6.7 %). None of the patients experienced recurrence of early gastric cancer after ESD. CONCLUSIONS: ESD appears to be a safe and effective treatment for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR, and it is useful for histological confirmation of successful treatment.     

Head and neck cancer arising after endoscopic mucosal resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is well known that patients with head and neck cancer often have synchronous or metachronous squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. However, the prevalence of subsequent head and neck cancer in patients with early-stage esophageal cancer is still unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of metachronous head and neck cancer after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for esophageal cancer and to investigate whether minute iodine-unstained areas, often associated with squamous cell carcinomas, would be an index for metachronous head and neck cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 99 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent EMR were studied. Based on the iodine-staining pattern at initial EMR, they were categorized into those with uniform (group U) and scattered (group S) types of background mucosa. Patients were monitored endoscopically and otolaryngologically (group U, median 46 months, range 12-83 months; group S, median 44 months, range 13-80 months). RESULTS: In total, 5/99 patients (5.1 %) were found to have metachronous head and neck cancer during the follow-up, including 4/20 patients (20 %) in group S. In three cases laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer was found by endoscopic examination. The cumulative proportion of metachronous head and neck cancer-free subjects was significantly lower in group S than group U (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients who undergo EMR for esophageal carcinoma, those with scattered-type iodine staining of the background mucosa have an increased risk of metachronous head and neck cancer, and should therefore be closely observed. Careful endoscopic observation led to early detection of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.