心肺复苏自主呼吸出现时两种通气模式的效果比较

目的:探讨两种不同机械通气模式对心肺复苏(CPR)患者成功率的影响.方法:2007年6月～2009年10月45例呼吸心搏骤停患者CPR出现自主呼吸时采用SIMV+PSV模式通气作为观察组,2005年1月～2007年5月31例应用SIMV模式的50例患者作为对照组;观察两组患者呼吸力学指标、血流动力学和血气分析值水平变化并进行比较,统计CPR成功例数.结果:观察组血流动力学和血气分析各项指标稳定,CPR成功率较高,两组间各项指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:呼吸心搏骤停患者CPR自主呼吸出现时使用SIMV+PSV模式,能减少呼吸肌的做功,利于呼吸功能恢复,能够更好地维持有效的血氧分压,提高血氧浓度,对血流动力学影响较小,是CPR自主呼吸出现时较理想的通气模式.     

277例心肺复苏患者限制性通气与常规通气的疗效对比

人工通气是心肺复苏（CPR）的重要组成部分。对心搏、呼吸骤停的患者，在行胸外按压的同时，尽快做气管内插管行合理的人工通气是保证抢救成功的重要措施。我科2004—01-2006—12在心肺复苏中，人工通气时采用限制性通气，有效提高了心肺复苏的成功率，现总结如下。     

两种不同机械通气方法对心肺复苏效果的对比研究

目的　对比两种不同机械通气方法对CPR术成功率的影响 ,寻求最佳的CPR方法。方法　对 31例心跳骤停的病人进行CPR ,据通气方式不同 ,将病人分为ShumperCPR机胸外按压并间歇通气组 (按压 /通气比为 5 :1,17例 ) (研究组 )和ShumperCPR机胸外按压加常规呼吸机控制呼吸通气组 (呼吸频率 18次 /min ,14例 ) (对照组 ) ,比较 2组病人CPR前及CPR进行 1h后动脉血分析、血乳酸浓度及CPR术成功率的差异。结果　ShumperCPR机间歇通气组动脉血气分析中各项指标均优于常规呼吸机控制呼吸通气组 ,P均 <0 0 5 ,前者血乳酸浓度升高值〔(1.2± 0 7)mmol/L〕低于后者〔(2 .5± 1.3)mmol/L〕 ,P <0 0 5 ,心脏复苏成功率前者 (2 9 4 1% )高于后者 (14 2 9% ) ,P <0 0 5。结论　ShumperCPR机胸外按压并间歇通气方式进行CPR较ShumperCPR机胸外按压加常规呼吸机控制呼吸通气效果好 ,临床行CPR术时宜选用ShumperCPR机同时进行胸外按压和间歇通气。     

院前急救中心肺复苏成功率相关因素研究

目的:分析院前急救中心脏骤停患者影响其心肺复苏(CPR)的相关因素,探索如何提高CPR的成功率.方法:将2002年1月至2007年12月共计6年间在院前急救时心脏骤停患者436例进行分析,分析出诊到达现场时间,心脏骤停的病因,心脏停博时间,心脏复律时间,心脏电击除颤,人工机械通气等与CPR成功率的关系.结果:到达现场的时间越早CPR成功率越高,各种终末性疾病发生心脏骤停时很难复苏成功,无器质性疾病的患者发生心脏骤停时复苏成功率相对较高,年龄越大复苏成功率越低,心脏骤停时间长短与复苏成功率成反比,心脏电击除颤和人工机械通气可提高CPR成功率;各年度间CPR成功率无显著差异.在各病因中;中毒组,外伤组CPR成功率相对较高;呼吸病组,心血管病组,脑血管病组CPR成功率相对较低,但无统计学意义.结论:应尽可能地去除影响CPR的相关因素,以提高CPR成功率,挽救患者的生命.     

心肺复苏自主呼吸出现时两种通气模式的效果比较

目的：探讨两种不同机械通气模式对心肺复苏（CPR）患者成功率的影响。方法：2007年6月～2009年10月45例呼吸心搏骤停患者CPR出现自主呼吸时采用SIMV＋PSV模式通气作为观察组,2005年1月～2007年5月31例应用SIMV模式的50例患者作为对照组;观察两组患者呼吸力学指标、血流动力学和血气分析值水平变化并进行比较,统计CPR成功例数。结果：观察组血流动力学和血气分析各项指标稳定,CPR成功率较高,两组间各项指标比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：呼吸心搏骤停患者CPR自主呼吸出现时使用SIMV＋PSV模式,能减少呼吸肌的做功,利于呼吸功能恢复,能够更好地维持有效的血氧分压,提高血氧浓度,对血流动力学影响较小,是CPR自主呼吸出现时较理想的通气模式。     

心肺复苏中呼吸机某些重要参数调节的研究

心肺复苏(CPR)时呼吸机的使用不同文献有不同说法,有人建议CPR时应积极插管后给予机械通气,因为CPR时使用呼吸机有许多好处[1];也有人通过资料比较认为CPR时使用呼吸机效果较差,因为人-机无法同步.我们对50例心搏骤停患者CPR时机械通气参数进行了特殊的调节,达到了良好的通气效果,报告如下.     

喉罩通气在院前心肺复苏中的临床研究

目的:探讨院前心肺复苏(CPR)时早期盲插喉罩通气对复苏成功率的影响。方法:对院前发生心跳呼吸骤停患者460例,根据CPR时对患者建立人工气道的不同措施将其分为3组,A组210例,常规CPR时即盲插喉罩通气;B组40例,常规CPR时即行气管内插管;C组210例,常规CPR时以球囊面罩装置通气,转送至急诊科再行气管内插管,插管延迟时间5～15min。结果:插管所需时间:A组10.4±7.5s;B组96±25.7s;C组52±27.5s;3组相比差异有显著性(P<0.001)。一次插管成功率:A组盲探下插入喉罩全部1次成功,成功率100%;B组插管1次成功28例,2次成功9例,3次以上3例,一次插管成功率70%;C组插管1次成功200例,2次成功10例,一次插管成功率95.2%;3组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01)。复苏成功率:A组复苏成功41例,成功率19.5%;B组复苏成功1例,成功率2.5.%;C组复苏成功8例,成功率3.8%;A组与B、C组复苏成功率比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),B组与C组复苏成功率比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:在院前心肺复苏时,早期盲插喉罩通气具有操作快捷,可盲探插管且成功率高,能明显提高抢救成功率,而早期气管插管需时长,一次插管成功率较低,不能提高CPR成功率。     

早期心肺复苏中不同通气方式的对比观察体会

如何提高心肺复苏（CPR）成功率是医务人员，尤其是急救专业人员的努力方向。早期气道开放，畅通呼吸道，改善机体缺氧是CPR成功关键。为此我们观察CPR时采取不同通气方式、不同气管插管时间及不同装置时对复苏成功率的影响，报告如下。     

心肺复苏机联合呼吸机对心肺复苏早期成功率的影响

心脏按压是急诊心肺复苏(CPR)时最重要的手段之一.我院采用心肺复苏机Thumper-1007(萨勃机)实施CPR,现就其对早期成功率的影响报告如下.     

改良院内心肺复苏方法对脑复苏的影响

心肺复苏(CPR)的成功率近年虽然已有了明显提高,但是脑复苏是CPR最后成败的关键.本研究对发生在医院内CPR成功患者的相关资料进行回顾性分析,以探讨提高脑复苏成功率的方法.     

Impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on resuscitation.

Restoration of adequate spontaneous circulation after "arrest" and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of 546 patients before and 460 patients after initiation of a CPR training course in a 500-bed city hospital is reported. Between January 1972 and June 1976, adequate circulation after CPR was present in 38.6% of patients before and 50.4% after training ICU nurses and house physicians in modern resuscitation techniques. Factors crucial to resumption of adequate circulation are: (1) CPR training of all hospital personnel so that effective CPR can be started immediately after recognition of an arrest situation, (2) production of a palpable pulse with closed chest cardiac massage, and (3) prompt effective therapy so that the time interval between arrest and resumption of adequate spontaneous circulation is short.     

Adaptive closed-loop resuscitation controllers for hemorrhagic shock resuscitation

Background

After hemorrhage control, fluid resuscitation is the most important intervention for hemorrhage. Even skilled providers can find resuscitation challenging to manage, especially when multiple patients require care. In the future, attention-demanding medical tasks like fluid resuscitation for hemorrhage patients may be reassigned to autonomous medical systems when availability of skilled human providers is limited, such as in austere military settings and mass casualty incidents. Central to this endeavor is the development and optimization of control architectures for physiological closed-loop control systems (PCLCs). PCLCs can take many forms, from simple table look-up methods to widely used proportional–integral–derivative or fuzzy-logic control theory. Here, we describe the design and optimization of multiple adaptive resuscitation controllers (ARCs) that we have purpose-built for the resuscitation of hemorrhaging patients.

Study Design and Methods

Three ARC designs were evaluated that measured pressure–volume responsiveness using different methodologies during resuscitation from which adapted infusion rates were calculated. These controllers were adaptive in that they estimated required infusion flow rates based on measured volume responsiveness. A previously developed hardware-in-loop test platform was used to evaluate the ARCs implementations across several hemorrhage scenarios.

Results

After optimization, we found that our purpose-built controllers outperformed traditional control system architecture as embodied in our previously developed dual-input fuzzy-logic controller.

Discussion

Future efforts will focus on engineering our purpose-built control systems to be robust to noise in the physiological signal coming to the controller from the patient as well as testing controller performance across a range of test scenarios and in vivo.     

Physiology of resuscitation

Ischemia ultimately leads to loss of thermodynamic order in all cells. During ischemia and reperfusion, the influx of Ca2+ ions appears to initiate a number of cell processes, the reversal of which depends on the re-establishment and maintenance of adequate organ perfusion and high energy metabolism. Promising therapeutic approaches for accomplishing these goals include substrate augmentation, inhibition of calcium-activated injury, membrane stabilization, manipulation of the cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase reactions, and the use of free radical scavengers.     

Pediatric resuscitation

The key to successful resuscitation in children is aggressive intervention, including oxygenation, ventilation, volume expansion, other therapies directed at the cause, and close observation before cardiorespiratory arrest occurs. Prevention of arrests will have the most important impact on improving outcome. Once an arrest occurs, meticulous attention to the ABCs of resuscitation and to advanced life support guidelines may help lower mortality and morbidity rates in these tragic circumstances.     

Neonatal resuscitation

The long-term outcome of infants subjected to perinatal asphyxia can be improved if they are recognized as high risk before birth and managed so as to reduce the period of hypoxemia to a minimum. Prompt and effective resuscitation of asphyxiated infants at the time of birth can contribute much to improving the long-term outcome of these infants.     

Newborn resuscitation

Assessment and management of the newborn is a very rapid sequence of events. Unlike adult resuscitation, where the goal is to "restore" the breathing and perfusion that they once had, the goal of resuscitating a newborn is to "initiate" effective breathing and perfusion. It is of paramount importance for prehospital care providers to be prepared to handle these critical cases in an expedient manner. The vast majority of newborns breathe spontaneously at delivery or very shortly thereafter, with little intervention required by EMS; however, EMS providers should always be mentally and physically prepared to assist a struggling newborn.