酒依赖者戒酒追踪护理

目的：帮助酒依赖戒酒。方法：对46例酒依赖进行追踪护理。结果：成功戒断35例,占76.09%,未戒断11例,占23.91%。结论：酒依赖饮酒时间的长短及饮酒量的多少不是戒酒成功与否的关键因素,而化程度较高、家庭关系良好、从事职员及工人的酒依赖戒酒成功的机会较大,而且追踪护理是戒酒成功的重要促进因素。     

明矾泡酒加暗示治疗酒依赖的临床研究

目的：探讨明矾泡酒加暗示治疗酒依赖的远期疗效。方法：用明矾光酒加暗示对２０例酒依赖患者进行戒酒治疗，并在半年、一年时进行随访，结果：半年时：戒酒１４年，节制饮酒３例，恢复原状３例；一年时：戒酒９例，节制饮酒３例，恢复原状８例。结论：明矾泡酒有简便，病人依从性强，及便于暗示等特点，值得推广。     

厌恶疗法治疗酒依赖29例临床观察

根据有关调查资料显示，我国目前慢性酒精中毒者逐年增多。由于长期反复饮酒者可以导致酒依赖，使其躯体、心理和社会功能均受到不同程度损害，所以许多酒依赖者试图采用各种方法戒酒，但均以失败者居多。我院采用厌恶疗法治疗酒依赖29例取得较好疗效，现总结如下：     

呋喃唑酮厌恶疗法戒酒的临床观察及护理

目的：观察呋喃唑酮厌恶疗法戒酒的临床表现，探讨提高戒酒成功率的护理干预措施。方法：对23例酒依赖患者进行呋喃唑酮厌恶疗法，同时加强各阶段的护理干预。结果：一年随访戒酒成功率为87％。结论：患者有戒酒的愿望、家属的积极配合、全面的生活护理及适时的心理暗示是戒酒成功的重要条件。     

96例递减戒酒法的临床疗效观察

目的：研究递减戒酒法的临床疗效。方法：将96例酒依赖患者随机分为两组，第一组住院时即完全停止饮酒；第二组逐日递减饮酒量，直至停酒。结果：第一组和第二组患者在治疗过程中所表现的依赖和戒断综合征严重程度有显著差异性。结论：递减戒酒法可以提高特别是年龄较大的酒依赖患者在治疗过程中的安全性。     

酒依赖的形成机制及治疗药物研究进展

连续大量饮酒的后果是个体在生理及行为方面对酒精产生依赖性，同时引致机体多器官系统的病理改变。依赖性的产生与生理耐受性的形成有关，而身体依赖性一旦形成，个体就会连续不断地饮酒，以避免戒酒综合征的折磨以及其他不良体验［１－３］。越来越多的研究着眼于酒依赖...     

96例酒精依赖者夫妻关系调查及原因分析

酒依赖患者是长期反复饮酒而引起对酒渴求的一种心理状态,也是一种精神障碍.主要表现为以酒为中心;影响家庭、事业、社交等;对酒有强烈的渴求感;饮酒模式固定,尤以晨饮为特点;一旦停饮或饮酒量减少,会出现戒断症状;对酒的耐受增高等为主要特征.本文对在河北省第六人民医院自愿戒酒治疗的96例酒依赖者夫妻关系状况进行调查,现报道如下:     

内观疗法治疗酒依赖及随访

目的 :探讨内观疗法治疗酒依赖患者的疗效及复发率。方法 :采用明尼苏达多项人格调查测试了 2 3例酒依赖患者 ,并与全国常模对照 ,住院期间应用集中内观 ,出院后定期随访 ,认真操练 ,使患者保持内心体验。结果 :通过随访治疗 ,3个月有 1 7例完全戒酒 ,6个月有1 3例完全戒酒。结论 :内观疗法是一种治疗酒依赖较为有效的方法。     

大鼠酒精戒断后焦虑行为的研究进展

酒依赖是精神科最常见的物质依赖之一,可导致多种躯体疾病和精神障碍,加重个体及社会的经济负担.酒依赖是反复饮酒引起的一种特殊心理状态,表现为对酒的强烈渴求和满足心理、躯体的一种需求,它贯穿于整个依赖过程.酒依赖戒断者大多存在不同程度的焦虑症状[1],特别是戒酒初期,焦虑症状尤其突出.     

自助疗法在中国的发展

“戒酒互助会”（Alcoholics Anonymous，AA），又称“嗜酒者互诫协会”、“戒酒匿名会”等，是国际戒酒自助组织，其自助疗法在酒依赖的康复中有着广泛的影响，我国虽然早在1996年就引入了自助疗法，在全国多个城市也建立了 AA，但是目前在中国的发展依然缓慢。本文就 AA 在中国应用的相关文献和资料，以及目前 AA 的现况进行综述，分析 AA 在中国发展的相关影响因素，进而就如何提高 AA 在中国的发展提出一些建议，以期促进各界共同推动 AA 在中国的发展，让更多的患者及其家庭受益。     

酒依赖患者妻子情感体验的质性研究

目的:探讨妻子对丈夫病态饮酒行为的情感体验及其在诊断、治疗、康复过程中真实的心理感受.方法:采用立意取样法选取16例酒依赖患者的妻子,运用深入访谈法收集资料和Colaizzi法分析资料.结果:经分析萃取出4个主题:①对丈夫酒依赖行为的无能为力感；②缺乏酒依赖相关知识,导致就医延迟,得不到早期干预；③对病耻感的体验与感知较强；④对酒依赖治疗和复发预防缺乏正确认识.结论:酒依赖患者的妻子存在无能为力、病耻感,缺乏酒依赖相关知识,需要获得有效的情感支持及专业技能.     

Family medicine residents' beliefs, attitudes and performance with problem drinkers: a survey and simulated patient study.

Fifty-six second-year family medicine residents completed a survey on their knowledge and beliefs about problem drinkers. Most residents felt responsible for screening and counseling, were confident in their clinical skills in these areas, and scored well on related knowledge questions. However, only 18% felt that problem drinkers would often respond to brief counseling sessions with physicians while 36% felt that moderate drinking was a reasonable goal for patients with severe alcohol dependence. Residents were then visited by unannounced simulated patients (SPs) presenting with alcohol-induced hypertension or insomnia. Residents detected the SP in 45 out of 104 visits. In the 59 undetected SP visits, residents asked about alcohol consumption in 47 visits (80%), discussed the relationship between alcohol use and the presenting complaint in 37 visits (63%), and recommended a specific weekly consumption in 35 visits (59%). Only 31% offered reduced drinking strategies, and most did not ask about features of alcohol dependence. These results suggest that residents have the fundamental clinical skills required to manage the problem drinker who gives a clear history and is receptive to advice. Educational efforts with residents should focus on the importance of systematic screening, taking an alcohol history under more challenging conditions, identifying the subtler presentations of alcohol problems, counselling the less receptive patient at an earlier stage of change, distinguishing the problem drinker from the alcohol-dependent patient, and offering specific behavioral strategies for the problem drinker.     

A longitudinal examination of protective behavioral strategies and alcohol consumption among adult drinkers

Previous studies suggest that employing specific behavioral strategies when drinking can prevent excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. However, these studies have typically examined these ‘protective behavioral strategies’ (PBSs) in combination, limiting understanding of whether individual strategies differ in their effectiveness. Further, most existing research is cross-sectional in design, precluding the determination of causal relationships between PBS use and alcohol consumption. To address these research gaps, the present study sought to longitudinally (i) identify which individual PBSs are significantly related to reduced alcohol consumption over time and (ii) explore the effectiveness of individual PBSs among specific population groups. The sample comprised 1328 Australian adult drinkers (47% male) who completed an online survey assessing engagement in PBSs and alcohol consumption at two time points approximately four weeks apart. Reported enactment of the PBS ‘Count your drinks’ was associated with a significant reduction in alcohol consumption between T1 and T2. In contrast, enactment of the PBSs ‘Ask a friend to let you know when you have had enough to drink’, ‘Put extra ice in your drink’, ‘Use a designated driver’, and ‘Leave drinking venues at a pre-determined time’ was associated with an increase in alcohol consumption. The results thus suggest that many PBSs may not be effective in reducing alcohol consumption and that some may be associated with higher levels of intake. The results have implications for the development of harm-minimization campaigns designed to encourage drinkers to reduce their alcohol consumption.     

Harm reduction, students and pleasure: an examination of student responses to a binge drinking campaign

BackgroundRecent debates about ‘binge drinking’ in New Zealand have positioned alcohol consumption amongst young drinkers as of concern. Research notes that students drink more heavily than their peers and that they have a higher incidence of alcohol related harms. In response, a harm reduction campaign aimed at first year university students was developed at a New Zealand university.MethodsThis mixed methods study used questionnaires (225) and a small number of semi-structured interviews (4) to elicit student responses to the harm reduction campaign.ResultsThe majority of students in this study can be characterised as binge drinkers, although their drinking does not appear to cause them concern. The term ‘binge drinking’ is explored in three developed categories; ‘light’, ‘moderate’ and ‘heavy’ bingeing. Results are considered within a discussion of pleasure as a hindrance to harm reduction campaigns.ConclusionsThe concept of ‘determined drunkenness’ and the notion of pleasure are important in students’ motivations for drinking and may contribute to the resistance they have in viewing their alcohol consumption as concerning. It is argued that students already felt that they exercised control over their drinking for pleasure and this produced contradictions in responses towards the campaign compared to actual behaviour.     

Mood and drinking: a naturalistic diary study of alcohol, coffee and tea

Understanding the pattern of associations between mood and consumption of alcohol, coffee and tea may provide information about the factors governing beverage drinking. The associations between mood and the consumption of alcohol, coffee and tea during everyday life were assessed. A naturalistic study was carried out with 18 male and 31 female volunteers from two working groups (psychiatric nursing and school teaching). Participants completed daily records of drink consumption, together with ratings of anxious and positive moods for 8 weeks. Potential moderators of associations were self-reported drinking to cope, high perceived job demands and social support at work. Day-by-day associations were analysed using Spearman correlations. There were substantial individual differences in associations between mood and daily alcohol, coffee and tea consumption. Overall, alcohol intake was associated with high positive and low anxious mood. This effect was not present among participants with high drinking to cope ratings. Coffee and tea drinking were not consistently related to mood across the entire sample. However, job demands influenced the association between coffee consumption and anxious mood in men, and those who experienced high job demands drank more coffee on days on which they felt anxious. In contrast, women but not men who enjoyed high social support at work felt more relaxed on days on which they drank more tea. These results indicate that people vary widely in the extent to which mood is related to the drinking of alcohol, coffee and tea. The strength of associations is influenced by gender, motivational factors, and by stress and coping resources. Received: 30 April 1998/Final version: 22 June 1998     

Teenage thinking on teenage drinking: 15- to 16-year olds' experiences of alcohol in Northern Ireland

Focus groups were conducted with 15- to 16-year olds in Northern Ireland looking at reasons for alcohol consumption and reflections on specific attitudes towards alcohol and behaviours resulting from alcohol use. Participants reported greater concern with ‘being caught’ drinking by parents than with any negative short- or long-term health impact from alcohol use. The results would also suggest that once initiated, young people are unlikely to stop drinking and therefore are in need of harm reduction advice and skills. Participants reported a desire to engage meaningfully with school teachers and parents concerning their use of alcohol; however, fear of being labelled as problematic by teachers and fear of disappointing their parents means that they would be more likely to keep their drinking secretive. Participants repeatedly reported that intoxication (or consumption of alcohol, more broadly) could be used to excuse both risky and illegal behaviours. Interventions with young drinkers might look to address some of the harms and attitudes discussed.     

Alcohol-related advice for Veterans Affairs primary care patients: Who gets it? Who gives it?

OBJECTIVE: Most patients who misuse alcohol do not receive alcohol counseling from their providers. This study evaluated primary care patient and provider characteristics associated with receipt of alcohol-related advice and whether patients were advised to drink less or to abstain. METHOD: Outpatients from seven Veterans Affairs (VA) general medicine clinics were eligible if they screened positive for alcohol misuse, completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and answered questions about alcohol-related treatment and advice. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to evaluate patient and provider characteristics associated with patient reports of alcohol-related advice from a primary care provider in the past year. RESULTS: Among 5191 patients with alcohol misuse in the past year, 1554 (30%) reported receiving alcohol-related advice from their primary care provider during that time. Of patients advised, 73% reported advice to abstain. The likelihood of reporting advice increased as AUDIT scores increased: from 13% of patients with AUDIT scores <8 to 71% of those with scores > or =20. After adjustment for important confounders, measures reflecting the severity of alcohol misuse were most strongly associated with receipt of alcohol-related advice. Adjusted analyses also revealed increased odds of receiving advice among patients who reported liver disease, hypertension, current smoking or continuity of care. No measured provider characteristic was associated with giving advice in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: This multisite VA study found that most patients with alcohol misuse did not receive alcohol counseling from a primary care provider. Moreover, providers predominantly offered advice to abstain, and they appeared to focus on patients with the most severe problems due to drinking or medical contraindications to drinking.     

The relationship of alcohol use to cocaine relapse in cocaine dependent patients in an aftercare study

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between alcohol use and cocaine relapse. METHOD: Ninety-eight cocaine-dependent male patients in aftercare were followed for 6 months following completion of an intensive outpatient rehabilitation program (IOP). Past and current alcohol dependence was assessed at entrance into aftercare, and drinking behavior prior to cocaine relapse and "near miss" episodes was assessed at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Data on cocaine and alcohol use throughout the follow-up were also obtained. RESULTS: Patients who had never met criteria for alcohol dependence and those with current alcohol dependence had worse cocaine outcomes (cocaine use on 10% and 7% of the days in the follow-up, respectively) than those with past alcohol dependence (cocaine use on 3% of the days in the follow-up), although alcohol dependence status no longer predicted cocaine use outcomes when cocaine use in IOP was controlled. Alcohol use in 4 of the first 5 follow-up months significantly predicted cocaine relapse status in the next month after cocaine use in IOP and alcohol dependence diagnosis at baseline were controlled. Patients who experienced cocaine relapses were much more likely to report drinking before the onset of the episode than those who had "near misses," particularly on the day of the episode (40% vs. 6% at 3 months; 62% vs. 0% at 6 months). Alcohol did not appear to be a factor in the relapses of cocaine patients with no history of alcohol dependence, even though they did report drinking on 5% of the days in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Relapse prevention efforts with cocaine abusers who have histories of alcohol dependence should include interventions designed to reduce drinking.     

I Am Quite Mellow But I Wouldn't Say Everyone Else Is”: How UK Students Compare Their Drinking Behavior to Their Peers'

Background: Excessive drinking is commonplace at UK Universities. Individuals may misperceive how much they drink compared to others and are less likely to think that they will suffer adverse consequences. Young people often distance themselves and their friends from ‘problem drinkers’. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore how student drinkers compared their own drinking behaviors to the drinking behaviors of others. Methods: An online survey was completed by 416 students aged 18–30 (68.5% female). They were asked ‘how do you think your drinking compares with other people like you?' and ‘how do you think your behavior when you drink compares with other people like you?’ Answers were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: The first main theme was about ‘identification as a ‘good’ drinker’. Participants suggested their own behavior when drinking was similar to their sober behavior. Further, they viewed themselves as more able to maintain a balance between staying in control and having fun while drinking. The second main theme was about ‘distancing from being a ‘bad’ drinker. Participants distanced themselves from negative prototypical drinkers, such compulsive or anti-social drinkers. They also attributed their own drinking behaviors to situational factors, but described other people as intentionally violent or aggressive. Conclusions/Importance: These findings may explain the failure of some health messages to change drinking behaviors. If drinkers perceive that their behavior when they drink is better than other people's then they may discount intervention messages. Targeting these biases could be incorporated into future interventions.