藏族大骨节病血清生化指标检测及相关性分析

[目的]探讨血清钙、磷、镁、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酐等生化指标与藏族大骨节病患者的相关性。[方法]收集四川省阿坝州若尔盖地区藏族大骨节病患者295例(其中I度68例,II度89例,III度138例),同地区藏族正常对照290例,测定患者及对照的13项血清生化指标:钙(Ca)、磷(PHOS)、镁(Mg)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(Cre)。[结果]藏族大骨节患者血清Mg、ALP、LDH、HBDH水平均显著高于对照组(P﹤0.05);患者血清CK、DALT、AST、GGT、Cre水平则显著低于对照组(P﹤0.05);而患者组和对照组血清Ca、PHOS、TP、ALB水平没有明显差异(P﹥0.05)。同时,患者血清ALP、LDH、HBDH、ALT和AST水平还与病情严重程度存在明显的相关性(P﹤0.05)。[结论]藏族大骨节患者血清中Mg、ALP、LDH、HBDH水平显著升高,CK、ALT、AST、GGT、Cre水平则明显降低;且ALP、LDH、HBDH、ALT和AST水平与大骨节病的严重程度相关。因此,这些生化指标的检测对于大骨节患者的早期诊断和预防以及病程进展的监测具有非常重要的意义。     

某焦化厂职业接触多环芳烃焦炉工肝脏某些酶活性的变化

目的探讨多环芳烃(PAHs)对炼焦作业工人某些肝血清酶活性改变的可能影响。方法对乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阴性的炼焦作业工人和非PAHs职业接触工人进行总PAHs累积接触指数(CEL-PAHs)评估,尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)浓度等级划分,和血清中丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转移梅(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的检测。结果焦炉工职业性PAHs暴露水平明显高于对照组(P<0·05)。与对照组相比,血清ALT的明显升高可见于CEL-PAHs<50μg/(m3·a)组和尿中1-OHP浓度<2·3μmol/mol肌酐CEL-PAHs≥200μg/m3组,血清AST的明显升高可见于CEL-PAHs<50μg/(m3·a)组;当CEL-PAHs(200μg/(m3·a)或尿中1-OHP浓度≥10·0μmol/mol肌酐时,可发现四种肝生化指标实测值的明显升高(P<0·05),以及ALT、AST和GGT异常率的明显升高(P<0·05),以血清GGT水平的升高(10倍CEL-PAHs的上升导致1·24倍血清GGT水平的升高,10倍尿中1-OHP浓度的上升导致1·19倍的升高)和异常率的上升(logistic回归,调整OR值为6·2~7·2,P<0·05)最为明显。结论PAHs职业暴露可导致炼焦作业工人肝脏某些血清酶活性的升高。     

Protective effects of vitamin C against haematological and biochemical toxicity induced by deltamethrin in male Wistar rats

Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is known for its wide toxic manifestations. The present experiment pertains to the protective role of vitamin C against haematological and biochemical toxicity induced by deltamethrin during 4 weeks. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight each: Group I served as control rats; Group II received deltamethrin (1.28 mg/kg BW) in drinking water. Group III received both deltamethrin and vitamin C (200 mg/kg BW; by i.p. injection); Group IV received vitamin C (200 mg/kg BW). Exposure of rats to deltamethrin caused significant changes of some haematological parameters (red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet (Plt) and white blood cells (WBC)) in treated rats compared to controls. Significant increases in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT)). Furthermore, renal markers such as urea and creatinine were increased in deltamethrin treated rats. Additionally, serum cholesterol and lipid peroxidation were significantly enhanced. Co-administration of vitamin C to the group III restored all the parameters cited above to near-normal values. Therefore, our investigation revealed that vitamin C appeared to be a promising agent for protection against deltamethrin-induced toxicity.     

Cholinesterase and other serum liver enzymes in underweight outpatients with eating disorders

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate serum liver enzymes in underweight outpatients with anorexia nervosa (A-NERV) or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). METHOD: Serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and cholinesterase (CHE) were determined in 97 patients with A-NERV, 66 patients with EDNOS, and 56 controls. RESULTS: In the A-NERV group AST, LDH, and GGT were higher, as compared with controls, and inversely related to weight, while ALP and CHE were lower. AST and GGT increased and CHE decreased in patients with EDNOS. Hypertransaminasemia occurred in 14.4 and 15.2%, and low CHE in 29.9% of the A-NERV group and 13.6% and EDNOS group, respectively. Three or more abnormalities were found in 9.3% of patients with A-NERV and 7.5% of those with EDNOS. CONCLUSION: Abnormalities in serum liver enzymes are common in outpatients with eating disorders plus underweight. CHE might be considered as a marker of the effects of primary malnutrition on liver function.     

A cross-sectional investigation of chronic exposure to microcystin in relationship to childhood liver damage in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

Background: Microcystin-producing Microcystis bloom is a severe water problem in the world. Some reports indicate that chronic exposure to microcystin may result in liver damage in adults, but information on effects in children is limited.Objective: We investigated the relationship between microcystin exposure and liver damage in children.Methods: We measured microcystin concentrations in drinking water and aquatic food (carp and duck) from two lakes and four wells. Participants were 1,322 children 7–15 years of age who obtained drinking water from one of the tested sources, completed questionnaires, and provided blood samples for serum liver enzymes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT)] and serum microcystin analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with liver damage (two or more abnormal serum enzyme levels in ALT, AST, ALP, or GGT).Results: Microcystin was detected in most samples of water and aquatic food from two lakes. Children who drank water from the lake with the highest microcystin concentrations had a total estimated daily microcystin intake of 2.03 μg, a value much higher than the tolerable daily intake (0.40 μg) proposed by the World Health Organization for children. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, use of hepatotoxic medicines, and microcystin exposure were associated with liver damage. AST and ALP levels were significantly higher in high-microcystin-exposed children than in low-exposed children and unexposed children when participants who were HBV-positive or hepatotoxic medicine users were excluded from the analysis.Conclusion: These results suggest that chronic exposure to microcystin may be associated with liver damage in children in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.     

2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素与各项肝酶相关性分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素与肝酶的相关性。方法:选取522例2型糖尿病患者,测定血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平。按FT3、FT4、TSH水平进行分组,评价甲状腺激素与肝酶的关系。结果:1组和5组中ALT、ALP和GGT;以及2组中ALP均高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。在控制血糖因素后,相关分析显示TT3与ALT和GGT、TT4与ALT、FT3与ALT和GGT相关(P<0.01);FT4和TSH与四项指标均不相关。结论:2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素与各项肝酶显著相关,甲状腺激素可能是糖尿病肝损害的保护性因素。     

Hepatotoxic activity of toluene inhalation and protective role of melatonin

This study was designed to investigate the harmful effects of toluene inhalation in the liver of rats and possible protective effects of melatonin on these detrimental effects. For this purpose, 21 adult male Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. Animals in group I were used as control. The rats in group II were exposed to toluene (3000 ppm/1 hour/day) for 4 weeks, while the rats in group III were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally [ip]) plus toluene inhalation. At the end of the experimental period, liver and blood samples were taken from the decapitated animals. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and albumin levels were determined. Liver tissue sections were stained with routine histological methods and examined under the light microscope. In addition, the sections were immunohistochemically stained using avidin-biotin-peroxidase method for determination of apoptosis. The liver tissue activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured. Toluene inhalation significantly increased serum ALT, AST and tissue MDA, and decreased serum albumin, but did not affect serum ALP, total bilirubin levels and tissue SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity when compared with controls. The increases in tissue MDA and serum ALT and AST levels induced by toluene inhalation were significantly inhibited by melatonin treatment. In light microscopic observations of tissues from toluene-inhaled rats, massive hepatocyte degeneration, ballooning degeneration and mild pericentral fibrosis were observed. Bax immune reactivity was also increased significantly. Melatonin treatment decreased the balloon degeneration, fibrosis and Bax immune reactivity in the liver of toluene-inhaled rats. In view of the present findings, it is suggested that melatonin has hepatoprotective effects against toluene toxicity via primarily antioxidative properties.     

Multiple health behaviors and serum hepatic enzymes among US adults with obesity

IntroductionThis study was to examine the cumulative number and clustering patterns of low-risk health behaviors (i.e., not currently smoking, not excessive drinking, and physically active) associated with elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) among adults with obesity in the United States.MethodsWe estimated the age-adjusted prevalence of elevated ALT, AST, and GGT from 4547 adults with obesity aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The associations between the cumulative number or clustering patterns of low-risk health behaviors and measures of serum ALT, AST, and GGT were assessed using multivariate regression models.ResultsAdult men who reported having three low-risk health behaviors were 62%, 39%, and 48% less likely to have elevated serum ALT, AST, and GGT, respectively; adult women were 56% and 73% less likely to have elevated serum AST and GGT, respectively, when compared to their respective counterparts who reported having none of the low-risk health behaviors.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that, among adults with obesity, having multiple low-risk health behaviors is associated with decreased likelihoods of elevated hepatic enzymes, including ALT in men, AST and GGT in both men and women.     

三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者肝功能动态变化

目的 观察职业性三氯乙烯( trichloroethylene,TCE)药疹样皮炎患者血清肝功能指标动态变化,为TCE药疹样皮炎肝损害的治疗提供依据.方法 收集10例职业性TCE药疹样皮炎并发肝损害患者不同时间点血清,采用全自动生化分析仪测定血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白( ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、AST/ALT比值、白蛋白/球蛋白比值(A/G)等11项指标,分析各指标动态变化.结果 10例TCE药疹样皮炎患者11项肝功能指标变化范围是TP:43.2～74.2 g/L,ALB:24.6～44.6 g/L,A/G:0.77～2.10,TBIL:3.7～268.2 μmol/L,DBIL:1.0～166.0 μmol/L,IBIL:2.4～167.5 μmol/L,ALT:11～5985 U/L,AST:14～5586 U/L,GGT:15～1500 U/L,ALP:35～309 U/L,S/L:0.07～1.94.TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、GGT、ALP浓度明显升高,尤以ALT、AST、GGT变化最明显;ALT最高达5985U/L,AST最高达5586 U/L,GGT最高达1500 U/L.TP、ALB、S/L明显降低,TP最低降到43.2g/L,S/L最低至0.07.A/G基本保持不变,IBIL变化不规律.结论 TCE药疹样皮炎患者早期肝损害严重,病情易反复发作.     

Modulating influence of cytochrome P-450 MspI polymorphism on serum liver function profiles in coke oven workers

OBJECTIVES: It was reported previously that topside oven workers with heavy exposure to coke oven emissions had increased serum activities of hepatic aminotransferase in one coke oven plant. This study was conducted to investigate the modifying effect of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism on liver function profiles in coke oven workers. METHODS: 88 coke oven workers from a large steel company in Taiwan were studied in 1995-6. Exposure was categorised by work area: topside oven workers and sideoven workers. Liver function profiles including serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), r-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (BIL) were examined in the morning after personal exposure measurements. The MspI polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: Five of 23 (22%) topside oven workers and seven of 65 (11%) sideoven workers had the CYP1A1 MspI homozygous variant genotype. With sideoven workers with the combined wild type and heterozygous variant as the reference group in multiple regression models, it was found that topside oven workers with the combined traits had mean AST and ALT activities that were 21% and 46% higher (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4% to 42% and 12% to 91%, respectively) than the reference group after adjusting for appropriate confounders. Also, topside oven workers with the homozygous variant trait had mean AST, ALT, and GGT activities that were 59%, 68%, and 157% higher (95% CI 21% to 109%, 6% to 168%, and 39% to 374%, respectively) than the reference group. The prevalence of an abnormal hepatocellular pattern (AST > 37 IU/l or ALT > 39 IU/l) was more common in the topside oven workers with the homozygous variant than in the sideoven workers with the other combined genotypes (adjusted odds ratio 9.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 82.3) after adjusting for appropriate confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism may modify the biotransformation of coke oven emissions, which results in hepatocellular damage in coke oven workers.     

The associations between height components (leg and trunk length) and adult levels of liver enzymes

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the separate associations of leg length, a biomarker of prepubertal exposures and growth, and trunk length with adult levels of liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the British Women's Health and Heart Study, a random sample of British women aged 60-79 years. RESULTS: Leg length was inversely associated with age-adjusted levels of ALT, GGT and ALP. These associations remained when controlling for childhood and adulthood social class, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, waist-to-hip ratio and trunk length. Trunk length was positively associated with ALT and inversely associated with ALP and the associations remained when adjusting for covariables. CONCLUSIONS: Adult liver function is affected by early life environmental exposures as reflected in leg length, and this may suggest common childhood influences on liver development and adult risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Further studies with detailed measures of early life exposures relevant to leg length would be valuable in identifying any specific exposures contributing to adult liver function and cardiovascular disease.     

The associations between birthweight and adult markers of liver damage and function

Evidence suggesting an effect of fetal growth on liver development and function stems from both animal and human studies. The association of birthweight with adult markers of liver damage and function was examined in a random sample of 2101 British women aged 60-79 years. Age-adjusted natural logged levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) decreased linearly across increasing thirds of birthweight. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher in women of the lowest third of the birthweight distribution compared with other women. No evidence was found for associations of birthweight with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and albumin. After full adjustment for social class, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, an increase in one standard deviation of birthweight (691 g) was associated with a 2% ([95% CI 0%, 4%], P = 0.021) decrease in the geometric mean of ALT, a 4% decrease in GGT ([95% CI 1%, 6%], P = 0.008) and a 2% decrease in ALP ([95% CI 0%, 3%], P = 0.001). Associations of birthweight with ALT and GGT, but not with ALP, were attenuated when adjusting for components of the metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest that factors affecting intrauterine growth may increase the propensity for adult liver damage. The attenuation of associations with adjustment for components of the metabolic syndrome is in line with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, indicated by elevated ALT and GGT, being the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, and of the influence of perinatal factors on this syndrome.     

Serum liver function profiles in coking workers

Coking workers are regularly exposed to coke oven emissions (COE), which consist mainly of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. In a previous cross-sectional study, we found that coking and by-product workers with heavy exposure to COE in the older of two coke operation areas in Taiwan had higher serum activities of hepatic aminotransferase than the controls. In this study, we further examine the relationship of exposure to COE with liver function profiles in coking workers. Liver function profiles included serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (BIL). The exposed group included 88 workers working 3 months or more in the older coke oven plant. Fifty-nine referents, not visiting the coke operation areas in the last 3 months, came from the administrative area in the same company. Each participant wore a personal monitor that was used to measure benzene soluble fraction (BSF) of total particulates, as a surrogate of COE, for 3 consecutive days between August 1995 and February 1996. Serum liver function profiles, hepatitis B surface antigens, and anti-hepatitis C antibodies were examined in the morning following the exposure measurements. Exposure levels were categorized by exposure situations (high, medium, low) among coking workers. The high exposure group (n = 23) worked topside of the oven. The medium exposure group (n = 44) worked at the sideoven for more than 4 hr/day, whereas the low exposure group (n = 21) worked at the sideoven for less than 4 hr/day and mostly remained in the control rooms. The low exposure group was used as an internal comparison group. The median BSF concentrations for various exposure situations were as follows, high exposure group: 372 μg/m³, medium exposure group: 61 μg/m³, low exposure group: 49 μg/m³, and referents: 10 μg/m³. The coking workers (n = 88) did not significantly differ from the referents (n = 59) in any of the liver function profiles. Excluding the referents, workers in the high exposure group had a mean AST level that was 31% higher (95% confidence interval (CI) = 9–57%) and a mean ALT level that was 46% higher (95%CI = 7–98%) than those in the low exposure group after adjusting for appropriate confounders in multivariate models. The prevalence of an abnormal hepatocellular pattern (AST > 37 IU/L or ALT > 39 IU/L) was more common in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group (adjusted odds ratio = 4.4; 95% CI = 0.9–22.6). However, these associations were not found in GGT, ALP, or BIL. After controlling for the possible effects of nonoccupational factors on serum activity of AST and ALT, we conclude that increased AST and ALT levels among topside coking workers may be caused by heavy inhalation exposure to COE. Additionally, the adverse hepatic effect seems to be caused by a mixture of hazards, rather than a unique identifiable chemical. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:478–486, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

肝脏酶谱诊断肝病在临床的应用

目的 探讨肝脏酶谱在诊断肝病中的应用价值.方法 对270例不同肝病患者进行血清肝脏酶谱酶活性的鉴定,并将其与108例非肝病患者的肝脏酶谱进行分析,观察不同肝病患者的肝脏酶谱与非肝病患者有无明显区别.结果 肝病患者的血清肝脏酶谱均出现增高,不同疾病的肝脏酶谱增高幅度不同,与非肝脏疾病的患者相比,差异无统计学意义,其中,急性肝炎的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶( AST)为(356.28±162.54) U/L,肝硬化碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和谷酰转肽酶(GGT)分别为(87.38±90.46)U/L和(109.21±73.64)U/L,肝癌的ALP和GGT分别为(110.24±109.41)U/L和(138.44±46.26)U/L,乙醇性肝炎GGT、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和AST分别为(157.35±68.38)U/L、(89.34±59.52) U/L和(78.66±61.64)U/L,其他肝病的ALP及GGT和ALP与非肝病患者相比,差异有统计学意义.结论 肝脏酶谱在肝病的临床诊断和治疗中有很大的临床应用价值.     

社区人群血清肝酶水平与糖代谢异常的相关性

目的探讨社区人群血清肝酶水平与糖耐量、胰岛素抵抗及胰岛分泌功能的相关性。方法对南京市三个社区的20岁及以上常住居民进行糖尿病筛查,并测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT),合格研究对象共5 375人,平均年龄58.3±9.4岁,正常糖耐量(NGT)3 010人、糖调节受损(IGR)1 707人,新诊糖尿病(DM)658人。利用稳态模式法计算HOMA_IR和HOMA_%B。结果非条件Logistic回归分析显示,随着ALT、GGT水平的升高,IGR、DM的患病风险均逐渐增加(P均<0.001),而AST水平与IGR、DM的患病风险无统计学关联(P均>0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,随着ALT、GGT水平升高,HOMA_IR的平均水平均逐渐升高(标准化回归系数β分别为0.12和0.1,P均<0.001)。随着ALT水平升高,HOMA_%B的平均水平逐渐升高(β=0.05,P=0.003)。未发现GGT与HOMA_%B间存在线性趋势(β=-0.04,P=0.25)。结论ALT或GGT水平升高可能成为IGR、DM的早期预测指标。     

胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用

目的:研究胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物(CPCC)对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法:将小鼠随机分成正常、模型和胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物三组,正常组与模型组灌胃蒸馏水,CPCC组灌胃CPCC水溶液(Cr3+40μg/kg?d),灌胃4w后模型组和CPCC组腹腔注射四氧嘧啶造模,测定小鼠肝指数及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,测定肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时观察肝组织病理变化。结果:CPCC组可以非常显著地降低造模后小鼠肝指数及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。肝匀浆SOD、GSH-Px活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著下降,肝细胞损伤明显减轻。结论:CPCC对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤有保护作用。     

Influence of alcohol on the behavior of dose and effect indicators in workers exposed to inorganic lead: unexpected behavior of ZPP]

A study was carried out on 65 male workers heavily exposed to lead in the ceramic tile manufacturing industry in order to assess the effects of alcohol on the biological indicators of lead (PbB, ALA-D, ALA-U, ZPP). All subjects selected for the study had PbB levels greater than or equal to 60 micrograms/dl, normal levels of serum iron and no haemoglobin disorders. The subjects were divided into three groups according to alcohol intake checked by anamnestic investigation, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values and liver function parameters, as follows: Group A--27 subjects, controls, with daily alcohol intake less than 80 ml, MCV less than or equal to 95 mu 3, normal GGT, AST and ALT levels; Group B--20 subjects, heavy drinkers, with daily alcohol intake greater than or equal to 80 ml, MCV greater than 95 mu 3, occasionally high GGT, but normal AST and ALT values; Group C--18 subjects, heavy drinkers, with daily alcohol intake greater than or equal to 80 ml, MCV greater than 95 mu 3, abnormal GGT, AST and ALT levels. The length of lead exposure did not significantly differ in the three groups. The well-known effects of ethanol intake on PbB, ALA-D and ALA-U values were confirmed, with the following mean values in the three groups: Group A: PbB = 66.0 (micrograms/dl), ALA-D = 10.3 (mU/ml r.c.), ALA-U = 8.4 (mg/l); Group B: PbB = 68.3 (micrograms/dl), ALA-D = 6.7 (mU/ml r.c.), ALA-U = 9.1 (mg/l); Group C: PbB = 71.5 (micrograms/dl), ALA-D = 4.6 (mU/ml r.c.), ALA-U = 12.7 (mg/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

ADH1C*2 allele is associated with alcohol dependence and elevated liver enzymes in Trinidad and Tobago.

Variants in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes differ between ethnic groups and have, in some studies, been found to be associated with alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease. This study sought to determine whether an association exists between ADH (ADH1C previously ADH3, ADH1B*2 previously ADH2*2) genotypes, alcohol dependence, drinking history, and liver function tests in the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago (TT). One hundred and forty-five alcohol-dependent individuals of both East Indian (Indo-TT) and African (Afro-TT) ancestry, and 108 controls matched by age, sex, and education participated in the study. Serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) as well as presence of HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen, and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody were determined. There was a significant difference in the distribution of ADH1C allele polymorphisms between the ethnic groups (P<.0001). Forty-three percent of the Indo-TT were found to have one ADH1C*2 allele and 5% were homozygous, whereas, only 23% of Afro-TT had one allele and one was homozygous. Only three individuals had an ADH1B*2 allele (one Indo-TT alcohol dependent, two Indo-TT controls). The ADH1C*2 allele was significantly associated with alcohol dependence overall and within Indo-TT ancestry, however, it was not associated with current or heaviest alcohol consumption levels. Individuals with at least one ADH1C*2 allele also had significantly elevated levels of ALP (P<.02) and GGT (P<.02) as compared to individuals homozygous for ADH1C*. Additionally, GGT levels were also found to be elevated (P<.02) within Indo-TT alcohol dependents with at least one ADH1C*2 allele but not within the Afro-TT alcohol dependents with that allele. A linear regression that included alcohol dependence and levels of alcohol consumption confirmed that levels of serum GGT were significantly associated with the ADH1C*2 genotype. These results suggest that ADH1C polymorphisms are associated with alcohol dependence and alcohol associated elevations of liver enzymes in a population with a low frequency of ADH1B2 alleles.     

血清GGT与ALP联合检测对无症状继发性胆总管结石诊断价值的临床研究

目的探讨GGT与ALP联合检测对无症状继发性胆总管结石诊断的临床价值。方法收集1 060例胆道结石病患者的临床资料,根据是否合并无症状继发性胆总管结石,分为观察组和对照组。计数资料采用X²检验;计量资料采用独立样本t检验,并采用ROC曲线求取最佳诊断界值所对应的灵敏度、特异度等诊断学指标。比较两组肝功能指标(ALT、AST、GGT、ALP、TBil、DBil),评价各指标的临床意义。结果观察组患者血清GGT(159.72±40.28)、ALP(176.45±43.17)含量明显高于对照组GGT(36.07±10.38)和ALP(137.98±38.19)水平(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示:GGT、ALP、GGT+ALP的曲线下面积分别为0.909、0.670、0.927,灵敏度分别为92.6%、68.2%、94.1%,特异度分别为86.9%、60.1%、87.5%;GGT、ALP临界值分别为98.5U/L、152.5U/L。两组患者血清AST、ALT、TBil及DBil的比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论血清GGT及ALP的联合检测对无症...     

3种生物因素对常见血清酶活性影响的探讨

目的了解酒精、食物、运动3种生物因素对血清酶活性的影响。方法抽取研究对象在饮酒、饮食、运动前后的血液，分剐检测其谷丙转氨酶(ALT）、谷草转氨酶(ASD、r-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT）、碱性磷酸酶(AUP)、肌酸激酶(CK）、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH）6种血清酶的活性值，研究其前后变化。结果饮酒后GGT、AST、ALT、CK均有明显上升，上升幅度分别为90．4％、25．0％、24.3％、15．0％；饮食后AST、ALT、ALP有明显上升，上升幅度分别为22．8％、13．5％、14．1％；运动后CK、AST、LDH有明显上升，上升幅度分剐为103．8％、46.3％、29．4％。结论3种生物因素均可引起血清酶活性的改变，不同因素引起改变的酶有所不同．其程度亦有差异。