Preliminary study of effects and mechanisms of Qingpeng paste on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Qingpeng paste (QP) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. METHOD: CIA was established in female Wistar rats with injection of type II bovine collagen at the base of the tail of animals. CIA rats were treated daily with external administration of different doses of QP or voltaren beginning on the day after the onset of arthritis (day 1) until day 20. Paw swelling rate and the serum levels of IL-1 beta were determined. Moreover, the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-alpha and histopathological changes in the arthritic joints were also observed. RESULT: QP markedly suppressed the paw swelling rate of arthritic rat, reduced the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-alpha in synovial membrane. Histopathological changes in the arthritic joints were also significantly ameliorated in the QP-treated versus vehicle-treated rats. However, the elevated serum levels of IL-1 beta in arthritic rats were not influenced by QP. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate the protective property of QP on collagen-induced arthritis, mechanisms underlying it may be related to reduce the expression of IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha in synovial membrane.     

Suppression of the onset and progression of collagen-induced arthritis in rats by QFGJS, a preparation from an anti-arthritic Chinese herbal formula

QFGJS is an herbal preparation, and its pronounced effectiveness in treating adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) has been previously demonstrated. We herein aimed to confirm its anti-arthritic effect on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. CIA was established in female Wistar rats with intradermal injection of type II bovine collagen at the base of the tail of animals. CIA rats were treated daily with oral administration of different doses of QFGJS beginning on the day of the induction of arthritis (day 0, the prophylactic treatment) or on the day after the onset of arthritis (day 13, the therapeutic treatment) until day 30. The results showed that prophylactic treatment with QFGJS significantly suppressed the onset of arthritis, and therapeutic treatment with QFGJS markedly reduced paw swelling and ESR levels even in the established CIA. Radiologic and histopathologic changes in the arthritic joints were also significantly reduced in the QFGJS-treated versus vehicle-treated rats. Moreover, the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 were markedly lowered in the QFGJS-treated rats. Hence, our studies demonstrate the quality, safety, and effectiveness of QFGJS as an anti-arthritic agent, which makes QFGJS a strong candidate for further clinical trials on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.     

腺苷受体拮抗剂—咖啡因对CIA大鼠针刺抗炎作用的影响

目的:探讨腺苷受体非特异性拮抗剂咖啡因对针刺治疗CIA大鼠抗炎作用的影响。方法:采用牛Ⅱ型胶原、完全弗氏佐剂混合乳剂诱导大鼠关节炎,选取造模成功的CIA大鼠40只,随机分成生理盐水针刺组(针刺"足三里"、"三阴交")、咖啡因组(咖啡因腹腔注射)、咖啡因针刺组(针刺加咖啡因注射)和生理盐水对照组,每组10只,每日针刺结束后立即腹腔注射给药,连续干预21天。于干预前后记录CIA大鼠的足趾肿胀度、体重;干预后检测大鼠血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)、血清肿瘤坏死因子因子-α(TNF-α)、大鼠膝关节滑膜TNF-α蛋白表达水平,用以评价各组大鼠炎症情况。结果:①针刺组大鼠足趾肿胀度、血清MIF、TNF-α和膝关节滑膜的TNF-α蛋白表达水平明显低于其余各组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);体重明显高于其余各组(P0.05)。②咖啡因针刺组与咖啡因组与生理盐水对照组比较有明显差异(P0.05),血清MIF、TNF-α和膝关节滑膜的TNF-α的水平明显高于两组。结论:非特异性腺苷受体拮抗剂咖啡因加重了CIA大鼠的炎症并抑制了针刺对CIA大鼠的抗炎作用,推测针刺抗炎存在腺苷相关的调节机制。     

Suppressive effects of Chelidonium majus methanol extract in knee joint, regional lymph nodes, and spleen on collagen-induced arthritis in mice

Chelidonium majus L. has multiple applications in Korean traditional medicine because of its anti-tumoral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities and has long been known to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, no study on the anti-arthritic activity of Chelidonium majus has been reported in vivo. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation characterized by hyperplasia of synovial cells in affected joints, which ultimately leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Cytokine production and gene expression were assessed during CIA (collagen-induced arthritis) model mice in knee joint, lymph node (LN), and spleen, using ELISA and competitive RT-PCR. DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with CME orally at 400, 40mg/kg once a day for 4 weeks. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Administration of CME significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in spleen and lymph node. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with CME. In conclusion, our results demonstrates that CME significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and that this action was characterized by the decreased production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, B cells, gammadelta T cells (in spleen) and increased proportion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in vivo. In the serum of CME-treated mice, the levels of IgG and IgM RA factor were decreased.     

Suppressive effects of a water extract of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on collagen-induced arthritis in mice

Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) has long been known to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation and bone resorption. Therefore, this study was undertaken to address (1) whether the water extract of the bark of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) (UD) can modulate the expression of inducible inflammatory cytokines in mice; (2) in order to assess the therapeutic effects of UD in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with UD orally at 100mg/kg once a day for 3 weeks. Paws were evaluated macroscopically for redness, swelling and deformities. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the ankle were examined. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Administration of UD significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the paws. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with UD. In the serum of UD-treated mice, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokines, were increased. From the results, it was concluded that administration of UD has therapeutic effects on CIA including protection of cartilage and RA for a potential therapy.     

针刺对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠胃肠动力的影响

目的：利用制备的胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)大鼠模型,探讨针刺足三里对CIA大鼠胃肠动力的影响。方法：将60只12周龄雄性大鼠随机分为4组：正常组、模型组、电针组、手针组,每组15只,建立牛Ⅱ型胶原与不完全弗氏佐剂诱导CIA大鼠模型。电针组和手针组于造模完成后第1天取足三里穴治疗,15 min/次,1次/d,连续治疗14 d。在3 d, 7 d, 14 d时,采用跖围法测大鼠跖围长度,并在治疗14 d后,用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察膝关节的病理学变化,计算大鼠的胃排空率和肠推进率,结肠蠕动波测定方法检测大鼠的肠蠕动波次数,通过蛋白质免疫印迹法检测胃黏膜中促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)的表达。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠跖关节肿胀明显(P<0.01),软骨组织破坏严重并有炎症细胞浸润,胃排空率和肠推进率均降低(P<0.01),胃黏膜中CRF和VIP表达明显增多(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,针刺后大鼠跖关节肿胀程度明显降低(P<0.05),软骨破坏程度减轻和炎症细胞浸润明显减少,胃排空率和肠推进率提升(P<0.05),肠蠕动波次...     

针刺对胶原性关节炎Cx43基因敲除鼠血清TNF-α的影响

目的 探讨针刺对胶原性关节炎(Ⅱcollagen-induced arthritis,CIA)模型Cx43基因敲除小鼠治疗作用的途径及分子机制.方法 用牛Ⅱ型胶原免疫野生型(Cx43+/+)及杂合型(Cx43+/-)小鼠,诱导关节炎建立CIA模型,初次免疫后第3周开始针刺治疗,观察其发病程度及外周血血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的变化.结果 针刺降低Cx43+/+ CIA小鼠关节炎指数和外周血TNF-α比Cx43+/- CIA小鼠明显(P<0.01).结论 针刺疗效与Cx43有关,通过缝隙连接蛋白起作用;抑制胶原性关节炎小鼠血清中的TNF-α;可能是其治疗类风湿关节炎的作用机制之一.     

The effect of da-fang-feng-tang on treatment of type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice.

Da-Fang-Feng-Tang (DFFT), which is believed to be effective for treating human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was given to DBA/1 mice at the onset of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) to examine its effect. Granules of the crude DFFT extract were administered by gastric gavage at a dose of 1.6 g/kg/day for 12 weeks, starting the day CIA began. The levels of anticollagen IgG antibody were significantly decreased in the sera of the DFFT-treated group compared with the control group from weeks 2 to 7 after the onset of CIA. The severity of arthritis in the DFFT-treated group was markedly alleviated when compared with the control group. In addition, histological examination of the DFFT-treated group showed less cartilage and bone erosion. These results suggest that administration of DFFT suppressed the development of CIA in mice and support the belief that DFFT is effective in treating human RA.     

雷公藤甲素配伍甘草酸对CIA大鼠血清TNF-α,IL-10的影响

目的：观察雷公藤甲素与甘草酸配伍对CIA模型大鼠关节肿胀和血清TNF-α,IL-10水平的影响。方法：使用Ⅱ型胶原诱导出成功的关节炎模型大鼠60只,并随机分为模型组、雷公藤甲素组、甘草酸组、雷草1组、雷草2组和雷草3组,另设空白组。以关节炎指数和关节肿胀度作为疗效评判标准,并采用ELISA方法检测大鼠血清中抗Ⅱ型胶原抗体,TNF-α和IL-10的水平。结果：经雷公藤甲素配伍甘草酸治疗后,模型大鼠的关节炎指数和关节肿胀度均显著下降(P＜0.01),血清中抗Ⅱ型胶原抗体和TNF-α水平显著下降,而IL-10水平显著升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)。结论：甘草酸配伍雷公藤甲素治疗CIA,可以在保持疗效的前提下减少雷公藤甲素的用量。     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠胶原免疫性关节炎及佐剂性关节炎黏膜免疫功能影响的对比研究

目的观察雷公藤多甙对大鼠胶原免疫性关节炎（collagen-Ⅱ induced arthritis,CIA）及佐剂性关节炎（adjuvant arthritis,AA）黏膜免疫功能的影响。方法分别以Ⅱ型胶原加完全弗氏佐剂和完全弗氏佐剂单独致炎免疫大鼠造成CIA和AA模型,以雷公藤多甙治疗,观察大鼠黏膜、全身免疫指标（外周血T细胞亚群）以及关节局部炎症因子（IL-6、TNF—α、COX-2和NF-κB等）的变化。结果CIA模型组派伊尔结（Peyer’s patch,PP）CD4^＋、血中CD4^＋、CD8^＋均升高;AA模型组PPCD4^＋降低,CD8^＋升高,血中的CD4^＋,CD8^＋均升高。雷公藤对两模型组的PP和血中T细胞亚群存在不同影响。两种模型大鼠关节可见高水平IL-6、TNF—α、COX-2和NF—κB表达,雷公藤多甙可以抑制这些炎症介质的表达。结论两种关节炎模型在黏膜免疫反应方面及雷公藤多甙对这两种模型的影响存在异同。     

氧化苦参碱对胶原蛋白诱导大鼠关节炎症及T细胞亚群的影响

 目的 观察氧化苦参碱（oxymatrine,OMT）对Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导的关节炎（collagen induced arthritis,CIA）大鼠关节炎症及T细胞亚群的影响。方法 将SD大鼠分为6组,正常对照组,模型对照组,雷公藤多苷片组以及OMT高、中、低剂量组,除正常对照组,其他5组建立大鼠胶原蛋白诱导的关节炎模型,自加强免疫后第1天分别灌胃给药4周,末次给药后取血,流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群,ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-1β;取关节滑膜4%多聚甲醛固定,观察滑膜病理改变情况。结果 与模型组相比,OMT能降低关节炎指数评分(P<0.05),降低CD4⁺T细胞水平(P<0.05),升高CD8⁺T细胞水平 (P<0.05),CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值降低(P<0.05),使促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β水平下调(P<0.01)。形态学观察OMT对滑膜细胞增殖有显著抑制作用。结论 OMT通过调节T细胞及细胞因子水平而发挥对类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用。
     

电针“足三里”“三阴交”穴对胶原性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞分泌功能的影响

目的:观察电针"足三里"三阴交"对胶原性关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis,CIA)大鼠的治疗作用,并探讨该疗法调节CIA大鼠滑膜细胞分泌功能的部分机制。方法:36只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和电针治疗组。模型对照组和电针治疗组采用牛Ⅱ型胶原在大鼠背部正中线作多点皮内注射诱发CIA模型。电针治疗组选取"足三里"三阴交"穴进行电针刺激,频率2Hz,强度2mA,时间30min,连续治疗30d。处理前后分别观察CIA大鼠足跖肿胀度、痛阈;采用ELISA法检测大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞培养上清液中前列腺素E2(PGE2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平。结果:模型对照组大鼠足跖肿胀度,滑膜细胞培养上清中PGE2浓度和TNF-α、IL-1β含量均高于正常对照组大鼠,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),痛阈低于正常对照组大鼠,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型对照组比较,电针治疗组大鼠足跖肿胀度减小,痛阈升高,关节滑膜细胞培养上清中PGE2浓度下降,TNF-α和IL-1β含量降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:电针"足三里"三阴交"穴对胶原性关节炎大鼠具有良好的治疗作用,该作用可能与抑制关节滑膜细胞的分泌功能有关。     

The anti-arthritic effects of synthetic melittin on the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis model in rats

Bee venom (BV) has been used for millennia in Chinese traditional medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its components and mechanism remain unclear, which has hampered its development and application for the treatment of RA. In this study, we examined the anti-arthritis effects of melittin, which composes nearly 50% of the dry weight of whole BV, on the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced (CFA-induced) RA model in rats. The RA animal models were treated with solutions of BV, melittin, and saline by injection into a specific acupoint (Zusanli). The BV and melittin treatments statistically diminished the thickness of the arthroses in the injected side of the paw, compared to the saline treatment. Melittin therapy also significantly reduced arthritis-induced nociceptive behaviors, as assessed by the thermal hyperalgesia test. In addition, CFA-induced Fos expression in the superficial layer of the lumbar spinal cord was significantly suppressed by the BV and melittin treatments, compared to the saline treatment. These results indicate that melittin is an effective anti-arthritis component of whole bee venom, making it a promising candidate as an anti-arthritis drug.     

Effects and mechanisms of total glucosides of paeony on synoviocytes activities in rat collagen-induced arthritis

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of TGP, an active compound extracted from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, on the activities of synoviocytes in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and its possible mechanisms. CIA was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats immunized with chicken type II collagen (CII) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Synoviocytes proliferation was determined by 3-(4, 5-2dimethylthiazal-2yl) 2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in synoviocytes were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). E-prostanoid (EP)(2) and EP(4) receptors were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that TGP significantly inhibited the proliferation of synoviocytes, decreased the production of IL-1, TNF-alpha and PGE(2) and elevated the levels of cAMP. Further study showed that TGP could up-regulate the expression of EP(2) and EP(4). These results indicated that TGP might exert its anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in synoviocytes of CIA rats, which might be associated with its ability to regulate cAMP-dependent EP(2)/EP(4)-mediated pathway.     

全蝎蜈蚣对胶原免疫性关节炎大鼠的关节损伤改善作用

目的:观察全蝎蜈蚣对胶原免疫性关节炎大鼠的病理损伤改善作用。方法:大鼠随机分成6组:正常对照组、模型对照组、全蝎蜈蚣高、中、低剂量组和Ⅱ型胶原蛋白治疗组(CⅡ组),全蝎蜈蚣高中低剂量组分别给予全蝎蜈蚣混悬液0.4g/kg、0.2g/kg、0.1g/kg灌胃、CⅡ组予Ⅱ型胶原蛋白冻干粉60μg/kg灌胃;正常对照组和模型对照组分别用等容积生理盐水灌胃,连续给药40d。采用Ⅱ胶原蛋白诱导大鼠关节炎,同时就大鼠体重、关节疼痛评分、病理损伤评分及病理形态学改变进行观察。结果:在第三周后全蝎蜈蚣高中剂量(0.4g/kg、0.2g/kg)组大鼠体重明显高于模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05),第15天以后各剂量组(0.4g/kg、0.2g/kg、0.1g/kg)即可缓解CIA大鼠的关节疼痛,其疼痛评分明显低于模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05),且治疗组病理形态学可见关节软骨破坏程度减轻,少量炎细胞浸润,滑膜细胞增生,伴有纤维结缔组织增生,其病理损伤评分也明显低于模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:全蝎蜈蚣药对可有效抑制CIA大鼠关节疼痛,促进体重增长和病理性损伤修复。     

加味独活寄生汤对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠关节炎症的影响

目的:观察加味独活寄生汤对Ⅱ型胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)大鼠关节炎症的影响。方法:SPF级雄性SD大鼠90只,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、来氟米特治疗组、加味独活寄生汤高、中、低剂量组共6组。除正常对照组6只,于大鼠尾根部每只0.2mg im胶原乳剂制成关节炎大鼠模型,造模后,每组选择造模成功的大鼠分别6只,来氟米特组按10 mL·kg-1给予来氟米特ig,加味独活寄生汤高、中、低剂量组按44,22,11 g·kg-1给予加味独活寄生汤ig,对照组ig相同体积的蒸馏水,每天1次,连续12周。分别观察治疗后0,2,4,6,8,10,12周大鼠体质量、关节炎症指数(AI)、足爪指标、关节病理变化情况。结果:与模型组比较,加味独活寄生汤高、中、低剂量组与来氟米特组对关节炎大鼠AI有显著改善作用,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);各治疗组较模型组体质量、足爪均有显著改善(P<0.05,P<0.01);对踝关节软骨病理改善方面,高剂量组与模型组比较有改善。结论:加味独活寄生汤对CIA大鼠关节炎症有明显改善作用,是治疗类风湿关节炎的有效方剂。     

Moxibustion at mingmen reduces inflammation and decreases IL-6 in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of moxibustion (MOX) treatment at the GV4 and CV12 acupoints, and to determine the correlations between MOX treatment and interleukin (IL)-6 and corticosterone levels in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. CIA mice were immunized twice intradermally over a 3-week interval with bovine type II collagen. After the second immunization (day 21), MOX was applied to the mouse equivalent of the GV4 and CV12 acupoints with a 1mg moxa cone five times/day. Clinical symptoms of CIA were observed three times/week until day 35. The concentrations of IL-6 and corticosterone in the blood samples were measured by immunoassay kits. At day 35, the incidence of CIA was significantly decreased in mice treated with MOX at the GV4 acupoint (78%, n=23, p<0.05), compared to untreated CIA mice (100%) and mice treated with MOX at the CV12 acupoint (100%). IL-6 and corticosterone levels were significantly increased by immunization. IL-6 levels significantly decreased in mice treated with MOX at the GV4 acupoint. These results suggest that MOX treatment suppressed CIA at the GV4 acupoint, not at the CV12 acupoint, possibly through inhibition of IL-6 production.     

温化蠲痹方对CIA大鼠外周血Th_1/Th_2细胞平衡的影响

目的：观察中药温化蠲痹方对胶原诱导性关节炎（CIA）大鼠外周血Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响,探讨温化蠲痹方治疗CIA的作用机制。方法：采用牛Ⅱ型胶原乳剂于大鼠尾根部注射,建立CIA模型。随机分为模型组、MTX组、温化蠲痹方组,另设正常对照组,各组分别给药30天后,运用ELISA法检测各组大鼠外周血Th1/Th2细胞水平。结果：与模型组比较,中药组和MTX组大鼠关节炎指数（AI）评分明显降低（P=0.000）;与治疗前比较,中药组和MTX组大鼠AI评分均明显降低（P=0.006;P=0.009）。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠外周血IFN-γ/IL-4比值明显升高（P=0.000）;与模型组比较,中药组和MTX组大鼠外周血IFN-γ/IL-4比值明显降低（P值均为0.000）,两组之间比较差异无显著性（P=0.642）。结论：CIA大鼠外周血Th1/Th2细胞亚群失衡,恢复CIA大鼠外周血Th1/Th2细胞平衡可能是中药温化蠲痹方治疗CIA的作用机制之一。     

Regenerative effects of moxibustion on skeletal muscle in collagen-induced arthritic mice

In this study, we demonstrate that the direct application of moxibustion significantly enhances muscle regeneration in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Twelve Dilute Brown Non-Agouti (DBA)/1 J male mice were randomly divided into the following groups: intact control (n=4), CIA (n=4), and CIA with moxibustion treatment (CIA+moxi, n=4). Mice in the CIA and CIA+moxi groups were immunized twice via intradermal injections of bovine type II collagen (C II) at 3-week intervals. After the second injection, moxibustion was applied to the mouse equivalent of the BL24 and ST36 acupoints with a moxa cone five times/day, every other day (except Sundays), for 3 weeks (a total of 9 treatments were administered). Phospho-Erk1/2, myostatin, TFG-B1, and IGF-1 were analyzed using ELISA. Protein levels in skeletal muscle tissues of the hind limb were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Treatment with direct moxibustion led to a marked improvement in CIA and atrophy of individual muscle fibers. Collagen protein signaling in the muscle of the CIA group was stronger than the control and CIA+moxi groups. Myostatin protein expression, as determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining, were stronger in the CIA group compared with the control and CIA+moxi groups. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed that the CIA group had the strongest TGF-B1 protein signals among the three groups. However, in serum analysis the intact control group showed the strongest TGF-B1 protein signaling. RT-PCR analysis of the muscle tissues of the CIA+moxi group showed significant IGF-1 mRNA expression, and the most intense phospho-Erk1/2 protein signaling was detected in the muscle tissues of the CIA group via Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. These results confirm that the direct administration of moxibustion at Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) influences muscle regeneration in the CIA mouse model. Our results suggest that the establishment of the moxibustion mechanism will encourage the clinical application of moxi.     

艾灸对类风湿关节炎模型大鼠跖关节中细胞因子的影响

目的 观察艾灸"肾俞"、"足三里"对类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)模型大鼠跖关节中细胞因子的影响,为艾灸的局部抗炎免疫作用机制提供依据.方法 采用风、寒、湿环境因素结合弗氏完全佐剂的模型复制方法;将120只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、药物组、针刺组、艾灸组、CO2激光组六组,...