阻生尖牙牵引治疗前后上颌切牙牙根外吸收的锥形束CT分析

目的通过锥形束CT测量探讨阻生尖牙牵引治疗前后上颌切牙牙根外吸收的变化。方法选取2011年7月至2019年1月于南京医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的上颌尖牙阻生致切牙牙根外吸收的患者24例, 年龄(12.3±1.6)岁(10～14岁), 其中男性11例, 女性14例。将治疗前牙根发生外吸收的上颌切牙纳入吸收组(中切牙21颗, 侧切牙22颗), 以牙根未发生外吸收的同名上颌切牙为对照组(中切牙26颗, 侧切牙21颗)。对正畸治疗全部完成满1年的患者进行随访并拍摄锥形束CT, 随访到患者15例, 其中吸收组中切牙10颗、侧切牙12颗, 对照组中切牙16颗、侧切牙12颗。测量分析上颌切牙在牵引前(治疗前)、牵引后(阻生尖牙牵引到位时)及随访时(正畸治疗全部完成后1年)的牙根长度及牙体体积, 同时分析尖牙牵引期间(牵引前-牵引后)及随访期间(牵引后-随访时)牙根长度及牙体体积的变化量。结果牵引后吸收组和对照组中切牙和侧切牙牙根长度及牙体体积均显著小于同组牵引前(P<0.05)。除吸收组侧切牙牙体体积外, 随访时吸收组和对照组切牙牙根长度及牙体体积均显著小于同组牵引后(P<0.05)...     

高角Ⅱ类开(牙合)患者上下颌前牙根长及中切牙冠根形态的锥形束CT研究

目的 探讨高角Ⅱ类前牙开(牙合)患者的上下颌前牙牙根长度及中切牙冠根形态,为临床正畸治疗提供参考。方法 本研究已通过单位伦理委员会审查批准,并获得患者知情同意。对81例高角Ⅱ类患者（前牙开(牙合)40例、正常覆(牙合)41例）正畸治疗前的锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)图像进行分析,运用Dolphin软件对上下颌前牙的牙根长度以及中切牙冠根形态进行研究,并行统计学分析。结果 高角Ⅱ类开患者（开(牙合)组）与高角Ⅱ类正常覆患者（正常覆(牙合)组）的上颌尖牙和侧切牙牙根长度差异无统计学意义,但开(牙合)组上颌中切牙（11.12±1.37）mm、下颌中切牙（10.15±1.09）mm、下颌侧切牙（11.27±1.15）mm和下颌尖牙（12.81±1.48）mm的牙根长度均较正常覆(牙合)组短且差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;另一方面,开(牙合)组的上颌中切牙冠根成角（1.10°±3.62°）显著小于正常覆(牙合)组（4.53°±2.30°）（P<0.01）,而开(牙合)组的下颌中切牙冠根成角与正常覆(牙合)组的差异无统计学意...     

上颌尖牙-侧切牙唇侧易位的三维影像研究

目的应用锥形束CT(CBCT)研究上颌尖牙-侧切牙唇侧易位的三维特征。方法选取在南京医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊并由CBCT三维影像诊断为上颌尖牙-侧切牙唇侧易位的患者40例,共计涉及46颗尖牙,在三维图像上分析易位尖牙与邻牙的关系、易位的特征,将易位尖牙分成5类。结果唇侧易位上颌尖牙均为冠唇向倾斜,近远中向以近中倾斜(80.4%)为主。在相邻中切牙、侧切牙中,10颗(21.7%)中切牙发生牙根吸收,且均累及根中1/3,8颗(17.4%)侧切牙发生重度牙根吸收。易位尖牙以Ⅲ、Ⅳ类多见,分别占总数的23.9%、39.1%。尖牙长轴越接近水平,尖牙牙尖距离正中矢状面越近,距离牙合平面越远,中切牙的牙根吸收率也越高。结论 CBCT三维定位有助于准确判断易位尖牙的位置以及与邻牙的关系,为制定治疗方案提供指导。     

不同安氏错牙合畸形中切牙Collum角差异性锥形束CT分析

目的　通过锥形束CT（CBCT）影像测量比较成人不同安氏错牙合分类之间上下中切牙Collum角的差异性规律,为预防前牙骨开裂及骨开窗提供指导。方法　根据临床咬合检查分类,筛选2014—2016年就诊于西安交通大学附属口腔医院正畸科患者116例,其中安氏错牙合Ⅰ类30例、Ⅱ类1分类（Ⅱ1类）29例、Ⅱ类2分类（Ⅱ2类）27例、Ⅲ类30例。使用Invivo 5软件对CBCT图像进行三维定位,获得右侧上下中切牙正中矢状截面图,Auto CAD 2007软件测量牙冠长轴根方延长线与牙根长轴的夹角（Collum角,冠根角的补角）,再进行各组之间大小差异性单因素方差分析及Scheffe法多重比较。结果　不同安氏错牙合类型患者之间中切牙Collum角大小差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;安氏Ⅱ2类组上中切牙Collum角为（7.02 ± 1.83）°,显著大于其他错牙合类型;安氏Ⅱ1类下中切牙Collum角为（-2.25 ± 4.76）°,牙冠相对于牙根可偏唇侧,与其他错牙合类型组存在显著性差异;安氏Ⅲ类组下中切牙Collum角（8.15 ± 2.50）°,显著大于其他错牙合类型。结论　不同安氏错牙合类型上下中切牙Collum角差异显著,安氏Ⅱ2类上中切牙、安氏Ⅲ类下中切牙牙冠相对牙根偏舌侧,安氏Ⅱ1类下中切牙牙冠相对牙根偏唇侧,前牙内收或唇倾时应考虑该情况,以防牙根穿出骨皮质。     

上颌中切牙与尖牙同时阻生的临床特征分析

目的分析上颌中切牙与同侧尖牙同时阻生病例的临床特征。方法选择上颌中切牙与同侧尖牙同时阻生病例21例,分析上颌中切牙阻生类型与尖牙阻生情况,测量阻生侧及对侧侧切牙发育或萌出异常情况。结果与中切牙阻生同时发生的尖牙76.2%为唇侧阻生,其中完全易位与不完全易位占唇侧阻生尖牙的68.8%,尖牙唇侧阻生病例中侧切牙根远中倾斜和伴牙冠近中倾斜者占87.5%,尖牙唇侧或腭侧阻生病例中,出现锥形或过小等畸形侧切牙的比例分别为31.25%和40.00%。上颌中切牙与尖牙不同阻生类型患者,前牙反牙合比例都超过40%,且多为牙型反牙合。结论与中切牙阻生同时发生的尖牙阻生多为唇侧阻生,与中切牙阻生类型无关,与侧切牙根远中倾斜高度相关,尖牙完全易位与过小或锥形等畸形侧切牙有关。     

上颌埋伏前牙正畸治疗时机的初步探讨

目的 探讨上颌埋伏前牙正畸治疗的时机.方法 对17例20颗萌出道异常或牙根弯曲的上颌埋伏前牙摄片定位、拓展间隙后,在牙根未发育完成前进行闭合式牵引,治疗后测量埋伏牙和对侧同名牙牙根的相对长度,并采用PES（the pink esthetic score）指数对牵引后的埋伏牙进行牙龈软组织美学评价.结果 20颗埋伏前牙均牵引成功,牵引后中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙的牙根平均长度分别为（18.00±2.79） mm、（15.75±1.06） mm和（21.88±2.32） mm,略短于对侧同名牙[中切牙（20.25±1.56） mm、侧切牙（18.00±1.41） mm、尖牙（23.5±2.58） mm],牙龈软组织美学评分平均为10.65±2.68.结论 对某些萌出方向异常或牙根弯曲的埋伏牙在牙根未发育完成前进行闭合式开窗和正畸牵引可获得较好的治疗效果.     

露龈笑患者上颌前牙区牙槽骨形态的研究

目的 通过锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)扫描测量露龈笑患者上颌前牙区牙槽骨,探讨露龈笑患者的牙槽骨解剖特征,为微种植钉的植入提供参考.方法 选取63例临床表现露龈笑的成年患者,CBCT扫描并三维重建.在距离牙槽嵴顶4 mm、6 mm、8 mm高度的3个层面上分别测量上颌前牙区相邻两牙根间的近远中向、唇腭向骨质厚度及唇侧皮质骨厚度.结果 在相邻两牙之间,近远中向牙根间的距离随测量高度的增加逐渐增加(P<0.05).中切牙与侧切牙间的牙根间距离最小(P<0.05).两中切牙间唇腭向根间骨厚度最薄(P<0.05).中切牙与侧切牙间、侧切牙与尖牙间的根间骨厚度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).在相邻两牙之间,唇侧根间皮质骨厚度随测量高度增加而增加(P<0.05).两中切牙根间唇侧骨皮质最薄(P<0.05),侧切牙与尖牙间骨皮质厚度最厚(P<0.05).结论 牙根间近远中向骨厚度、唇腭向骨厚度和唇侧皮质骨厚度随高度增加而增加,且在侧切牙与尖牙间最厚.尖牙与侧切牙间的骨质区域可以考虑作为植入微种植钉的部位.     

替牙期骨性Ⅲ类患者上前牙牙槽骨形态及其影响因素

目的 评估替牙期骨性Ⅲ类患者上前牙区牙槽骨形态，并探讨其影响因素。方法 选取替牙期骨性Ⅲ类患者48例，基于治疗前的锥体束CT(CBCT)，测量上颌中切牙和侧切牙唇舌侧的牙槽骨厚度和高度，测量牙齿长度、前牙倾斜度、下颌平面角。结果 上颌中切牙舌侧牙槽骨厚度为(3.34±1.33)mm，上颌中切牙唇侧牙槽骨厚度为(1.24±0.51)mm，上颌中切牙舌侧牙槽嵴顶距釉牙骨质距离(1.30±0.89)mm，上颌侧切牙唇侧牙槽嵴顶距釉牙骨质距离(1.68±0.88)mm。上中切牙舌侧牙槽骨厚度、唇侧牙槽骨高度与切牙唇倾度负相关，上切牙唇侧牙槽骨厚度与牙齿长度和下颌平面角负相关。结论 替牙期骨性Ⅲ类患者上切牙唇侧牙槽骨较薄，附着高度较低，舌侧牙槽骨较厚、附着高度较高。上切牙牙槽骨形态与切牙唇倾度、牙齿长度、下颌平面角均有相关性。     

上颌切牙内收前后牙根及牙槽骨的变化

目的 通过锥形束CT（CBCT）测量并分析上颌前突患者上颌切牙内收治疗前后牙根及牙槽骨的变化。方法 选取2014年1月—2015年12月完成的正畸病例37例,其中男性17例,女性20例,平均14.5岁。所有患者拔除上颌双侧第一前磨牙且使用种植钉强支抗内收上颌切牙,通过头影测量获取上颌切牙内收角度、内收量及伸长量,使用NewTom NNT软件对CBCT数据进行多平面重建,调整冠状、轴向与矢状轴,选取通过切缘和根尖的牙齿长轴最长的矢状截面测量上颌切牙内收治疗前后牙根及牙槽骨的变化。结果 上颌前牙内收治疗前后,中切牙内收角度为12.92°±6.43°,内收量为（5.54±2.21） mm,伸长量为（0.60±0.95） mm,牙根吸收长度为（0.81±0.46） mm,牙根吸收率为6.80%±3.60%,切牙内收治疗前后牙根长度变化具有统计学差异（P<0.05）,治疗后唇侧牙槽骨高度降低量为（0.20±0.22）mm,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。牙根吸收率与上颌中切牙切端的水平向位移及根尖至唇侧皮质骨的距离具有相关性;唇侧牙槽骨高度变化量与上颌切牙内收角度的相关系数为0.354,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 上颌前突患者代偿性治疗后,上颌切牙产生了明显的牙根吸收,唇侧牙槽骨高度降低。牙齿移动量越大,或超出了牙槽骨的解剖限制和改建限度,容易导致牙根吸收。唇侧牙槽骨高度变化量与切牙内收角度呈负相关。     

上颌阻生尖牙牵引治疗后邻近切牙牙根吸收情况的研究

目的 分析上颌阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗后邻近切牙的牙根吸收情况及可能的相关因素。方法 选取上颌尖牙阻生且符合标准的43例患者,年龄10～23岁,共60颗上颌埋伏阻生尖牙。上颌阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗前后分别拍摄锥形束CT,分析阻生尖牙邻近切牙的牙根吸收程度,并对可能存在的相关因素进行分析。结果 上颌阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗后,上颌中切牙发生轻、中、重度牙根吸收的概率分别为71.7%、15.0%、13.3%,上颌侧切牙发生轻、中、重度牙根吸收的概率分别为48.3%、36.7%、15.0%,上颌中切牙与侧切牙牙根吸收严重程度存在差异(P<0.05)。位于腭侧及颌骨内、低位且靠近面中线的阻生尖牙,在正畸牵引治疗后,侧切牙牙根吸收程度较重(P<0.05)。低位阻生尖牙牵引治疗后,中切牙牙根吸收较重(P<0.05)。牵引时间较长时,中切牙牙根吸收程度较重(P<0.05)。治疗前已发生牙根吸收的切牙,在阻生尖牙牵引治疗后发生的牙根吸收程度较重(P<0.05)。结论 上颌侧切牙在阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗后,发生的牙根吸收程度较重。上颌阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗后,邻近切牙牙根吸收情况与阻生尖...     

Anterior tooth morphology and its effect on torque

This study was undertaken to determine the variation in crown-root angle (CRA) of the upper incisors and canines as well as the variation in their labial contour. In addition, the influence of the variability of the labial contour and of different bracket heights on torque was evaluated. Proximal radiographs were taken of 160 extracted maxillary teeth (81 incisors and 79 canines). They were digitized and analysed with Jasc Paint Shop Pro 7TM and Mathcad 2001 Professional. The incisal edge, the centre of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), and the root apex were digitized to define the crown and root long axis. For all teeth the CRA was measured. At several heights of the labial surface a tangent was determined, enabling measurement of the inclination of the labial surface.The CRA had great variability, ranging from 167 to 195 degrees for the canines (mean value 183 degrees) and from 171 to 195 degrees for the incisors (average 184 degrees). The mean inclinations of the labial surfaces for the incisors varied greatly. Between 4 and 4.5 mm from the incisal edge the standard deviations (SD) were the smallest and between 2 and 4.5 mm from the incisal edge the labial surface angle differed by approximately 10 degrees. For the canines the mean inclinations of the buccal surface also varied. This angle differed by around 10 degrees between 2 and 4.5 mm from the incisal edge, but the SD were much larger than for the incisors.It can be concluded that placement of a bracket on a tooth at varying heights, still within a clinically acceptable range, results in important differences in the amount of root torque.     

Biometry of width between labial transitional line angles in anterior teeth: an observational study

PURPOSEThe maximum width between the mesial and distal labial transitional line angles, described as “esthetic width” herein, could significantly influence the visual perception of the teeth and smile. This study aimed to conduct biometric research on esthetic width and to explore whether regular distribution exists in the esthetic width of human teeth.MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 4,264 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were measured using the Geomagic studio software program. The proportions of maxillary to mandibular homonymous teeth and proportions between the adjacent teeth were calculated. Bilateral symmetry and the correlation between the esthetic and mesiodistal widths were both accounted for during the measurement procedures.RESULTSThe mean esthetic widths were 6.773 ± 0.518 mm and 4.329 ± 0.331 mm for maxillary and mandibular central incisors, respectively, 5.451 ± 0.487 mm and 5.008 ± 0.351 mm for maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors, respectively, and 3.340 ± 0.353 mm and 5.958 ± 0.415 mm for maxillary and mandibular canines, respectively. Except for the mandibular canines, no significant difference in esthetic width was found among homonymous teeth from the same jaw. A high linear correlation was found between the esthetic and mesiodistal widths of the same tooth, except for the maxillary canines. Esthetic width proportions among different tooth categories showed some regular patterns, which were similar to those of the mesiodistal width.CONCLUSIONEsthetic width is regularly distributed among the teeth in the Chinese population. This could provide an important reference for anterior dental restorations and dimension recovery in esthetic reconstruction of anterior teeth.     

中重度慢性牙周炎上颌中切牙区解剖形态的锥形束CT测量分析

目的应用锥形束CT（CBCT）测量分析中重度慢性牙周上颌中切牙区牙槽骨的骨量和牙齿偏移度,为上颌中切牙区的种植治疗和方案制定提供解剖学依据。 方法选取2015年1月至2017年12月深圳爱康健口腔医院内150例中重度牙周炎患者的CBCT影像资料,测量共290颗上颌中切牙唇/腭侧骨壁厚度、牙槽骨骨宽/高度、骨内根长、牙体长轴和牙槽骨走行方向的夹角共7个项目,采用SPSS 19.0统计软件包对测量结果进行相关统计分析。 结果中重度慢性牙周炎上颌中切牙牙槽嵴顶处和根尖处的唇腭向骨厚度分别为（7.68 ± 0.78）mm和（8.52 ± 1.55）mm,牙槽骨高度平均为（18.35 ± 3.45）mm,骨内根长1/2处的唇侧和腭侧的骨壁厚度分别为（0.62 ± 0.45）mm和（3.18 ± 1.00）mm,牙体长轴与牙槽骨走行方向夹角的平均值为18.80° ± 5.46°。不同性别间对比测量结果,在牙槽嵴顶骨宽度和根尖区骨宽度处差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,男性优于女性。 结论中重度慢性牙周炎上颌中切牙的唇侧骨壁菲薄甚至缺如,骨量条件不理想,牙体长轴与牙槽骨偏移度明显,在制定种植方案时有必要充分利用CBCT了解骨量情况并评估解剖形态,为达到上颌中切牙种植效果长期美观、稳定的需求应有更多的考量。     

Anatomic crown width/length ratios of unworn and worn maxillary teeth in white subjects

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Dimensions of teeth have been available for a century. Some significant and clinically relevant aspects of dental esthetics, however, such as the crown width/length ratios, have not been presented in tooth morphology sources until recently. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomic crowns of 4 tooth groups (central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and first premolars) of the maxillary dentition with respect to width, length and width/length ratios and determine how these parameters are influenced by the incisal edge wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standardized digital images of 146 extracted human maxillary anterior teeth from white subjects (44 central incisors, 41 lateral incisors, 38 canines, 23 first premolars) were used to measure the widest mesiodistal portion "W" (in millimeters) and the longest inciso-cervical/occluso-cervical distance "L" (in millimeters). The width/length ratio "R" (%) was calculated for each tooth. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of W, L, and R for the different groups ("unworn" and "worn" subgroups, except for premolars). Multiple least significant difference range tests (confidence level 95%) were then applied to determine which means differed statistically from others. RESULTS: There was no influence of the incisal wear on the average value of W (width) within the same tooth group. The widest crowns were those of central incisors (9.10 to 9.24 mm) > canines (7.90 to 8.06 mm) > lateral incisors (7.07 to 7.38 mm). Premolars (7.84 mm) had similar width as canines and worn lateral incisors. The L-value was logically influenced by incisal wear (worn teeth were shorter than unworn teeth) except for lateral incisors. The longest crowns were those of unworn central incisors (11.69 mm) > unworn canines (10.83 mm) and worn central incisors (10.67 mm) > worn canines (9.90), worn and unworn lateral incisors (9.34 to 9.55 mm), and premolars (9.33 mm). Width/length ratios also showed significant differences. The highest values were found for worn central incisors (87%) and premolars (84%). The latter were also similar to worn canines (81%), which constituted a homogeneous group with worn lateral incisors (79%) and unworn central incisors (78%). The lowest ratios were found for unworn canines and unworn lateral incisors (both showing 73%). CONCLUSIONS: Along with other specific and objective parameters related to dental esthetics, average values for W (mesiodistal crown dimension), L (inciso-cervical crown dimension), and R (width/length ratio) given in this study for white subjects may serve as guidelines for treatment planning in restorative dentistry and periodontal surgery.     

Does the canine dental follicle cause resorption of permanent incisor roots? A computed tomographic study of erupting maxillary canines

We performed computed tomography (CT) on 107 children and adolescents aged 9-15 years with 176 unerupted maxillary canines (152 erupting ectopically and 24 erupting normally) to determine whether there is an association between widened dental follicles of the maxillary canines and resorption of the adjacent incisors during eruption. Contiguous axial (transverse) CT scans were obtained through the maxilla in the region of the canines. The width and shape of the dental follicles were recorded, as were any contacts between the follicles and the crowns of the maxillary canines and neighboring incisors. Fifty-eight lateral incisors (38%) and 14 central incisors (9%) had some type of root resorption. The position of the maxillary canine in relation to the root of the lateral incisor varied greatly, as did the width and shape of the canine dental follicle. Follicle width ranged from 0.5 mm to 7.0 mm. The mean +/- SD width of dental follicles was, on average, larger for the ectopically positioned canines (2.9 +/- 0.8 mm) than for the normally erupting canines (2.5 +/- 0.8 mm) (P < or = .01). We found that during eruption, the follicle of the erupting maxillary canine frequently resorbed the periodontal contours of adjacent permanent teeth but not the hard tissues of the roots. We concluded that the dental follicle did not cause root resorption of permanent teeth. Resorption of neighboring permanent teeth during maxillary canine eruption was most probably an effect of the physical contacts between the erupting canine and the adjacent tooth, active pressure during eruption, and cellular activities in the tissues at the contact points, all of which are part of the eruptive mechanism. The findings also confirm an association between root resorption of deciduous canines and the dental follicles of erupting permanent canines.     

上颌种植钉配合摇椅曲内收上前牙的位移趋势的三维有限元分析

目的通过改变摇椅曲的曲度和游离牵引钩的高度,分析使用种植钉配合摇椅曲整体内收前牙时该力学体系对磨牙压低作用的成因和力学机制。方法采用螺旋CT扫描,并用Mimics 10.0建模软件建立上牙列及其支持组织,以及不同曲度摇椅曲（5°、10°、15°、20°、25°）和不同高度牵引钩（2.1、4.0、5.5 mm）的三维有限元模型,施加1.5 N向后的内收力,分析上颌各牙齿的位移趋势。结果摇椅曲使切牙唇倾压低、远中直立和近中唇向扭转,尖牙唇倾升高、近中倾斜和近中唇向扭转,第二前磨牙和第一磨牙颊倾压低、远中直立和近中唇向扭转。随着摇椅曲曲度的增加,磨牙的位移趋势增加;但随着牵引钩高度的增加,磨牙的位移趋势减少。结论摇椅曲曲度增加,磨牙被压低的程度增加;游离牵引钩高度增加,磨牙被压低的程度降低。5°的摇椅曲配合5.5 mm的游离牵引钩,磨牙被压低的程度最小。     

Human ex vivo bone tissue strains around natural teeth vs. immediate oral implants

Purpose: To compare ex vivo bone tissue strains around natural teeth with immediate implants supporting unsplinted and splinted fixed prostheses. Material and methods: Six linear strain gauges were bonded on the labial marginal bone of bilateral maxillary anterior teeth in two fresh‐frozen human cadavers. The natural teeth were loaded in centric occlusion via an occlusal splint with integrated miniature load cells. Strain measurements were performed at a sample rate of 10 kHz and under a maximum load of 100 N, simultaneously monitored from a computer connected to data acquisition system. Upon extraction of the anterior teeth, Ø 4.1 mm and Ø 4.8 mm ITI^® dental implants were placed into sockets of incisors and canines, respectively. Installation torque value (ITV) of each implant was measured by a custom‐made torque wrench and resonance frequency analyses (RFA) were also undertaken. Strain measurements were performed for (1) single‐tooth implant restorations, (2) unilateral splinted anterior implants, and (3) bilateral splinted anterior implants. Finally, an autopolymerizing acrylic resin was injected into the implant sockets for simulation of osseointegration and strain measurements were performed. Results: Microstrains of all groups were statistically comparable (P>0.05), although lower strains were elicited for implants in sockets of incisors in comparison with natural teeth. Microstrains around canine implants were comparable or higher than those induced around natural canines. For all groups, microstrains around canines were higher than those around lateral (P<0.05) and central incisors (P<0.01), which had similar strain levels (P>0.05). The RFA values of implants were comparable. The ITVs of implants in sockets of lateral incisors and canines were similar and were higher than those of implants in central incisor regions. Conclusion: The labial marginal bone having no contact with immediate implants may experience strain gradients within physiologic levels due to deformation of bone under load. Although one prosthetic design does not seem to have clear advantages over another, splinting of implants may be considered as a safety measure for immediately loaded immediate implants, if possible.     

采用锥形束CT测量健康上前牙唇侧骨板形态及牙长轴倾角的变化

目的 采用锥形束CT（CBCT）图像数字化测量的方法,测量健康上前牙唇侧骨板厚度、釉牙骨质界（CEJ）到骨嵴顶距离及牙长轴倾角,并探讨可能的影响因素。方法 分析由Newtom VGI ^? CBCT机拍摄获得的345例CBCT影像,使用NNT软件分别在上颌中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙的正中矢状平面上测量CEJ下4 mm、根中点和根尖水平的唇侧骨板厚度,CEJ距骨嵴顶距离和牙长轴倾角,记录各牙位CEJ下4 mm水平唇侧骨板厚度≥1 mm的例数。结果 1）中切牙的牙长轴倾角,CEJ距骨嵴顶距离,CEJ下4 mm、根中点和根尖水平的骨板厚度均值分别为15.2°±6.2°、（1.5±1.0）mm、（0.8±0.4）mm、（0.6±0.4）mm和（1.3±0.7）mm;侧切牙和尖牙的上述5项测量值分别为16.2°±8.8°、（1.6±1.0）mm、（0.7±0.5）mm、（0.4±0.6）mm和（1.1±0.7）mm;19.0°±6.2°、（1.8±1.0）mm、（0.9±0.6）mm、（0.4±0.6）mm和（1.2±0.7）mm。2）345例患者中,中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙CEJ下4 mm水平骨板厚度≥1 mm者分别占28.3%、25.8%和42.7%。3）中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙CEJ到骨嵴顶距离与年龄高度相关,相关系数分别为0.42、0.50、0.62（P<0.01）。结论 健康上前牙唇侧骨板厚度较薄,CEJ到骨嵴顶距离随着年龄的增加而增加,牙长轴较牙槽突长轴舌倾,充分考虑这些特点有利于提高相关口腔治疗方案的安全性和预后。     

采用锥形束CT测量健康上前牙唇侧骨板形态及牙长轴倾角的变化

目的 采用锥形束CT（CBCT）图像数字化测量的方法,测量健康上前牙唇侧骨板厚度、釉牙骨质界（CEJ）到骨嵴顶距离及牙长轴倾角,并探讨可能的影响因素。方法 分析由Newtom VGI ^? CBCT机拍摄获得的345例CBCT影像,使用NNT软件分别在上颌中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙的正中矢状平面上测量CEJ下4 mm、根中点和根尖水平的唇侧骨板厚度,CEJ距骨嵴顶距离和牙长轴倾角,记录各牙位CEJ下4 mm水平唇侧骨板厚度≥1 mm的例数。结果 1）中切牙的牙长轴倾角,CEJ距骨嵴顶距离,CEJ下4 mm、根中点和根尖水平的骨板厚度均值分别为15.2°±6.2°、（1.5±1.0）mm、（0.8±0.4）mm、（0.6±0.4）mm和（1.3±0.7）mm;侧切牙和尖牙的上述5项测量值分别为16.2°±8.8°、（1.6±1.0）mm、（0.7±0.5）mm、（0.4±0.6）mm和（1.1±0.7）mm;19.0°±6.2°、（1.8±1.0）mm、（0.9±0.6）mm、（0.4±0.6）mm和（1.2±0.7）mm。2）345例患者中,中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙CEJ下4 mm水平骨板厚度≥1 mm者分别占28.3%、25.8%和42.7%。3）中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙CEJ到骨嵴顶距离与年龄高度相关,相关系数分别为0.42、0.50、0.62（P<0.01）。结论 健康上前牙唇侧骨板厚度较薄,CEJ到骨嵴顶距离随着年龄的增加而增加,牙长轴较牙槽突长轴舌倾,充分考虑这些特点有利于提高相关口腔治疗方案的安全性和预后。