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目的 研究适合升主动脉夹层的支架型血管，探讨支架型血管放置的合理途径和方法；观察支架型血管放置后模型动物的病理生理变化及评估临床腔内治疗升主动脉夹层的可行性。方法 以国产镍钛记忆合金和人造血管为材料制作支架型血管系统，以犬制作升主动脉夹层动物模型，通过输送器在透视下将支架型血管经主动脉弓的头臂分支动脉释放在模型犬升主动脉适当的集团内，使支架型血管覆盖犬升主动脉夹层模型的内膜撕裂处，使夹层内口封闭，再经髂股动脉在降主动脉起始段放置合适的裸支架一枚，用来纠正或预防夹层在远处的产生和蔓延。结果 7例实验动物升主动脉夹层模型均相当于DeBakeyⅡ型；7实验动物中有5例经右锁骨下动脉，1例经头臂干动脉（预先行右颈总动脉、主动脉弓人造血管临时性转流），1例经左锁骨下动脉途径送入输送系统；支架型血管均准确迅速地旋转在升主动脉内，覆盖夹层内破口位置，即刻造影显示，无明确的主动脉瓣关闭不全影象，术后观察7例实验动物，2例由于失血过多等原因术后未能复苏外，另5例均于术后24h内复苏，3天内恢复正常饮食，观察期间内，神态、视听反射正常，四肢动脉搏动正常。术后第一周内尸检观察5只实验动物显示升主动脉内支架型血管完好，有1只支架型血管向远端移位约1cm，夹层内破口被支架型血管完好封闭。结论 此实验设计制作的国产支架型血管系统及选择的输送途径合理、可行；并主动脉夹层动物模型的制作有待进一步完善；选择合适的升主动脉夹层病例进行腔内修复治疗的临床应用应是安全、可行的，交给升主动脉夹层的临床治疗带来新的选择和希望。     

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目的 探讨支架型人工血管治疗主动脉夹层的临床效果。方法 2001年3月至2003年9月间，应用支架型人工血管治疗Ⅲ型夹层44例和Ⅰ型主动脉夹层1例。45例主动脉夹层共应用56个支架型人工血管行近侧内膜破口封堵，1例同时行远侧内膜破口手术关闭，1例远侧破口以分叉的支架型人工血管封闭。结果 所有病人均获得技术成功。围手术期死亡2例，1例术后12h后死于脑出血，1例术后10d死于假腔破裂；1例手术后半年死于细菌性心内膜炎。结论 支架型人工血管行Ⅲ型主动脉夹层和破口在降主动脉的Ⅰ型主动脉夹层破口封堵术较传统手术安全，其远期疗效需进一步观察。     

DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管腔内治疗

目的探讨血管腔内治疗DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法。方法对7例DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行血管腔内治疗。7例均行磁共振血管造影、CT和动脉造影检查确诊。内膜撕裂口均位于升主动脉,距冠状动脉开口2．5-6．0cm,距右头臂干开口0．5-4．0cm。2例通过左颈总动脉置入带膜支架,术前行左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉间内转流术以保证左颈总动脉血供。5例通过右股总动脉置入带膜支架,其中2例先行左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉-右颈总动脉人工血管旁路术。结果全组均手术成功。3例第1枚支架释放后仍有较多内漏,即再放入第2枚支架,交错重叠于第1枚支架内面而成功封闭撕裂口,消灭内漏。除1例术后1个月因急性上消化道大出血死亡外,其余6例存活。6例的假腔均有血栓形成,无内漏,无新的夹层动脉瘤形成。结论DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管腔内治疗是可行、微创和有效的。病例选择应注意撕裂口距冠状动脉开口的距离。     

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主动脉夹层是指主动脉腔内的血液从主动脉内膜撕裂口进入主动脉壁内 ,使主动脉壁的一部分掀起形成夹层 ,并沿主动脉纵轴扩展 ,形成主动脉壁层分离状态。尽管这是一种常见的主动脉病变 ,但确切发病率尚不清楚 ,据文献报道每年每 10 0万人中 5～ 10人发病[1 ] 。这类病人常因高压动脉血进入夹层假腔而使主动脉破裂致死 ,或者是夹层隔膜将动脉分支的开口阻塞引起肢体或重要器官急性缺血未经治疗的病人 ,约 2 1%于 2 4ｈ ,6 0 %于 2周 ,90 %于 3个月内死亡。近年来 ,随着内科治疗的进步 ,外科治疗材料和方法的改进 ,特别是血管腔内技术的崛起 ,…     

血管腔内治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨血管腔内治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤的技术方法和疗效。方法 对20例主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。Stanford A型2例,其中1例内膜撕裂口位于升主动脉。Stanford B型18例。5例在不同部位有2个以上撕裂口。全组均以带膜支架型人工血管腔内植入行隔绝术。其中1例加作腹主动脉开窗和人工血管置换术,1例先行升主动脉．左锁骨下动脉和左颈总动脉Y形人工血管旁路术,再行腔内隔绝术。结果 无一例患者术中死亡,术后3d 1例Stanford B型患者死于心肌梗死,其余19例健康存活,生存率95％。术后随访1—20个月,各例主动脉夹层和动脉瘤均消失,无内漏,各器官灌注良好。结论 血管腔内植入带膜支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤的简便、安全而有效的方法。手术死亡率低,手术成功率和生存率高。     

血管腔内治疗DeBakeyⅢ型动脉夹层动脉瘤（附15例报告）

目的 探讨带膜支架植入治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验。方法 我科1999年5月至2005年12月为15例DeBakeyⅢ型的主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者作血管腔内带膜支架植入治疗，并分析其临床资料。结果 15例病人共用带膜支架22个，手术技术成功率100％。6例患者术中出现内漏，植入第二枚支架后漏口封闭。1例术后3月复查发现支架移位，再植入带膜支架后治愈。3例术后死亡，死因为心律失常，呼吸功能衰竭。治愈12例，平均随访20个月。所有患者内膜破裂口全部完全封闭，假腔内血栓形成无内漏，假腔均明显缩小。结论 带膜支架血管腔植入术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤具有良好的近期疗效，长期效果还有待进一步的研究。     

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目的 开展血管腔内带膜支架植入治疗主髂动脉多撕裂口夹层动脉瘤的临床研究。方法 总结采用血管腔内多枚带膜支架植入治疗2例主髂动脉多撕裂口夹层动脉瘤的临床经验。结果 2例均从股动脉入路植入多枚带膜支架封闭主髂动脉多个撕裂口。其中1例同期植入3枚封闭3个撕裂口3另1例同期植入3枚封闭4个撕裂口，手术均获得成功。术后3个月及6个月复查示夹层动脉瘤均消失，假腔内血栓形成，无内瘘发生，病人均存活。结论 血管腔内多枚带膜支架同期植入治疗主髂动脉多撕裂口夹层动脉瘤是可行、安全和有效的。     

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目的 探讨主动脉夹层的临床表现及诊治方法。方法 搜集1999年8月至2006年4月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院血管外科诊治的80例主动脉夹层临床资料，分析其临床特点、影像学诊断、治疗方式及效果。结果 23例行开放性手术治疗，其中死亡3例（13．0％），均死于术后并发症；52例行覆膜支架人工血管腔内隔绝术，死亡1例（1．9％），因术后夹层破裂；术前死亡3例（3、8％）；放弃治疗2例。结论对主动脉夹层病人进行早期诊断并积极恰当的治疗是改善预后的关键。     

血管腔内治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤(附15例报告)

目的探讨带膜支架植入治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验.方法我科1999年5月至2005年12月为15例DeBakeyⅢ型的主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者作血管腔内带膜支架植入治疗,并分析其临床资料.结果15例病人共用带膜支架22个,手术技术成功率100%.6例患者术中出现内漏,植入第二枚支架后漏口封闭.1例术后3月复查发现支架移位,再植入带膜支架后治愈.3例术后死亡,死因为心律失常,呼吸功能衰竭.治愈12例,平均随访20个月,所有患者内膜破裂口全部完全封闭,假腔内血栓形成无内漏,假腔均明显缩小.结论带膜支架血管腔植入术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤具有良好的近期疗效,长期效果还有待进一步的研究.     

肾下主动脉夹层的腔内治疗

目的：探讨肾下主动脉夹层腔内修复治疗的效果与特点。方法：回顾性分析本科2004年1月至2010年11月期间15例以腔内修复为主治疗的肾下主动脉夹层。术前均通过MRA或CTA明确诊断。手术在DSA室进行,采用以腔内修复为主的方法进行治疗。病人术后1个月、3个月、6个月,以后每年于门诊进行随访。记录手术时间、出血量、总住院日数、随访时间和随访事件。结果：2例病人接受直管型移植物（支架型人工血管）植入;9例病人接受分叉型移植物植入;1例病人接受AUI型移植物植入、对侧髂动脉结扎加股-股人工血管旁路术;1例病人接受2枚直管型移植物植入、对侧髂动脉结扎加股-股人工血管旁路术;2例病人接受AUI型移植物植入,对侧髂动脉封堵器栓塞,加股-股人工血管旁路术。手术时间为（178±96）min,术中失血（152±103）mL,总住院时间为（11±5）d;随访时间（42±26）个月。1例病人6个月随访时发现存在少量内漏,随访24个月时假腔略有增大,但内漏消失;1例病人36个月时出现支架近端轻度移位,瘤腔未见扩大,未给予特殊处理;1例病人48个月时CTA检查发现股-股人工血管吻合口中度狭窄;2例病人随访半年后失访;其余10例病人随访结果满意。结论：腔内修复能有效治疗肾下主动脉夹层,具有简洁、微创的特点。远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

腔内修复联合旁路手术治疗DeBakeyⅠ型升主动脉夹层

目的探讨腔内修复联合人造血管旁路手术治疗DeBakeyⅠ型升主动脉夹层的临床应用价值。方法分析2005年中山大学附属第一医院血管外科运用腔内修复联合人造血管旁路手术治愈的2例DeBakeyⅠ型升主动脉夹层临床资料。结果腔内修复前先行左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉-右颈总动脉人造血管旁路手术,然后从右股总动脉将带膜支架植入升主动脉封闭内膜撕裂口,并同时封闭无名动脉和左颈总动脉,1例术后即时造影和术后2个月随访造影均显示升主动脉夹层消失,无内漏,颈部人造血管旁路血流通畅,病人健康生存;另1例术后2个月随访,一般情况良好。结论对于内膜撕裂口靠近无名动脉和左颈总动脉的DeBakeyⅠ型升主动脉夹层,腔内修复联合人造血管旁路手术是一种安全而有效的治疗方法。     

Endovascular treatment of an acute ascending aortic intramural hematoma

INTRODUCTION

Herein, we present a case of an elderly gentleman who presented with an extensive intramural hematoma of the aorta which was treated with a percutaneous placement of an endovascular stent.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 79-year-old male with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department because of sudden onset of substernal chest pain radiating to his back. A chest computerized tomography scan was performed that demonstrated a Type A aortic wall intramural hematoma involving the arch and ascending aorta dissecting both antegrade and retrograde from a penetrating ulcer located in the descending aorta, immediately distal to the left subclavian artery. No dissection flap was noted. The patient opted for an endovascular approach. He was treated with the placement of a stent just distal to the left subclavian artery, with good results noted on follow-up exam performed 3 months later.

DISCUSSION

The treatment of a Type A IMH lacks consensus, but the majority do favor surgical management. The data are limited; however, there are reports of patients with Type A intramural hematoma treated with descending aortic endograft at the site of the culprit ulcerated plaque, with satisfactory results.

CONCLUSION

In a select group of patients, an endovascular approach for the treatment of a Type A aortic wall intramural hematoma caused by an ulcerated plaque may be a viable treatment option.     

腹主动脉瘤的血管腔内治疗

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)血管腔内治疗后的短期临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2009年4月～2010年7月我科收治的8例AAA患者的临床资料.结果 患者均接受血管腔内治疗,手术成功率7/8,死亡1人.5例植入分叉型支架,2例植入直型支架,1例支架释放不成功.1例术后第2天右髂动脉支架折叠成角,远端血栓形成,给予局部溶栓成功后第3天血栓再次形成,急诊行左股－右股动脉旁路转流术.1例术后第2天出现急性肾功能不全,2个月后出现结肠缺血表现,给予对症治疗后好转.1例术中主体支架释放不成功,急诊行开腹手术,取出支架,行AAA修补术,术后第2天因呼吸循环衰竭死亡.随访1～16个月,中位随访时间5个月,至最后一次随访(死亡)时止,无内漏发生,无支架明显移位及动脉瘤腔内血栓形成.结论 AAA血管腔内治疗后的短期临床疗效满意,远期疗效有待进一步随访.     

Endovascular repair of a ruptured thoracic aortic dissection with a right sided aortic arch: A case report

BackgroundEmergency treatment of complex aortic pathology is challenging in the setting of a right-sided aortic arch. We report the successful treatment of a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in the setting of a Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) and right-sided aortic arch.Presentation of caseThe patient is a 66-year-old male with chronic kidney disease (CKD) admitted with right sided chest pain and hypotension. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a 5 cm ruptured TAA in the setting of a TBAD and right-sided aortic arch. The TBAD began just distal to the right common carotid artery and involved the origin of the left subclavian artery (SCA). Using a totally percutaneous approach, a conformable Gore^® TAG^® thoracic endoprosthesis was placed in proximal descending thoracic aorta covering the left SCA. Aside from progression of his pre-existing CKD, the patient had an uneventful recovery. CTA one-month post-procedure revealed a type IB endoleak with degeneration of the distal descending thoracic aorta. To exclude the endoleak, the repair was extended distally using a Medtronic Valiant^® thoracic stent graft. The left subclavian artery was subsequently coil embolized to treat an additional retrograde endoleak. The patient has done well with no further evidence of endoleak or aneurysm expansion.ConclusionRight-sided aortic arch presents challenges in the emergency setting. CTA and post-processing reconstructions are very helpful. While the endoleaks prompted additional interventions, the end result was excellent. This case displays the importance of careful attention to detail and follow-up in these complicated patients.     

Endovascular Stent-graft Placement in Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection in China

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to summarise data about endovascular stent-graft placement for patients with type B aortic dissection (type B-AD) in China.MethodsAll published series in Chinese on endovascular stent-graft placement for type B-AD from 1999 through 2008 were identified. Thirty-five studies, involving a total of 1498 patients, were included in this review.ResultsProcedure success was reported in 89.4 ± 1.7% of the patients. Overall complications were reported in 16.6 ± 1.2% of the patients. Major complications were reported in 1.7 ± 0.2%, with neurological complications in 0.5 ± 0.1%. In-hospital mortality was 2.0 ± 0.4%. The mean follow-up was 24.0 ± 16.1 months.ConclusionEndovascular stent-graft placement is technically feasible with high procedure success and relatively low complication rate in selected patient groups with type B-AD. Both short- and mid-term outcomes appear to be favourable.     

多撕裂口主动脉夹层的一期或分期血管腔内治疗

目的总结一期或分期血管腔内治疗多撕裂口主动脉夹层的临床经验。方法在DSA监控下,通过一侧或双侧股动脉入路将多枚带膜支架植入主髂动脉,一期或分期封闭这些部位的多个撕裂口。结果从2001年1月至2004年6月,共有8例患者接受了一期或分期血管腔内治疗,其中5个撕裂口者1例,4个撕裂口者2例,3个撕裂口者2例,2个撕裂口者3例。降主动脉撕裂口11个,腹主动脉撕裂口11个,髂动脉撕裂口4个。一期血管腔内治疗6例,分期腔内治疗2例。共植入带膜支架23枚,其中直管型20枚,分叉型3枚。手术均获成功。术后3、6、12及24个月CT或MRA复查显示夹层均消失,假腔内血栓形成,无内漏发生,患者均健康生存。结论血管腔内多枚带膜支架一期或分期植入治疗多撕裂口主动脉夹层是一种可行,安全和有效的方法。     

Long-term outcomes after ascending aortic replacement and aortic root replacement for type A aortic dissection

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESWe investigated whether the selective use of supracoronary ascending aorta replacement achieves late outcomes comparable to those of aortic root replacement for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD).METHODSPatients who underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection from 2005 to 2018 at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, were included in this analysis. Late mortality was evaluated with the Kaplan–Meier method and proximal aortic reoperation, i.e. operation on the aortic root or aortic valve, with the competing risk method.RESULTSOut of 309 patients, 216 underwent supracoronary ascending aortic replacement and 93 had aortic root replacement. At 10 years, mortality was 33.8% after aortic root replacement and 35.2% after ascending aortic replacement (P = 0.806, adjusted hazard ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval, 0.77–2.02), and the cumulative incidence of proximal aortic reoperation was 6.0% in the aortic root replacement group and 6.2% in the ascending aortic replacement group (P = 0.65; adjusted subdistributional hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.15–1.89). Among 71 propensity score matched pairs, 10-year survival was 34.4% after aortic root replacement and 36.2% after ascending aortic replacement surgery (P = 0.70). Cumulative incidence of proximal aortic reoperation was 7.0% after aortic root replacement and 13.0% after ascending aortic replacement surgery (P = 0.22). Among 102 patients with complete imaging data [mean follow-up, 4.7 (3.2) years], the estimated growth rate of the aortic root diameter was 0.22 mm/year, that of its area 7.19 mm²/year and that of its perimeter 0.43 mm/year.CONCLUSIONSWhen stringent selection criteria were used to determine the extent of proximal aortic reconstruction, aortic root replacement and ascending aortic replacement for type A aortic dissection achieved comparable clinical outcomes.