银屑病患者皮损中转化生长因子-β1及受体基因表达的研究

目的 研究银屑病患者皮损及非皮损处转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、转化生长因子β受体(TGF-βRⅡ)及CD105的基因(mRNA)表达,并初步探讨其临床意义。方法 采用异硫氰酸胍法抽提皮肤组织中的RNA;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测皮肤组织中mRNA的表达。结果 银屑病患者皮损组织TGF-β1及TGF-βRⅡmRNA的表达均低于非皮损组织及正常人(P<0.05);非皮损组织及正常人皮肤组织中mRNA的表达量差异无显著性(P>0.05)。而银屑病皮损组织CD105的mRNA表达量高于非皮损组及正常人(P<0.05);非皮损组织和正常人皮肤组织比较P>0.05。结论 银屑病皮损中TGF-β1及TGF-βRⅡ表达降低和CD105的表达上调可能与银屑病的表皮过度增殖及真皮炎症细胞浸润有关。     

银屑病患者外周血单核细胞向树突状细胞分化能力的研究

目的 了解银屑病患者外周血单核细胞向树突状细胞(DC)分化的能力。方法 采用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面抗原表达,同种混合淋巴细胞反应评价细胞的抗原递呈能力。结果 银屑病患者外周血单核细胞能向DC分化,分化而成的DC表达CD40、CD80、CD86和HLA-DR的阳性率显着高于正常人(P<0.01),刺激淋巴细胞增殖的能力显着强于正常人(P<0.01)。结论 银屑病患者外周血单核细胞向DC分化的能力增强,分化而成的DC具有很强的抗原递呈能力。     

Patched-1和Gli-1在银屑病皮损中的表达

目的 探讨Patched-1、Gli-1在银屑病皮损中的表达。方法 应用免疫组化和原位杂交的方法,检测银屑病皮损及正常人皮肤中Patched-1、Gli-1的表达和分布情况。结果 在银屑病皮损中Patched-1表达高于正常人皮肤(免疫组化χ²=6.53,P<0.05;原位杂交χ²=7.93,P<0.05),Gli-1表达显著高于正常人皮肤(免疫组化χ²=19.21,P<0.01;原位杂交χ²=14.34,P<0.01),主要分布于表皮细胞胞浆中,在毛囊、浸润的炎细胞及血管内皮细胞中也有阳性表达。结论 银屑病皮损表皮中Patched-1和Gli-1均处于高表达状态,Hedgehog信号转导通路可能在银屑病发病中起一定作用。     

肉芽肿性松弛皮肤特殊类型的蕈样肉芽肿一例

目的 报告一例蕈样肉芽肿之极其罕见的肉芽肿性皮肤松弛.方法 对其临床、组织病理、免疫组化、超微结构和分子生物学进行研究.结果 在皮肤肿块内致密淋巴细胞、组织细胞和多核巨细胞浸润,少数淋巴细胞向表皮性.弹性纤维几乎完全消失.免疫组化示淋巴细胞表达CD3,CD45RO.分子生物学检查示T细胞受体β链基因重排.超微结构示巨噬细胞有许多绒毛样结构和溶酶体.结论 此例为一种罕见变异的蕈样肉芽肿.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者CD1a、CD68、HLA-DR等的研究

目的 研究系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外观正常及病变皮肤中朗格汉斯细胞(LC)一些重要表面标志的变化。方法 应用CD1a、CD68和HLA-DR等单克隆抗体和ABC免疫组化技术对9例SLE患者外观正常和皮损部位的组织进行了免疫表型检测。结果 ①SLE皮损中LC的数量减少,且其形态与表面标志亦有变化;②SLE病损处的角质形成细胞(KC)强弱不等地表达HLA-DR抗原,个别病例的外观正常皮肤KC也可局灶性表达HLA-DR抗原;③SLE外观正常皮肤或皮损的表皮中均未见细胞间粘附分子1和CD4阳性LC,仅在真皮的浸润细胞中见到较多的阳性细胞;④发现在SLE外观正常皮肤和皮损表皮内出现两类CD68阳性的树枝状细胞;在SLE皮损的浸润细胞中CD68阳性树枝状细胞大量增加;⑤细纤维状CD68阳性物质呈网状围绕基底部的KC,这些细纤维状阳性物质有些与表皮树枝状细胞相连,有些则没有明显的关系。结论 SLE外观正常和病变皮肤中LC一些重要表面标志的变化有所不同。外观正常皮肤和皮损表皮内出现两类树枝状细胞,一类可能为LC,而另一类则来源不清;在SLE皮损的浸润细胞中这些CD68阳性树枝状细胞大量增加,表皮内存在CD68阳性纤维状染色,其意义尚需进一步研究。     

CD28/B7在银屑病皮损及外周血淋巴细胞中的表达

目的 探讨CD28/B7共同刺激分子在银屑病发病中的作用。方法 采用免疫组化ABC法检测22例银屑病皮损、流式细胞仪检测17例银屑病外周血淋巴细胞CD28、CD80、CD86的表达水平。15例整形外科手术患者的皮肤和外周血作为正常人对照。结果 免疫组化结果显示银屑病组皮损中CD28、CD80、CD86的表达明显增多,与正常人对照组相比差异均有显著性(P<0.01);进行期皮损中的表达显著高于静止期,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。流式细胞仪检测显示CD28、CD80、CD86在银屑病组外周血淋巴细胞中的表达明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.01);进行期组与静止期组相比,CD28差异无显著性(P>0.05),CD80与CD86差异有显著性(P₁<0.01,P₂<0.05)。结论 CD28、CD80、CD86在银屑病发展过程中起一定作用。     

寻常型银屑病患者血管内皮生长因子及单核细胞趋化因子-1表达的研究

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)在银屑病患者皮肤中的表达及其意义。方法 用免疫组化法检测银屑病患者皮损、非皮损及正常人皮肤中VEGF、MCP-1的表达与分布。用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测患者血清中VEGF、MCP-1水平。结果 ①银屑病患者皮损及非皮损中VEGF表达较正常人皮肤明显增强(P<0.05).皮损中MCP-1表达较非皮损及正常人皮肤明显增强(P<0.05).②患者血清中VEGF水平明显高于正常人(P<0.05),MCP-1水平与正常人比较差异无显着性(P>0.05).③皮损角质形成细胞中VEGF、MCP-1的表达与PASI评分无显着相关性(P>0.05)。结论 VEGF、MCP-1的表达增强在银屑病的发病机制中可能起重要作用。     

寻常性银屑病患者皮损中Caspase-3和bcl-xL的表达

目的 探讨Caspase-3和bcl-xL在银屑病皮损中的表达及意义。方法 采用免疫组化法对26例寻常性银屑病患者的皮损及其周边外观正常皮肤和10例正常人对照皮肤中Caspase-3和bcl-xL的表达进行了检测。结果 正常人对照皮肤、银屑病皮损及其周边外观正常皮肤的表皮均表达Caspase-3,其中皮损处的表达明显增强(P<0.0001);除皮损表皮中散在表达bcl-xL外,正常人对照皮肤、银屑病皮损周边外观正常皮肤的表皮中不表达bcl-xL。结论 Caspase-3和bcl-xL可能通过诱导银屑病皮损角质形成细胞的凋亡而参与了银屑病的发病。     

血管内皮生长因子在扁平苔藓及银屑病皮损中的表达

目的探讨扁平苔藓及银屑病患者皮损表皮血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达情况。方法用抗VEGF及CD34抗体行免疫组化染色,对扁平苔藓及银屑病皮损标本进行观察,计数表皮下方真皮的毛细血管密度。结果正常人表皮VEGF基本阴性,扁平苔藓及银屑病患者非病变部VEGF阴性,移行部表皮上层VEGF染色逐渐由弱到强,由间断到连续;病变部表皮VEGF阳性,以表皮上层细胞质的细颗粒状染色为主。CD34染色各部分真皮上层毛细血管密度为;扁平苔藓的非病变部(45.61±15.70)个/mm²、移行部(68.63±15.36)个/mm²、病变部(92.07±16.84)个/mm²;银屑病的非病变部(43.73±14.55)个/mm²、移行部(72.12±18.81)个/mm²、病变部(100.29±21.93)个/mm²,各病种三个部位之间比较差异均有统计学意义。结论扁平苔藓及银屑病皮损表皮分泌VEGF,并与真皮毛细血管增生扩张密切相关。     

几种皮肤病中角朊细胞表达ICAM－1(CD54)和HLA－DR抗原的研究

为了探讨皮肤病病损处角朊细胞表达ICAM-1(CD54)和HLA-DR抗原及其与病损内浸润细胞的关系,应用抗ICAM-1及HLA-DR单抗、连续冰冻切片法及ABC免疫组化技术,在寻常型银屑病(4/4)、扁平苔藓(5/6)、慢性湿疹(4/6)、孢子丝菌病(3/6)、基底细胞癌(6/6)、鳞状细胞癌(5/7)、及Ⅱ期(4/5)、Ⅲ期(1/4)蕈样肉芽肿中,观察到其病损处角朊细胞可分别表达CD54和HLA-DR抗原.我们还发现在部分扁平苔藓(1/6)、慢性湿疹(2/6)、孢子丝菌病(3/6)、鳞状细胞癌(2/7)及Ⅱ期(1/5)、Ⅲ期(1/4)蕈样肉芽肿中,虽然其病损处真皮内见大量的T淋巴细胞浸润,但其上方表皮内角朊细胞未见CD54抗原表达,却可见HLA-DR抗原表达.在蕈样肉芽肿中,随病程进展到Ⅲ期(2/4),其病损处角朊细胞不仅有失去表达CD54、同时也有失去表达HLA-DR抗原能力的趋势.并探讨了病损内浸润细胞免疫表型与角朊细胞表达CD54抗原的关系.     

Plaque psoriasis vs. atopic dermatitis and lichen planus: a comparison for lesional T-cell subsets, epidermal proliferation and differentiation

BACKGROUND: T-cell infiltration in plaque psoriasis has recently been an important subject of investigation. Interestingly, comparative analyses of the disease-specific composition of the lesional T-cell infiltrate in plaque psoriasis and other inflammatory dermatoses have only sparsely been performed. OBJECTIVES: To compare plaque psoriasis vs. atopic dermatitis and lichen ruber planus with respect to T-cell subsets, epidermal proliferation and keratinization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Biopsies were taken from untreated lesional skin of patients, six with psoriasis, six with atopic dermatitis and six with lichen planus. T-cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD45RO+, CD45RA+, CD2+, CD25+), an epidermal proliferation (Ki-67) and a keratinization marker (K10) were stained immunohistochemically and quantified using image analysis. RESULTS: The high number of CD8+ T cells (52 +/- 13 cells mm(-1)) found in the psoriatic epidermis was not found in the epidermis of atopic dermatitis (9 +/- 4), nor in the epidermis of lichen planus (34 +/- 10). The other T-cell subsets in the epidermis and dermis showed no statistically significant differences between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In contrast to the limited presence of CD4+, CD8+ and CD2+ in the psoriatic dermis (110 +/- 19, 27 +/- 9, 127 +/- 41, cells mm(-1), respectively), more impressive numbers of these cells were observed in the dermis of lichen planus (300 +/- 53, 144 +/- 38, 272 +/- 48, respectively). CD45RO+ memory effector T-cell counts were significantly higher in the epidermis of lichen planus (39 +/- 10) than in psoriasis (19 +/- 5). Psoriatic epidermis proved to have major keratinocyte hyperproliferation (247 +/- 26 cells mm(-1) lamina basalis), as compared with atopic dermatitis (134 +/- 15) and lichen planus (128 +/- 20). Furthermore, a marked decreased expression of keratin 10 was observed in psoriasis (41% of epidermal area) contrary to atopic dermatitis (70%). CONCLUSIONS: Psoriatic epidermis exhibits a pronounced CD8+ epidermotropism with accompanying epidermal hyperproliferation and abnormal keratinization, which changes are only minimally expressed in atopic dermatitis and lichen planus. In plaque psoriasis, substantially fewer activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the dermis and less CD45RO+ T cells in the epidermis are present in comparison with lichen ruber planus.     

Lichen planus remission is associated with a decrease of human herpes virus type 7 protein expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

The cause of lichen planus is still unknown. Previously we showed human herpes virus 7 (HHV-7) DNA and proteins in lesional lichen planus skin, and significantly less in non-lesional lichen planus, psoriasis or healthy skin. Remarkably, lesional lichen planus skin was infiltrated with plasmacytoid dendritic cells. If HHV-7 is associated with lichen planus, then HHV-7 replication would reduce upon lichen planus remission. HHV-7 DNA detection was performed by nested PCR and HHV-7 protein by immunohistochemistry on lesional skin biopsies from lichen planus patients before treatment and after remission. Biopsies were obtained from lichen planus lesions before treatment (n = 18 patients) and after remission (n = 13). Before treatment 61% biopsies contained HHV-7 DNA versus 8% after remission (P = 0.01). HHV-7-protein positive cell numbers diminished significantly after remission in both dermis and epidermis. Expression of HHV-7 was mainly detected in BDCA-2 positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells rather than CD-3 positive lymphocytes. HHV-7 replicates in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lesional lichen planus skin and diminishes after remission. This study further supports our hypothesis that HHV-7 is associated with lichen planus pathogenesis.     

Proliferative activity of CD8(+) T cells as an important clue to analyze T cell-mediated inflammatory dermatoses

Abstract To elucidate the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated inflammatory skin diseases, we examined the exact sites where CD8(+) T cells proliferate, correlating them with the localization of antigen-presenting dendritic cells. We performed CD8/Ki-67 double immunohistochemical staining and single staining for CD1a, CD68, and factor XIIIa on sections of paraffin-embedded tissue samples of inflammatory dermatoses in which T lymphocytes are thought to play a crucial role. The dermatoses were lichen planus (12 samples), acute graft-versus host disease (GVHD) (12 samples), chronic GVHD (10 samples), spongiotic dermatitis (8 samples) and psoriasis (7 samples). Labelling for Ki-67 among CD8(+) T cells was predominantly observed in the subepidermal lymphoid infiltrate, and was scanty in the epidermis. This suggested that proliferation of CD8(+) T cells occurred preferentially in the dermis. The labelling index for Ki-67 among dermal and epidermal CD8(+) cells was quite different among the different diseases studied (P < 0.05). They were rich in the subepidermal portion of the dermis of spongiotic dermatitis, acute GVHD and chronic GVHD, but rare in the dermis of psoriasis and lichen planus. A moderate infiltrate was also observed in lesional epidermis of spongiotic dermatitis, acute GVHD and chronic GVHD, whereas they was almost none in the epidermis of psoriasis and lichen planus. CD1a(+) dermal dendritic cells were densely distributed within the lymphoid infiltrate in the affected dermis of spongiotic dermatitis, psoriasis and lichen planus, whereas they were minimal in GVHD. These dermal dendritic cells are candidates as stimulators on T cells in the dermis. In conclusion, the proliferative status of T cells could be an important clue in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of T cell-mediated inflammatory dermatoses. Received: 13 December 2000 / Revised: 24 April 2001 / Accepted: 11 July 2001     

The role of perforin-mediated apoptosis in lichen planus lesions

Lichen planus is recognized as a T-cell-mediated disease. Histologically, it is characterized by the formation of colloid bodies representing apoptotic keratinocytes. The apoptotic process mediated by CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and NK cells mainly involves two distinct pathways: the perforin/granzyme pathway and the Fas/FasL pathway. So far, little is known regarding the role of perforin-mediated apoptosis in lichen planus. In the present study, the expression and distribution of perforin, T and NK cell subsets in the epidermis and dermis of lesional and nonlesional lichen planus skin were studied. Skin biopsy specimens from lesional and nonlesional skin of ten patients with lichen planus and eight healthy persons were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Significant accumulation of T cells, particularly of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ subsets, was found in both epidermis and dermis of lichen planus lesions compared with nonlesional and healthy skin. There were no significant differences in the incidence of NK cells (CD16⁺ and CD56⁺) between lesional, nonlesional and healthy skin. Perforin expression was significantly upregulated in the epidermis of lichen planus lesions. In conclusion, accumulation of perforin⁺ cells in the epidermis of lichen planus lesions suggest a potential role of perforin in the apoptosis of basal keratinocytes.     

钙泊三醇外用治疗可减少银屑病皮损中ICAM-3阳性浸润细胞的表达

目的 了解钙泊三醇局部外用治疗对银屑病皮损中细胞间粘附分子3(ICAM-3)表达的影响.方法 采用ABC免疫组化法对20例银屑病患者皮损与非皮损部位以及皮损部位治疗前后的ICAM-3、Ki-67和其它免疫分子的表达进行了研究.结果 银屑病皮损部位ICAM-3阳性浸润细胞的表达均明显高于非皮损部位及正常对照组(P均<0.01), 而且ICAM-3的表达和皮损部位Ki-67.CD3等免疫分子的表达呈正相关.经钙泊三醇外用治疗6周后、皮损部位ICAM-3、Ki-67和CD3的表达均明显减少(P均<0.01).结论 外用钙泊三醇治疗银屑病的机制除了有抗角朊细胞增殖的作用外, 对可能参与银屑病发病机制的ICAM-3阳性浸润细胞也有作用.     

Lichen planus annularis: an immunohistochemical study.

Lichen planus annularis is a relatively rare skin manifestation of lichen planus. The mechanisms in the formation of annular lesions are not fully understood. We reported here a 57-year-old female with this disease. The eruption initially occurred as lichen-papules, then enlarged (bean-sized, umbilicated small plaques), and finally developed annular manifestations. We performed immunohistochemical examinations of specimens taken from different types of eruptions. In all specimens, HLA-DR was expressed in the focal keratinocytes adjacent to the dermal HLA-DR positive cell infiltration. Both in the initial papule and in the final annular lesion, expression of ICAM-1 was present only in the keratinocytes above the dermal cell infiltration, similar to HLA-DR. It is of interest that, in the umbilicated small plaques, the peripheral epidermis other than the central site extensively reacted to ICAM-1. LFA-1 expression was most prominent in the mononuclear cells impinging on the dermo-epidermal junction in all specimens. In addition, in the periphery of the umbilicated small plaques, which showed no bandlike dense cell infiltration nor degeneration of basement membrane, TNF-alpha, but not LFA-1, was positive in the infiltrated cells of the upper dermis. These results suggest that expressions of ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha in the peripheral keratinocytes and dermal infiltrated cells are important molecular events in the mechanisms of formation of the annular lesions.     

Cytokine alterations in lichen sclerosus: an immunohistochemical study

BACKGROUND: Although the histology of lichen sclerosus is characteristic, the precise nature of the inflammatory changes and the signals provoking them is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To delineate the inflammatory changes in lichen sclerosus more accurately by studying cytokine changes. METHODS: An immunohistochemical study of 12 specimens of genital lichen sclerosus and one specimen of extragenital lichen sclerosus was undertaken using monoclonal antibodies to interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-gamma receptor, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-2 receptor (CD25), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its ligand CD11a. Control specimens were seven specimens of normal vulva obtained during gynaecological procedures, three specimens of normal skin, adjacent uninvolved thigh from three of the patients with lichen sclerosus, five specimens of nonvulval psoriasis, four specimens of nonvulval lichen planus and two specimens from chronic wounds. RESULTS: The lichen sclerosus specimens demonstrated slightly increased staining for IFN-gamma within the epidermis compared with the normal vulva and nonvulval skin. There was increased dermal staining for IFN-gamma both within the pale zone of the upper dermis and within the inflammatory zone below this. We confirmed our previous demonstration that in lichen sclerosus HLA-DR immunostaining is increased in association with vascular endothelium, the inflammatory cell infiltrate and around the keratinocytes. The areas of the epidermis with the strongest immunostaining for HLA-DR generally also had the strongest staining for IFN-gamma. In the lichen sclerosus specimens the zone of inflammation also demonstrated increased immunostaining for TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma receptor, CD25, CD11a and ICAM-1 while the zone of sclerosus demonstrated a smaller increase in immunostaining for IFN-gamma receptor, TNF-alpha, CD11a and ICAM-1, and the epidermis demonstrated increased staining for ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS: The increased staining for IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma receptor, CD25, CD11a and ICAM-1 suggest that the cytokine response in lichen sclerosus shares characteristics of the cytokine response in lichen planus and chronic wounds.