FHIT基因在喉癌中的缺失

ＦＨＩＴ基因缺失是人类多种肿瘤细胞中常见的遗传学改变之一。为了探讨ＦＨＩＴ基因与喉癌发生的关系，采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ的方法，对１１例喉癌患者的癌组织及癌旁正常组织的ＦＨＩＴ基因进行了检测，结果：检出缺失８例，占７２．７％，首次发现了喉癌ＦＨＩＴ基因转录本的异常，经过测序证实了两例缺失。对ＦＨＩＴ基因的深入研究有助于揭开喉癌的发病机制，开辟喉癌基因诊治的新途径。     

Inhibition of Pancreatic Hepatocyte Induction in Hamsters Treated Sequentially with Ethionine, a Protein-free Diet and then Methionine by Prior N-nitrosobis-(2-oxopropyI)amine Administration

A 100% yield of pancreatic hepatocytes was induced in pancreas tissues of female hamsters treated with twice-repeated sequential administrations of DL-ethionine (ethionine) together with a protein-free diet and then L-methionine (methionine) for 10 weeks. The cells were also found in 40% of hamsters receiving 20mg/kg body weight of the pancreatic carcinogen, N nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) given twice at the peak of pancreatic regeneration stimulated by methionine after ethionine induced cell damage. However, BOP at doses of 30, 70, and 100 mg/kg body weight administered before the occurrence of pancreatic regeneration dose dependently inhibited their appearance, with reduction of the yield to 40%, 25%, and 8.3% respectively, and BOP per se did not induce any development of pancreatic hepatocytes. Stein iodine staining revealed bile pigments in the induced hamster pancreatic eosinophilic cell populations.     

Inhibition of pancreatic hepatocyte induction in hamsters treated sequentially with ethionine, a protein-free diet and then methionine by prior N-nitrosobis-(2-oxopropyl)amine administration

A 100% yield of pancreatic hepatocytes was induced in pancreas tissues of female hamsters treated with twice-repeated sequential administrations of DL-ethionine (ethionine) together with a protein-free diet and then L-methionine (methionine) for 10 weeks. The cells were also found in 40% of hamsters receiving 20 mg/kg body weight of the pancreatic carcinogen, N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) given twice at the peak of pancreatic regeneration stimulated by methionine after ethionine-induced cell damage. However, BOP at doses of 30, 70, and 100 mg/kg body weight administered before the occurrence of pancreatic regeneration dose-dependently inhibited their appearance, with reduction of the yield to 40%, 25%, and 8.3% respectively, and BOP per se did not induce any development of pancreatic hepatocytes. Stein iodine staining revealed bile pigments in the induced hamster pancreatic eosinophilic cell populations.     

Efficient detection of deletions induced by a single treatment of mitomycin C in transgenic mouse gpt delta using the Spi(-) selection.

Transgenic rodent mutation assays permit the detection and molecular analysis of various types of gene mutations, such as base changes and frameshifts, in a number of tissues. It is reported, however, that deletion mutations are not efficiently detected by the assays, in particular those using lambda phage shuttle vectors. Recently, a new transgenic mouse model, i.e., gpt delta, has been developed to selectively detect some types of deletions by Spi(-) selection. Spi(-) selection has an advantage over the other selections to preferentially identify deletions because only lambda phages deficient in both the red and gam gene functions are allowed to form phage plaques. In this study, we examined whether in vivo deletions induced by the treatment of mitomycin C (MMC) are detectable by the Spi(-) assay in the mouse model. The mice were treated with MMC (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection) and sacrificed 14 days after the dosing. The treatment at 4.0 mg/kg approximately doubled the mutant frequency of Spi(-) in the bone marrow, i.e., 2.52 x 10(-6) vs. 1.31 x 10(-6). The molecular analyses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing indicated that seven Spi(-) mutants at 4.0 mg/kg group had deletions with molecular sizes from 0.8 kilo basepairs (kb) to 8.5 kb, whereas no such deletions were observed in the Spi(-) mutants in the control group. The results suggest that deletions induced by MMC in the bone marrow are efficiently detectable by Spi(-) selection and also that the molecular analyses are useful to evaluate the significance of a marginal increase in mutant frequency in the transgenic rodent mutation assays.     

Lack of synergism among DMAB, BOP, and MNU in induction of carcinomas of the rat ventral prostate.

The present experiment was undertaken to investigate possible synergism in induction of rat prostate tumor. F344 rats were repeatedly administered the prostate carcinogens 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB),N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine(BOP), and N-methylnitrosourea (MNU) sequentially or together at times of hormonal castration induced regenerative cell proliferation of prostate epithelial cells. Group 1 animals received two 100 mg/kg doses of DMAB, two 20 mg/kg applications of BOP, and two times 15 mg/kg of MNU. Groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively, received each of the carcinogen treatment alone. Group 5 was given 6 applications of all three in combination, each at one-third the dose administered to the other groups. The results showed a clear synergism in enhanced tumor development in the colon but not in the prostate, in which the incidence of lesions induced by the three carcinogens was similar to that with DMAB alone.     

Modification of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. 7. Inhibitory effect of bethanechol chloride

Experiments were designed to investigate in the hamster model the effect on pancreatic carcinogenesis of bethanechol chloride (BC), which is known to increase pancreatic protein synthesis in rats. Hamsters received a single (15 mg/kg body weight) dose of BC either before, simultaneously with, or after a single dose of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP; 20 mg/kg body weight). A second group was treated daily with BC (7.5 mg/kg body weight) for 24 weeks, following BOP. The control groups consisted of animals treated with BOP only, with BC only, and with solvent only. The surviving hamsters were killed 46 weeks after BOP treatment. BC, whether given before, simultaneously with, or after BOP, significantly reduced the incidence of pancreatic ductal/ductular carcinomas. The multiplicity, size, and latency of carcinomas were also affected by BC. A more pronounced inhibition of cancer induction occurred in the group treated daily with BC after BOP. The possible mechanisms involved in the inhibitory action of BC on pancreatic carcinogenesis are discussed.     

Dose-related induction of hepatic preneoplastic lesions by diethylnitrosamine in C57BL/6 mice

The C57BL/6 mouse strain (or derivation of this strain) is used as a background for many transgenic mouse models. This strain has a relatively low susceptibility to chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis compared with other commonly used experimental mouse strains. In the present study, the authors treated C57BL/6 mice with 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for 4 or 8 weeks by intraperitoneal injection to investigate the dose-response pattern of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesion formation in the liver. DEN induced preneoplastic lesions and cytokeratin 8/18-positive foci in a dose-dependent manner. In the 75 mg/kg for 8 weeks treatment group, hepatocellular adenoma, cholangioma and hemangioma, and cytokeratin 19-positive foci were also induced, but a significant decrease in body weight was observed. The suitable DEN treatment range for this strain was concluded to be from 75 mg/kg for 4 weeks (total amount = 300 mg/kg) to 50 mg/kg for 8 weeks (total amount = 400 mg/kg). These results should prove useful for future studies investigating hepatocarcinogenesis in both the background C57BL/6 strain and other transgenic mouse models derived from it.     

FHIT基因与肝癌的关系研究进展

脆性组氨酸三联体(fragile histidine triad，FHIT)基因位于染色体3p14.2区,属于组氨酸三联体(Histidine triad，HIT)基因家族,是第1个将脆性位点和肿瘤联系起来的抑癌基因。它可能主要通过诱导细胞凋亡而发挥抑癌作用。肝癌中存在FHIT基因高甲基化、转录异常、FHIT蛋白表达下降。FHIT基因的改变与肝癌的演进、侵袭性、复发率和生存率等多项临床病理指标有关。FHIT基因的改变在肝细胞癌中是早期频发的事件，可以成为肝癌患者预后一种新的分子指标。     

子宫颈癌FHIT基因表达与杂合性丢失

目的　探讨抑癌基因FHIT基因在子宫颈癌发生中的作用及其失活的可能机制。方法　选取FHIT基因内 2个微卫星位点D3S130 0和D3S12 34,对 5 6例经显微切割分离肿瘤组织的原发性子宫颈癌进行杂合性丢失 (LOH)分析 ,同时采用免疫组化方法 (S P法 )检测FHIT的表达情况。结果　D3S130 0和D3S12 34的LOH发生率分别为 36 2 % (17/ 4 7)、32 7% (16 /4 9) ,5 2 % (2 9/ 5 6 )的子宫颈癌组织至少在一个位点存在LOH。 5 7 1%的子宫颈癌FHIT表达减弱或缺失 ,其中 71 9%存在FHIT基因LOH ,FHIT低表达与FHIT基因LOH之间有相关性 (P <0 0 1)。子宫颈鳞癌组织的LOH发生率及FHIT低表达率均高于腺癌 (6 4 3%vs 14 3% ,6 9 0 %vs 2 1 4 % ,P <0 0 5 )。子宫颈鳞癌LOH发生率及FHIT低表达与组织学分级、FI GO分期均不相关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　FHIT基因可能在子宫颈鳞癌发生中起重要作用 ,杂合性丢失可能是FHIT基因失活的重要机制     

舌癌细胞中FHIT基因异常表达的研究

为了检测FHIT基因舌癌Tca8113细胞中的表达，应用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及DNA测序技术检测舌癌Tca8113细胞中FHIT基因的表达情况。结果发现在舌癌细胞系Tca8113细胞中存在FHIT基因部分缺失，产生异常转录本，大小约247bp。FHIT基因mRNA异常转录本为多个外显子缺失所致，EI-E8全部缺失。因此，FHIT基因在舌癌Tca8113细胞中的异常表达可能在舌癌的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。     

Safety and biologic activity of intravenous BCL-2 antisense oligonucleotide (G3139) and taxane chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer.

G3139 is a BCL-2 antisense oligonucleotide whose antitumor effects in preclinical models are enhanced when combined with taxane-based chemotherapy. This trial determined the safety and biologic activity of G3139 given with paclitaxel and docetaxel for the treatment of progressive solid tumors. Three cohorts of patients received weekly paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 concurrently with a 21-day continuous infusion of G3139 at 4.1, 5.3, and 6.9 mg/kg/d, depending on the cohort. Two subsequent cohorts received docetaxel (75 mg/m2) on day 5 of a 5-day infusion of G3139 at 5 or 7 mg/kg/d. Bcl-2 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assayed on an exploratory basis. Fifteen patients were treated. Eight received a total of 14 cycles of G3139 and paclitaxel; seven received a total of 22 cycles of G3139 and docetaxel. Eight patients required dose modifications for either grade 4 neutropenia (6 patients) or grade 1-2 reversible transaminitis (2 patients). No radiographic responses were seen, although two of the six taxane-naive prostate cancer patients exhibited a prostate-specific antigen decline greater than 50%. Bcl-2 protein levels in PBMCs declined with treatment as assessed by immunohistochemistry. The authors conclude that G3139, whether given as a 5- or 21-day infusion, is well tolerated with taxane chemotherapy and is biologically active by immunohistochemistry at doses up to and including 7 mg/kg/d, using weekly paclitaxel (100 mg/m2) or docetaxel every 3 weeks (75 mg/m2). These data support the dose selection of ongoing phase 2 studies of G3139 at 7 mg/kg/d and docetaxel 75 mg/m2.     

High throughput tissue microarray analysis of FHIT expression in diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma from Saudi Arabia.

Recent studies have suggested a potential prognostic role of alterations of the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To evaluate possible mechanisms of FHIT inactivation and to further clarify its potential prognostic relevance, we analyzed a set of 114 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with clinical follow-up information. Tissue microarrays were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for protein expression, and corresponding DNA samples were analyzed for FHIT promotor hypermethlyation. Reduced or absent FHIT expression was found in 75 of 114 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (66%), but was unrelated to clinical tumor stage or patient prognosis. FHIT promotor hypermethylation was observed in 29 of 93 (23%) interpretable diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hypermethylation was not significantly correlated to protein expression loss, which could be explained by competing mechanisms for FHIT inactivation in a substantial fraction of non FHIT hypermethylated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hypermethylation was significantly associated with poor prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients and predominantly seen in nongerminal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (27%), but less frequent (13%) in germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In summary, these data suggest that promotor hypermethylation is responsible for reduced FHIT expression in a substantial subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which is primarily composed of nongerminal center subtype with poor patient prognosis.     

Role of fragile histidine triad protein expression in pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesothelioma

AIM:To investigate the relationship of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and Ki-67 expression with clinicopathological variables of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 30 asbestos induced MPM (epithelial and biphasic) patients were examined for FHIT and Ki-67 expression using immunohistochemical techniques and results were compared with clinicopathological variables. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical study results were as follows: 12 (40%) cases showed low FHIT expression and 18 (60%) showed high expression. There was no significant relationship between FHIT and age, gender or histological subtypes (p > 0.05). Ki-67 expression was 'low' in 13 (43.3%) cases and 'high' in 17 (56.7%) cases. No correlation could be demonstrated between Ki-67 expression and age, gender or histological subtypes (p > 0.05). No significant association was observed between FHIT and Ki-67 expression in MPM. CONCLUSION: The results support the role of FHIT as a tumour suppressor gene in asbestos induced MPM. There is no significant correlation between FHIT and cell proliferation marker expressions in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Therefore, it can be concluded that loss of FHIT does not interfere with tumour proliferation. This can be accepted as evidence for an early role of FHIT loss in carcinogenesis; however, it needs to be strengthened by further studies.