Clinical value of cancer cells joint detection in peripheral blood plasma of thyroid cancer patients

We aimed to detect cytokeratin 19 （CK19） and polymorphic epithelial mucin 1 （MUC1） expression in peripheral blood of thyroid cancer patients, and investigate the clinical value of it as a diagnostic marker for circulating blood micrometastases. Methods： The flow cytometry （FCM） was used to detect and analyze CK19 and MUC1-expressing cells in peripheral blood of 491 thyroid cancer patients. Results： CK19 and MUC1 expression showed no statistically significant difference with gender and age in thyroid cancer patients （P 〉 0.05）, while had statistically significant difference with tumor size, lymph node stage and distant metastasis （P 〈 0.01）. The expression of CK19 and MUC1 were positively correlated （r = 0.628, P = 0.00）. Conclusion： CK19 is closely related to MUC1 expression, tumor size, extent of invasion and distant metastasis in peripheral blood of thyroid cancer patients. The circulating blood CK19 and MUC1 tests can help predict thyroid cancer micrometastases and prognosis.     

细胞角蛋白20检测对判断大肠癌淋巴结微转移的临床意义

Objective To study the significance of cytokeratin 20(CK20)in micrometastasis of lymph node of colorectal cancer.Methods The 331 lymph nodes in 47 cases with colorectal cancer by radical resection were collected from 2000 to 2007 in our Hospital.They were carried out CK20 immunohistochemical staining to determine the existence of micrometastasis,and all patients were followed up.Results The tumor cells in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer were found by CK20 immunohistochemistry and routine hematoxylin-eosin staining separately,but the positive rate had significant difference(P＜0.01).By CK20 immunohistochemistry,the micrometastasis positive rate was found significantly different between the sentinel lymph nodes and all the lymph nodes (P＜0.05).3-year mortality for the patients with lymph node micrometastasis was significantly higher than those without lymph node micrometastasis (P＜0.05).Conclusion The lymph node micrometastasis was an independent risk factor of influencing the survival time of the colorectal cancer patients.Examining the expression of CK20 by immunohistochemistry is an effective way of detecting colorectal cancer lymph node micrometastasis.     

Prognostic Value of Ki67 and VEGF Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of measuring Ki67 and VEGF expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma （LSCC）. METHODS The expression of Ki67 and VEGF in 32 LSCC tissues was studied by immunohistochemical staining. Of these cases, 5 recurred （recurrent group）, 3 cases metastasized （metastatic group）, 8 cases died （deceased group） and 24 cased survived （survival group） over a 3 year period of follow-up after their operation. RESULTS The expression of Ki67 and VEGF in the deceased group was higher compared to that in the survival group （P〈0.01）. Overexpression of Ki67 was found in the recurrent group and in the metastatic group （P〈0.05）. VEGF expression was higher in the recurrent group than in the non recurrent group （P〈0.05）. With Cox-regression of multivariate analysis, Ki67 （RR：3.236; P=0.001）, the clinical T stage （RR：1.382; P=0.029） and metastasis in lymph nodes （RR：0.316; P=0.033） were shown to be independent prognostic factors for survival of LSCC patients. CONCLUSION Ki67 and VEGF expression is related to the prognosis of LSCC. Overexpression of the 2 markers indicated poor prognosis of the disease, a finding which might be helpful for the treatment of laryngocarcinoma.     

Expression of Hpa and CD222 in bladder carcinoma and analysis of clinico-pathologic correlation

Objective： Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between the clinico-pathologic features and the heparanase （Hpa） and CD222 expressions in bladder carcinoma. Methods： The expressions of Hpa and CD222 in 95 bladder carcinoma specimens and 20 paraneoplastic bladder tissues （controls） were assessed using the immunohistochemical stain- ing method. Results： The positive expression rates of Hpa and CD222 in bladder carcinoma were 68.42% and 61.05%, respectively. The positive rate of Hpa was significantly higher in the carcinoma specimens than in the control specimens （P 〈 0.01）. Similarly, the Hpa expression in the invasive bladder carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the non-invasive bladder carcinoma （P 〈 0.01）. A positive correlation was observed between the expressions of Hpa and CD222 （P 〈 0.05）. The expressions of Hpa and CD222 were significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion and TNM staging （P 〈 0.05）. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in negative expression of the Hpa group than that in the positive expression group （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the non-co-positive expression group, the 5-year survival rate in the co-positive expression of Hpa and CD222 group was significantly lower （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： High Hpa and CD222 expressions in tumor tissues were associated with the occurrence and development of bladder carcinoma. Our results provide helpful information for the further diagnosis and therapy of bladder carcinoma.     

Expression of CD44s mRNA in Gastric Carcinoma

Objective： To study the expression of CD44s mRNA in the occurrence, development and invasion of gastric carcinoma （GC）. Methods： The expressions of CD44s mRNA in 66 cases of GC, 25 cases of superficial gastritis and 25 cases of atypical hyperplasia were examined by in situ hybridization （ISH）. Results： There was no expression of CD44s mRNA in the group of superficial gastritis; the positive rate was 20%（5/25） in the group of atypical hyperplasia and 62.12%（41/66） in the group of gastric carcinoma. The positive rate in poor differentiation group was significantly higher than that in well differentiation group （P〈0.05）, and the positive rate of lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in negative lymph node metastasis group（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The expression of CD44s mRNA was related to cell differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis, the activation of CD44s gene was related to strong invasion of cancer cells and poor prognosis.     

多种化疗药对凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在HL-60细胞中表达影响的研究

Objective： To explore the relationship between survivin and drug resistance, and the changes of the survivin expression in HL-60 cells treated with three kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods： HL- 60 cells were treated with appropriate concentration of daunomycin （DNR）, mitoxantrone （MIT） or arsenic trioxide （As2O3）. The expression of survivin mRNA and protein on the first or third day was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results： The expression of survivin mRNA was decreased on the first day by 10% in DNR-treated group, 40% in MIT-treated group （P〈0.01） and 25% in As2O3-treated group （P〈0.01） respectively. On the third day, the expression of survivin mRNA in DNR- and MIT-treated group was up-regulated to 120% （P〈0.05） and 165% （P〈0.01） respectively as compared with that on the first day, but down-regulated to 68% in As2O3-treated group （P〈0.01）. As compared with control group, the expression of survivin protein in DNR- or MIT-treated group was increased by 14% or 11% on the third day respectively, but it was decreased by 18% in As2O3-treated group. Conclusion： In DNR- and MIT-treated group, the expression of surivin was decreased at first and then increased obviously, which may be one of the causes for resistance to chemotherapy against leukemia. Different from other two drugs, As2O3 may play an important role in restoring chemotherapy sensitivity.     

Prognostic Value of P-gp and p27 in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective： To evaluate the prognostic value of P-gp and p27 expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESC）. Methods： The expressions of P-gp and p27 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 104 cases of ESC, and the clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed as well. Results： The positive rate of P-gp expression in 104 cases of ESCs was 32.7%. The positive rate of P-gp expression in the group that survived over 3 years （17.5%） was significantly lower than that in the group died within 3 years （53.3%） （x^2=14.227, P〈0.001）. The positive rate of p27 expression in 104 cases of ESCs was 67.3%. The positive rate of p27 expression in the group that survived over 3 years （75.8%） was significantly higher than that in the group died within 3 years （56.5%） （x^2=4.361, P〈0.05）. The patients with poorer differentiation whole wall invasion, lymph node metastasis and more advanced TNM stage had a shorter survival than did those with better differentiation, more superficial invasion, no lymph node involvement and earlier TNM stage; and it was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. However, tumor size, macropathologic type, age and gender had no prognostic impact on ESC patients （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： P-gp and p27 expression levels had a clinical prognostic significance in ESC. It could provide a reference basis for selecting the chemotherapy projection. The tumor differentiation degree, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement and TNM stages all were correlated to ESC patients＇ survival.     

EXPRESSION OF FRAGILE HISTIDINE TRIAD AND P53 IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

Objective： To investigate the expression offragile histidine triad （FHIT） and p53 protein in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） and explore the relationship between their expressions and the clinicopathological features. Methods： FHIT protein and p53 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry in 76 cases of NSCLCs and matched normal lung tissues. Results： Fifty-one cases （67.1%） showed negative expression of FHIT （apparent reduction or loss） and thirty-seven cases （48.7%） showed p53 positive expression （overexpression）. The difference was significant （P=0.04）. However, there was no significant difference in FHIT expression between the p53-positive group and the p53-negative group （64.9% versus 69.2%, P=0.686）. The negative rate of FHIT protein expression was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma, in moderately and poorly differentiated carcinoma than in well-differentiated carcinoma, and in cases with smoking history than in cases without smoking history （P〈0.05）. There was no relationship between FHIT expression and clinical stage or lymph node metastasis. The negative FHIT expression was not an independent predictor of overall survival （P=0.338）. Conclusion： The frequency of negative expression of FHIT protein is higher than that of positive expression of p53 in NSCLCs. The negative expression of FHIT is independent of the expression of p53. The change of expression of FHIT may play a role in the smoking related lung tumorigenesis while it may have no relationship with the progress of NSCLC or prognosis of the patients.     

GAS7在人骨肉瘤中的表达及其意义

Objective： To detect the expression of GAS7 in osteosarcoma and discuss its significance. Methods： Immunohistochemistry SABC method was applied to detect GAS7 expression in specimens of 54 osteosarcoma and 15 osteochondroma cases. Results： The positive expression rate of GAS7 was 74.7% （40/54） in the group of osteosarcoma and 0% （0/15） in the group of osteochondroma. There was a significant difference in the comparison of GAS expression in these two groups （P 〈 0.05）. GAS7 was higher expressed in the samples which complicated with relapse or pulmonary metastasis than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant association between GAS7 expression and the size of tumor, the gender or the age of the patients （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： The hyper-expression ot GAST may play an important role in the initiation and development of human osteosarcoma.     

三种细胞因子在膀胱癌中表达的意义

Objective To explore the expression of CK19, CK20 and bFGF in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC) and their biological implication. Methods Samples from 54 patients with TCC were examined for expression of CK19, CK20 and bFGF. Results There was a significant difference in CK19 expression between relapse and non-relapse groups (P<0.01); no significant difference was found among groups with different pathological grades and clinical stages (P>0.05). There were significant differences in CK20 expression among groups with different pathological grades (P<0.05) and clinical stages (P<0.01) and between the relapse and nonrelapse groups (P<0.0001). The expression of bFGF was significantly different among groups with different pathological grades and clinical stages and between the relapse and non-relapse groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of CK19, CK20 and bFGF is closely associated with their biological behavior and among them bFGF is primarily secreted by TCC tumor tissues.     

Cytokeratin expression profiles in thyroid carcinomas

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the cytokeratin expression profile of different types of thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 1, 4, 6, 7, 10/13, 18, 19 and 20 in 153 thyroid carcinomas were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: All papillary carcinomas (n=86) and follicular carcinomas (n=19) showed expression of CK7 and CK18. The staining was often diffuse. CK19 staining was expressed in all papillary carcinomas and the staining was often diffuse. The staining was noted in 68% of follicular carcinomas and the staining was often focal. No difference in the expression was noted between the minimally invasive and widely invasive follicular carcinomas. Poorly differentiated carcinomas (n=10) showed CK7, CK18, CK19 expression in 60%, 60% and 40%, respectively. Anaplastic carcinomas (n=25) expressed CK7 in 84%, CK18 in 80%, CK19 in 76% and CK10/13 in 16%. Medullary carcinomas (n=13) showed CK7 expression in 100%, CK18 in 85% and CK19 in 77%. None of the medullary carcinomas showed diffuse positivity to CK19. All the thyroid carcinomas were negative for CKs 1, 4, 6 and 20. Conclusions: Cytokeratin expression profile for each type of thyroid carcinoma was established.     

细胞角蛋白20对膀胱癌早期诊断的前瞻性研究

目的：评估细胞角蛋白20（CK20）标志物作为膀胱癌早期诊断及临床监测的价值。方法：对62例患者的尿液进行尿脱落细胞学及CK20标志物免疫荧光检测的前瞻性研究。分析参数包括肿瘤数目、大小及WHO分级，术前或活检前尿脱落细胞学和CK20标志物。结果：病理活检证实15例移行细胞癌中，CK20为13例阳性，2例阴性；47例非膀胱癌中，CK20标志物2例假阳性。与尿脱落细胞学比较，CK20标志物对膀胱移行细胞癌诊断的特异性和阳性预报值更高，分别为96．0％比82．5％（U＝2．18，P＜0．05），86．7％比52．4％（U＝2．16，P＜0．05）；但两者在敏感性和阴性预报值间无显著性差异（U值分别为：0．91和1．02，P＞0．05）。CK20表达与肿瘤分级间无明显相关性。结论：CK20是诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的一种良好标志物，其特异性明显优于尿脱落细胞学。     

Differential Expression of Cytokeratin 13 in Non-Neoplastic,Dysplastic and Neoplastic Oral Mucosa in a High Risk Pakistani Population

Background: Gradual loss of cytokeratin 13 (CK13) may be linked with the severity of dysplastic changesand transformation to malignancy. In this study we assessed the differential expression of CK13 in normal,hyperplastic, dysplastic and cancerous oral mucosa. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 oral biopsies werecollected during the 2011-2014 period. The biopsies were characterized as normal (19), hyperplastic (21), severelydysplastic/carcinoma in situ (16) and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (37) after morphologicalassessment. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections were stained with a monoclonal antibody against CK13using the Envision technique. Immunohistochemically stained slides were then analyzed for CK13 expression.Results: CK13 was consistently and diffusely expressed in all normal and hyperplastic tissue biopsies fromoral mucosa. Severely dysplastic/carcinoma in situ biopsies showed complete loss in 50% of cases, while in theremaining 50% expression was very focal and weak. OSCC cases showed complete or near complete loss ofCK13 in all cases. Few cases showed weak expression in keratin pearls only. Conclusions: This study validates theutility of CK13 IHC as a useful immunohistochemical marker in routine diagnostic practice to make distinctionbetween non-neoplastic from dysplastic and neoplastic (malignant) oral lesions.     

外周血CK20、uPA mRNA在肺腺癌胸腔积液患者合并远处转移患者中的作用

[目的]探讨细胞角蛋白19（cytokeratin 19,CK 19）mRNA,细胞角蛋白20（cytokeratin20,CK20）mRNA,基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP9）mRNA,尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinase plasminogen activator,uPA）mRNA在肺腺癌胸腔积液患者发生转移的作用。[方法]采用PCR技术和荧光定量RT-PCR检测47例经病理学确诊的肺腺癌合并胸腔积液患者中的CK19、CK20、MMP9、uPA mRNA水平。[结果]47例肺腺癌合并恶性胸腔积液患者CK19 mRNA 0~52 700copies/ml,CK20 mRNA 0~62 900copies/ml。肺腺癌恶性胸腔积液患者合并骨转移者CK20mRNA较无骨转移患者高（1 060 copies/ml vs 566.7 copies/ml,P=0.045）。伴有区域淋巴结转移患者uPA mRNA较无区域淋巴结转移患者高（553.4 copies/ml vs 173.7 copies/ml,P=0.048）。[结论]外周血CK20 mRNA高表达可能使肺腺癌合并胸膜转移患者更易发生骨转移。uPA mRNA表达可能与肺腺癌胸膜转移患者存在区域淋巴结转移相关。     

流式细胞术检测肺癌瘤组织和外周血角蛋白阳性细胞表达

[目的]探讨肺癌患者瘤组织和外周血角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK)阳性细胞的表达及其临床意义.[方法]采用流式细胞术检测和分析了43例肺癌患者瘤组织和外周血CK 细胞的表达情况.[结果]肺癌患者瘤组织和外周血CK 细胞检出率均显著高于相应对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),且两者呈良好的正相关(r=0.325,P＜0.05).肿瘤患者CK 细胞检出率与肿瘤患者性别、年龄无关(P＞0.05);而与肿瘤临床分期、病理分级、瘤灶数、肿瘤大小、转移情况以及癌细胞倍体类型、增殖活性和凋亡水平密切相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).[结论]CK 细胞表达水平与患者临床生物学行为及瘤细胞生物学特性关系十分密切;CK 细胞可以作为肺癌的诊断、恶性度判断、微转移及患者预后估计的标志物.     

CK18、CK19在前列腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究细胞角蛋白18、19（CK18、CK19）在前列腺癌（prostate cancer,PCa）组织中的表达及临床意义。方法:根据以Gleason评分为标准确定的临床危险度,将选择的65例前列腺癌标本分为高危组和低危组。应用免疫组化SP方法检测 CK18、CK19 在前列腺癌组织中的表达,并采用统计学方法分析CK18、CK19的表达与前列腺癌临床危险度的关系。结果:CK18在高危组、低危组前列腺癌中的阳性表达率分别是 31.4%（11/35）、60.0%（15/25）（P=0.028）;CK19在高危组、低危组前列腺癌中的阳性表达率分别是 33.3%（11/33）、65.5%（19/29）（P=0.011）;CK18的表达水平与病情进展到去势抵抗型前列腺癌阶段（castration-resistant prostate cancer,CRPC）的时间存在一定关系:在阳性表达组和阴性表达组中,进展到CRPC阶段的时间均值分别为4.82个月和6.95个月（t=2.501,P=0.018）,结果存在统计学差异。结论:在前列腺癌中,随着临床危险度的增高,CK18、CK19的表达水平呈现降低的趋势;且随着CK18表达水平的下调,进展到CRPC阶段的时间缩短,这对于前列腺癌的辅助诊断、指导治疗及预后判断有一定的指导意义。     

细胞角蛋白13通过PTEN抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路增强鼻咽癌HNE1细胞放疗敏感性

目的:探讨细胞角蛋白13(cytokeratin13,CK13)对鼻咽癌HNE1细胞放疗敏感性的影响及其作用机制.方法:将HNE1细胞分为对照组、anti-CK13#a组及anti-CK13#b组(敲减CK13)、对照组+西罗莫司处理组(100nmol/L的西罗莫司处理1 h)、anti-CK13#a+西罗莫司处理组(...     

Cytokeratin expression patterns in low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder

BACKGROUND: The differential expression patterns of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and 34betaE12 antigen in low-grade papillary urothelial tumors of the bladder are discussed. METHODS: A retrospective study of 120 patients with low-grade papillary bladder tumors (45 neoplasms of low malignant potential and 75 low-grade WHO G1 carcinomas) was performed. All tumors were graded in accordance with the 1998 World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) and 1999 WHO classifications. The mean follow-up was 76.6 months (range, 36-168 mos), considering for prognostic purposes the time to first recurrence, or relapse-free interval (RFI), and the total number of recurrent patients. Immunohistochemically, normal or abnormal CK20 and 34betaE12 antigen expression patterns were determined for each patient. CK20 (clone IT-Ks) and a high-molecular weight cytokeratin (clone 34betaE12) were the monoclonal antibodies used in the immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: Seventy-seven of 120 patients (64.2%) experienced a recurrence during follow-up. In recurrence prediction, the differential expression pattern of both cytokeratins showed a high sensitivity (76.6% for CK20 and 80.5% for 34betaE12 antigen) and a high positive predictive value (85.5% for CK20 and 75.6% for 34betaE12 antigen), although specificity was higher for CK20 (76.7%) than it was for 34betaE12 antigen (53.4%). Independent of adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy, these 2 markers showed a strong statistical correlation (p < 0.001) in univariate studies with both the prediction of disease recurrences and RFI. CONCLUSIONS: CK20 and 34betaE12 antigen have proved to be strong predictive markers of disease recurrences when considering different topographic expression profiles, and, in the authors' opinion, these profiles could be incorporated into follow-up clinicopathologic strategies.