40例行换血治疗的Rh血型系统新生儿溶血病分析

目的:回顾性调查临沂地区40例行换血治疗的Rh新生儿溶血病(HDN)的患儿情况,探讨抗体分布特征及换血治疗策略,为Rh HDN的治疗及预防提供支持资料。方法:选取行换血治疗的Rh HDN进行ABO血型鉴定、抗原表型鉴定,直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离抗体试验、抗体释放试验及抗体特异性鉴定,并统计相关临床资料。结果:在40例换血治疗的Rh HDN中抗-D 27例(67.5%)、抗-E 9例(22.5%)、抗-c 2(5.0%)、抗-D+E 2例(5.0%)。抗-D组与抗-E组在胎龄、出生体重、黄疸出现时间等方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05),抗-E组换血前总胆红素和血红蛋白水平均明显高于抗-D组(P0.05)。27例抗-D引起的HDN中,13例患儿使用5 d内的新鲜红细胞,14例患儿使用冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞进行换血治疗。换血后血清TB水平均显著下降(P0.05)。换血前后Rh-新鲜红细胞组Hb水平显著上升(P0.05);Rh-冰冻红细胞组换血后贫血无加重。所有患儿均痊愈出院。结论:新生儿来自母体被动获得的Rh血型抗体是Non-ABO-HDN主要的致病抗体,以抗-D为主。建议对孕妇孕检常规进行血型不规则抗体检测和鉴定,对早期诊断和预防Rh-HDN有重要意义。对于危重Rh HDN患儿,可以使用Rh阴性新鲜红细胞或者冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞换血。     

孕产妇血型抗体效价测定在产前诊断中的意义

目的：通过对孕产妇血清中血型抗体效价的测定,旨在了解异常IgG抗-A（B）或抗-D水平在孕妇中的分布情况,探讨孕妇血清中IgG类血型抗体效价与新生儿溶血病（HDN）之间的关系,为预防及治疗HDN提供重要的实验依据。方法：采用凝聚胺法分别对1316例0型血孕妇和64例Rh（D）阴性血孕妇血清中IgG抗-A（B）和抗-D水平做出测定。对新生儿运用微柱凝胶法做HDN溶血3项检测。结果：①在所检测的1316例0型血孕妇中,IgG抗-A测定有802例,效价≥64为129例,异常检出率占总抗-A的16．1％;IgG抗-B测定有744例,效价≥64为135例,异常检出率占总抗B的18．1％。其中89例IgG抗A（B）≥64O型血孕妇所生新生儿中,有22例患HDN,阳性率占24．7％;②64例Rh（D）阴性血受检孕妇中,5例检测出IgG抗-D抗体,抗体检出率占7．8％,新生儿中有3例患Rh—HDN。结论：①HDN的发病率随着母体内的IgG类血型抗体水平增高而增大;②对于Rh（D）阴性的孕妇,IgG抗-D效价与孕次成正相关。     

抗E引起交叉配血不合1例

<正>不规则抗体筛查对于保障临床输血安全有重要的意义,而Rh血型抗体则是引起不规则抗体筛查阳性的常见原因。临床输血工作中遇到的Rh血型抗体以抗-E居多,抗-D少见且多为IgG型。出现这种情况的原因可能是RhD阴性个体在汉族人群中为数极少,RhD同型输血的施行有力的预防了抗-D抗体的产生;而RhE阴性个体在人群中为数众多,且RhE存在非同型输血的情况。笔者近来在工作中发现因输血产生IgM、IgG型抗-E患者1     

抗-Di~a抗体引起的新生儿溶血病1例

正新生儿溶血病(hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)是由于母婴血型不合,母亲体内产生与胎儿血型抗原不配合的IgG性质的血型抗体,这种抗体通过胎盘进入到胎儿体内引起的同族免疫性溶血。最常见于ABO溶血病,其次为Rh溶血病,其他血型系统导致HDN比较少见。本文报告1例较罕见Di血型不合引起的HDN。     

孕妇产前血型抗体效价与新生儿溶血病的检测结果分析

目的:探讨新生儿溶血病(HDN)产前血型抗体效价检测与HDN发病的关系。方法:采用血型血清学方法,对453例ABO及Rh血型不合的孕妇做ABO、RhD血型鉴定、抗体筛选、抗体鉴定、抗体效价测定;对135例新生儿检测ABO、RhD血型鉴定、溶血3项试验。结果:产前孕妇IgG抗-A(B)效价64的218例,占51.54%,≥64的205例,占48.46%;Rh血型不合中抗筛阴性18例,产生抗-D 12例,其中2例与ABO合并。建议效价IgG抗-A(B)≥64、IgG抗-D2的服中药治疗,定期监测抗体效价。在135例新生儿中有8例未证实HDN,其余127例确诊为ABO溶血108例,RhD溶血10例,ABO合并RhD溶血2例,RhE、c溶血5例,抗M溶血2例。结论:HDN的临床表现程度与母体内的IgG效价有一定的关系,效价越高,HDN发生率越高。建议临床医生对血型不合的孕妇进行产前血清学检测,以便早期治疗,并对患儿进行溶血病检测,以免延误病情,造成不良后果。     

换血后标本检出Rh抗-D抗体引起新生儿溶血1例

新生儿溶血病(hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)是由于母体内存在着与其胎婴儿红细胞不配合的IgG性质的血型抗体而引起的同族血型被动免疫性疾病。本病例因Rh血型系统抗-D抗体引起的HDN,现将检测结果报告如下。1病例资料患儿,女,5d,出生12h内即出现黄疸并逐渐加重,出生后第4天转院至我市某三甲医院。血常规检测结果:WBC 8.8×109/L,RBC 1.85×1012/     

石家庄地区血型抗体高效价孕妇IgG亚型分析

目的:研究石家庄地区血型抗体高效价孕妇IgG亚型与新生儿溶血病(HDN)的相关性,评价IgG亚型检测的临床价值,为预防HDN的发生提供理论依据。方法:回顾性分析了2017-01—2019-10产前检测的158例抗体高效价孕妇,其中O型Rh(D)阳性孕妇131例,免疫性抗-A(B)效价≥256,Rh(D)阴性孕妇27例,免疫性抗-D效价≥32,采用微柱凝胶技术检测夫妇的血型、孕妇不规则抗体筛选、孕妇抗体及其亚型效价、新生儿溶血3项试验,生化分析仪检测患儿胆红素水平,结合临床评价黄疸程度,对IgG各亚型与患儿溶血情况进行logistic回归分析,分析孕妇血清IgG亚型与患儿黄疸严重程度的相关性。结果:抗体效价及IgG亚型含量的高低与HDN具有相关性,IgG1和IgG2亚型与HDN的发病呈正相关,产后新生儿体内IgG1和IgG3含量与母亲体内含量和溶血严重程度呈正相关。结论:HDN发生与孕妇体内IgG亚型含量密切相关,孕妇血型抗体效价的高低程度不是评估患儿黄疸严重程度的唯一指标,石家庄地区血型抗体高效价孕妇IgG亚型分布情况与国内其他基本一致,测定孕妇IgG抗体亚型,有助于诊断产后新生儿高胆红素血症的发生并预测其严重程度。     

红细胞血型抗体亚类与新生儿溶血病关系的研究

目的:研究新生儿红细胞血型抗体亚类IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4及孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)对引起新生儿溶血病(HDN)的影响.方法:运用微柱凝胶免疫技术(MGIA)对652例夫妇血型不合的孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)进行抗体效价检测,效价≥64为阳性;运用透射免疫比浊法(ITA)对25例HDN患儿红细胞放散液血型抗体亚类IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4进行检测,有相应抗体为阳性.结果:652例夫妇血型不合的孕妇中IgG抗A(B)阳性218例(33.4%),4例Rh血型不合的抗体均为阴性.218例阳性抗体中继承父亲的抗体201例,与父亲无关的抗体17例,发生HDN者25例(11.5%);患儿红细胞血型抗体亚类中引起HDN的抗体比例为IgG1(100%)＞IgG3(80.0%)＞IgG2(44.0%)＞IgG4(4.0%).其中IgG1、IgG3联合引起HDN者80%.结论:在夫妇血型不合的孕妇中,血型抗体效价与HDN发病率成正相关,引起HDN的主要血型抗体亚类是IgG1和IgG3,IgG1的作用机制更强,多数情况2者联合引起HDN.     

Rh、MNS等血型系统不规则抗体导致新生儿溶血病的实验室检测分析

目的:分析并总结武汉地区临床常见不规则抗体所致新生儿溶血的抗体分布特点。方法:对武汉血液中心2006—2016年间所有送检新生儿溶血病的标本中,由不规则抗体导致的新生儿溶血病溶血筛查试验结果进行回顾性分析。结果:344例由不规则抗体导致的新生儿溶血病致病抗体主要来自于Rh和MNS两个血型系统,且Rh系统以抗-D、抗-E比较常见。其他抗体主要还包括抗-M、抗-Mur、抗-Jka、抗-Jkb、抗-Jk3、抗-Fya、抗-Dia、抗-Lea等。Rh血型系统抗体325例(94.48%),其中209例为Rh阴性血孕产妇抗-D抗体、MNS血型系统13例(3.78%)、Kidd血型系统3例(0.87%)、Duffy血型系统1例(0.29%)、Diego血型系统1例(0.29%)、Lewis血型系统1例(0.29%)。结论:武汉地区2006—2016年由不规则抗体导致的新生儿溶血的不规则抗体按照发生频率依次为Rh血型系统、MNS血型系统、Kidd血型系统、Duffy血型系统、Diego血型系统、Lewis血型系统,其中数量最多的是Rh阴性血孕产妇产生的抗-D抗体,且有多次妊娠或输血史产妇占近一半,鉴于有免疫史的孕妇其新生儿溶血呈高发态势,应对Rh阴性血孕产妇应进行产前预防和D阴性孕妇的相容性输注,以避免再次妊娠产生抗体。并对有过多次妊娠或输血史的产妇,加强产前血型单特异性抗体鉴定筛查及表型筛查,尽量使用血型抗原相匹配的供者血液。     

Rh、MNS等血型系统不规则抗体导致新生儿溶血病的实验室检测分析

目的:分析并总结武汉地区临床常见不规则抗体所致新生儿溶血的抗体分布特点。方法:对武汉血液中心2006—2016年间所有送检新生儿溶血病的标本中,由不规则抗体导致的新生儿溶血病溶血筛查试验结果进行回顾性分析。结果:344例由不规则抗体导致的新生儿溶血病致病抗体主要来自于Rh和MNS两个血型系统,且Rh系统以抗-D、抗-E比较常见。其他抗体主要还包括抗-M、抗-Mur、抗-Jka、抗-Jkb、抗-Jk3、抗-Fya、抗-Dia、抗-Lea等。Rh血型系统抗体325例(94.48%),其中209例为Rh阴性血孕产妇抗-D抗体、MNS血型系统13例(3.78%)、Kidd血型系统3例(0.87%)、Duffy血型系统1例(0.29%)、Diego血型系统1例(0.29%)、Lewis血型系统1例(0.29%)。结论:武汉地区2006—2016年由不规则抗体导致的新生儿溶血的不规则抗体按照发生频率依次为Rh血型系统、MNS血型系统、Kidd血型系统、Duffy血型系统、Diego血型系统、Lewis血型系统,其中数量最多的是Rh阴性血孕产妇产生的抗-D抗体,且有多次妊娠或输血史产妇占近一半,鉴于有免疫史的孕妇其新生儿溶血呈高发态势,应对Rh阴性血孕产妇应进行产前预防和D阴性孕妇的相容性输注,以避免再次妊娠产生抗体。并对有过多次妊娠或输血史的产妇,加强产前血型单特异性抗体鉴定筛查及表型筛查,尽量使用血型抗原相匹配的供者血液。     

孕妇产前抗体效价预测新生儿溶血病

目的：探讨O型及Rh阴性孕妇血清中抗体效价来预测新生儿溶血病的关系。方法：采用血型血清学方法,对1256对夫妇血型不合的O型及Rh阴性孕妇检测ABO、RhD血型、抗体筛选、抗体效价。效价≥64的建议服中药治疗,定期检测抗体效价。对新生儿（出生0～7d）发生黄疸后,抽静脉血检测溶血3项。结果：1244名O型孕妇血清中IgG抗-A（B）效价≥64者564例,占45.3%;对12名Rh阴性孕妇血清中产生抗D抗体5例,效价均≥64,占41.6%,7例抗体筛选阴性。IgG抗-A（B）效价≥64并发生ABO-HDN占49.5%。ABO-HDN占产前的比例（279/1244）为22.4%。结论：动态监测夫妇血型免疫抗体效价,及时采取措施以降低孕妇体内IgG抗体效价,降低新生儿发病率,减少并发症,提高人口素质。     

新生儿不规则抗体检测的临床意义

目的：检测新生儿红细胞血型不规则抗体,探讨不规则抗体与新生儿溶血病的关系。方法：对521例新生儿溶血病待确诊患儿通过微柱凝胶卡进行直接抗人球白试验、游离抗体测定、放散试验,不规则抗筛选阳性标本进一步进行不规则抗体鉴定,同时进行不规则抗筛选阳性患儿母亲血型鉴定及不规则抗体筛选、鉴定。结果：检测出抗-D 4例,抗-E 3例,抗-c1,抗-M 1例。结论：应重视孕妇IgG类红细胞血型不规则抗体筛查;根据不规则抗体的特性,可为患儿选择无相应抗原的血液进行综合治疗和换血。     

Reevaluation of the Polyvinylpyrrolidone Sedimentation Test in the Diagnosis of ABO Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Abstract. The rate of cord erythrocytes sedimentation in 1.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution was investigated. Of 70 infants showing accelerated sedimentation rate, 49 had signs of hemolytic disease. Rh incompatibility did not affect the sedimentation rate. Infectious diseases might cause a slight increase in the rate of sedimentation. The test was found to be very sensitive. It could detect ABO incompatibilities even in absence of marked bilirubinemia. Furthermore, positive identification of incompatibilities were obtained in ABO-HDN cases where both direct and indirect Coombs tests were negative. High correlation was noted between anti A and B titer of maternal sera and the accelerated sedimentation of newborn red blood cells. The erythrocytes sedimentation test in PVP (PVP-ESR test) is recommended for the early detection of cases in which the red cells are affected by IgG anti-A or anti-B.     

新生儿溶血病与疑难交叉配血的关系

目的:通过对新生儿科患者配血不合血样检测结果进行分析,找出导致新生儿交叉配血不合的原因并寻求有效的解决办法。方法:通过新生儿溶血病血清学检测方法,可检测患者是由母婴红细胞血型不合引起的新生儿溶血病。结果:直接抗球蛋白试验阴性,由IgG抗-A引起配血不合4例;由IgG抗-B引起配血不合6例;直接抗球蛋白试验阳性,由IgG抗-D引起配血不合3例;由IgG抗-E引起配血不合2例。结论:ABO或Rh血型系统的新生儿溶血病是导致临床疑难交叉配血不合的重要因素之一,配合性输注,可确保临床输血安全。     

Detection of IgG Anti-Lewis (a) Antibodies in Cord Sera by Kinetic Elisa

Lewis blood group antibodies rarely, if ever, cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. This observation has been attributed to the absence both of Lewis antigens on fetal cells and of maternal IgG Lewis antibody. In the present study, sera from 13 mother-infant pairs were tested for the presence of anti-Lewis (a) by hemagglutination and by a sensitive and specific kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By routine hemagglutination methods, anti-Lea was present in all maternal samples but absent in all cord samples. By kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IgG anti-Lea was present in 13 of 13 maternal samples and in 12 of 13 cord samples. These results indicate that IgG anti-Lea antibodies are common and do cross the placenta. This suggests that they do not cause hemolytic disease of the newborn because of the low levels of Lewis antigens on fetal red cells.     

Antigen specificity determines anti‐red blood cell IgG‐Fc alloantibody glycosylation and thereby severity of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a severe disease in which fetal red blood cells (RBC) are destroyed by maternal anti‐RBC IgG alloantibodies. HDFN is most often caused by anti‐D but may also occur due to anti‐K, ‐c‐ or ‐E. We recently found N‐linked glycosylation of anti‐D to be skewed towards low fucosylation, thereby increasing the affinity to IgG‐Fc receptor IIIa and IIIb, which correlated with HDFN disease severity. Here, we analysed 230 pregnant women with anti‐c, ‐E or –K alloantibodies from a prospective screening cohort and investigated the type of Fc‐tail glycosylation of these antibodies in relation to the trigger of immunisation and pregnancy outcome. Anti‐c, ‐E and –K show – independent of the event that had led to immunisation – a different kind of Fc‐glycosylation compared to that of the total IgG fraction, but with less pronounced differences compared to anti‐D. High Fc‐galactosylation and sialylation of anti‐c correlated with HDFN disease severity, while low anti‐K Fc‐fucosylation correlated with severe fetal anaemia. IgG‐Fc glycosylation of anti‐RBC antibodies is shaped depending on the antigen. These features influence their clinical potency and may therefore be used to predict severity and identify those needing treatment.     

11例IgG型免疫溶血性贫血的IgG亚型分布及临床分析

目的:研究11例IgG型免疫溶血性贫血患者IgG亚型的分类及其效价,评价IgG各亚型的疾病类型、贫血程度及疗效等情况.方法:用抗人球蛋白试验确定11例IgG型免疫溶血性贫血患者,进一步用免疫沉淀法鉴定其IgG亚型及效价,分析IgG亚型的类型及效价与其临床疾病、贫血程度及疗效相关性.结果:11例IgG型AIHA患者中,以IgG1型最为常见,效价多＞2430.其中1例为药物诱发所致,2例特发性温抗体自身免疫溶血性贫血(WAIHA)为IgG1型,引起的贫血程度为中等,对激素疗效佳;8例继发性WAIHA患者中,也以IgG1型最为多见,效价多＞2430;3例并发含有IgG3亚型患者的贫血较为严重,治疗效果不理想;而IgG4和IgG2亚型者较为少见.结论:分析IgG型免疫溶血性贫血患者的IgG亚型及效价,可作为Coombs'试验的辅助实验,它有助于探讨疾病的发生发展,并有助于分析贫血的严重程度、疗效及预后.     

Low anti‐RhD IgG‐Fc‐fucosylation in pregnancy: a new variable predicting severity in haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) may occur when maternal IgG antibodies against red blood cells (RBCs), often anti‐RhD (anti‐D) antibodies, cross the placenta and mediate the destruction of RBCs via phagocytic IgG‐Fc‐receptors (FcγR). Clinical severity is not strictly related to titre and is more accurately predicted by the diagnostically‐applied monocyte‐based antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a sensitive test with relatively low specificity. This suggests that other factors are involved in the pathogenesis of HDFN. Binding of IgG to FcγR requires the N‐linked glycan at position 297 in the IgG‐Fc‐region, consisting of several different glycoforms. We therefore systematically analysed IgG‐derived glycopeptides by mass spectrometry from 70 anti‐D IgG1 antibodies purified from the plasma of alloimmunized pregnant women. This revealed a variable decrease in Fc‐fucosylation in the majority of anti‐D IgG1 (even down to 12%), whereas the total IgG of these patients remained highly fucosylated, like in healthy individuals (>90%). The degree of anti‐D fucosylation correlated significantly with CD16 (FcγRIIIa)‐mediated ADCC, in agreement with increased affinity of defucosylated IgG to human FcγRIIIa. Additionally, low anti‐D fucosylation correlated significantly with low fetal‐neonatal haemoglobin levels, thus with increased haemolysis, suggesting IgG‐fucosylation to be an important pathological feature in HDFN with diagnostic potential.     

Detection of antinuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) antibody producing cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with mixed connective tissue disease

Antinuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) antibody forming cells were detected in pokeweed mitogen activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 5 of 6 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) in the presence of rabbit antihuman IgG antiserum and guinea pig complement as hemolytic plaque forming cells (indirect PFC). In the absence of rabbit antihuman IgG antiserum, direct PFC were detected only in a case of PBL from the 6 patients. Although we have successfully detected mainly IgG anti-nRNP antibody forming cells in PBL from patients with MCTD, numbers of PFC did not correlate with the serum levels of IgG anti-nRNP determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.