“优思明”对人工流产术后并发症的预防

目的 观察人流术后服用优思明对术后并发症的预防作用.方法 820例妊娠40-70d,要求人工终止妊娠的健康育龄妇女,均无器质性病变,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组400例.观察组术后当天开始服用优思明,连用3个周期,对照组不用.两组均应用抗生素和收缩子宫类药物.观察两组术后阴道出血时间、出血量、月经复潮时间、月经量、有无宫腔积血、有无宫腔粘连.结果 观察组阴道出血量更少,阴道出血时间更短,月经复潮时间更短,月经量减少较少,宫腔积血更少,宫腔黏连明显减少.结论 优思明能有效预防人流术后并发症,值得推广应用.     

对比优思明片和(或)几丁糖凝胶对人工流产后子宫复旧的影响

目的 对比分析人工流产术后患者即时口服优思明片和(或)宫腔应用几丁糖凝胶对月经复潮时间、月经量、宫腔粘连的影响。方法 随机将9 300例早期妊娠要求终止妊娠或需要终止妊娠的患者分为4组,其中优思明药物组2000例,几丁糖组1800例,联合药物组3000例,对照组2500例,随访4组人流术后月经复潮时间、月经量及宫腔粘连发生率。结果 3组药物治疗组较对照组月经复潮时间短(P<0.05),月经量减少率及宫腔粘连发生率低(P<0.05);联合药物组较优思明组及几丁糖组月经复潮时间短(P<0.05),宫腔粘连发生率低(P<0.05),月经量无明显差异(P>0.05);优思明组较几丁糖组月经复潮时间短(P<0.05),宫腔粘连发生率低(P<0.05),但月经量无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 人工流产术后即时联合应用优思明片和几丁糖凝胶能尽快恢复月经,明显减少宫腔粘连发生率,同时不影响月经量,明显改善人流后子宫复旧情况,减少病患痛苦,值得临床上广泛推广应用。     

瑞术康联合克龄蒙预防术后宫腔粘连59例

目的评价瑞术康联合克龄蒙用于防止多次人流术后宫腔粘连的效果。方法选择2011年3月至2012年8月在医院多次人工流产的患者118例,随机分成观察组及对照组,各59例。观察组在人工流产术后术中给予瑞术康2 mL,术后应用克龄蒙每日1片(前11片含戊酸雌二醇2 mg,后10片含醋酸环丙孕酮1 mg和戊酸雌二醇2 mg),连续口服21 d,对照组不给药。随访术后首次月经复潮时间和月经量,有无周期性腹痛,B超检查有无宫腔积血,宫腔镜检查有无粘连及其程度。结果观察组术后月经复潮时间为(33±5)d,月经量减少2例;对照组月经复潮时间为(41±4)d,月经量减少9例,其中1例月经量减少伴周期性腹痛,经宫腔镜检查并分离;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组轻度粘连2例,中度粘连1例,未见重度粘连发生;对照组轻度粘连7例,中度粘连4例,重度粘连1例;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多次人工流产术后应用瑞术康联合克龄蒙对宫腔粘连有预防作用。     

26例人工流产后常规放置节育环预防宫腔粘连的临床体会

目的：了解人工流产后同时放置节育环,对宫腔粘连的预防作用。方法26例行人工流产自愿放置节育环患者,连续用3个月,随访观察,术后第1次月经来潮时间,月经量的多少,有无腹痛,彩超检查子宫恢复情况,有无宫腔积血,对月经量减少者做宫腔镜检查,观察宫腔是否粘连及粘连程度。结果术后月经复潮时间为35~40 d,月经量增多3例,月经量减少1例。对月经量减少行宫腔镜检查结果发现,为轻度粘连,发生率3.8%,中度粘连和重度粘连均未发生。结论人工流产后放置节育环对宫腔粘连有很好的预防作用。     

左炔诺孕酮炔雌醇对多次人工流产后宫腔粘连的预防

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮炔雌醇对多次人工流产后宫腔粘连的预防作用.方法:2007年1月-2008年12月我院妇产科行第三次人工流产孕妇87例,随机分为研究组(A组,41例)和对照组(B组,46例),A组在人工流产后当晚开始服用左炔诺孕酮炔雌醇(三相)片治疗,B组仪进行口头避孕咨询.随访和观察术后阴道流血持续时间、人流术后月经复潮时间和量的变化、腹痛症状、宫腔镜检查(术后3月)宫腔粘连有无及其程度和乳腺彩超检查.并对上述监测指标进行比较分析.结果:A组术后阴道流血持续时间、月经复潮时间均短于B组;A组月经复潮量减少和腹痛比率低于B组(P＜0.05).3个月后宫腔镜检查A组宫腔轻度粘连比率、中度粘连比率均低于B组(P＜0.05).乳腺彩超随访A组无乳腺增生.结论:左炔诺孕酮炔雌醇对多次人工流产后宫腔粘连具有预防作用.     

人工流产术后口服优思明139例临床观察

目的探讨人工流产术后口服优思明(含屈螺酮3mg+炔雌醇30μg)的临床作用。方法将278例行人工流产术患者随机分为两组。对照组139例患者术后即时服用抗生素及益母颗粒,观察组139例患者另加服优思明,观察两组患者子宫内膜恢复情况、阴道出血持续时间、宫腔感染率及月经复潮时间。结果对照组6周后宫体内膜平均厚度5.0±0.9mm,宫体感染率2.3%,月经复潮平均时间42.0±2.3d,术后阴道出血持续时间7.0±2.3d;观察组6周后宫体内膜平均厚度7.0±0.6mm,宫体感染率0.9%,月经复潮平均时间25±2.7d,术后阴道出血持续时间5.0±2.8d。结论观察组患者加服优思明后,阴道出血持续时间和月经复潮时间减短,子宫内膜厚度增加,宫腔感染率降低;优思明能显著减少人工流产术后近期和远期并发症,利于术后恢复。     

人工流产后服用短效避孕药对宫腔粘连的预防作用

目的了解人工流产后应用短效避孕药对宫腔粘连的预防作用。方法随机选择在我院已经行第三次人工流产的自愿者100例，分成研究组及对照组，各50例。研究组在人工流产后开始应用短效避孕药三相片（特居乐），连续用3个周期，对照组不给药。随访观察术后首次月经复潮时间和月经量有无减少，有无周期性腹痛，B超检查有无官腔积血，宫腔镜检查观察有无粘连及程度。结果研究组术后月经复潮时间为（30±3）d，月经量减少1例；而对照组月经复潮时间为40±5天，月经量减少6例。两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。两组均无周期性腹痛及官腔积血情况。研究组轻度粘连发生率4％，中度粘连发生率2％，未见重度粘连发生。对照组轻度粘连发生率12％，中度粘连发生率4％，未见重度粘连发生。两组比较，粘连总发生率及轻度粘连发生率研究组低于对照组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论人工流产后应用短效避孕药对宫腔粘连有一定预防作用。     

人工流产术后预防宫腔粘连临床疗效分析

目的评价人工流产术后预防宫腔粘连方法的疗效。方法选择在大同县人民医院妇产科行人工流产术者256例,随机分为4组,各64例。A组为几丁糖+妈富隆组,即人工流产术后宫腔内注入几丁糖,并且当天开始口服妈富隆,1片/d,连用21d;B组为几丁糖组,即术后宫腔内注入几丁糖;C组为妈富隆组,即术后当天开始口服妈富隆,1片/d,连用21d,A、B、C3组术后均常规给予抗生素及益母草颗粒剂服用;D组当天开始仅按常规口服抗生素及益母草颗粒剂为对照组。术后定期随访,观察4组术后阴道出血量及时间、首次月经复潮时间、有无周期性腹痛,B超检查有无宫腔积血,宫腔镜检查观察有无粘连及程度。结果 A、B、C3组(尤其是A组)术后阴道流血量均少于对照组,流血时间较对照组短(P<0.05),术后月经恢复正常比例高于对照组(P<0.05);术后宫腔粘连A、B、C3组的发生比例分别为3.13%,7.81%,6.25%,但是对照组为20.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论人工流产术后宫腔内注入几丁糖及口服复方短效避孕药妈富隆可以减少阴道流血量,缩短阴道流血时间,减少宫腔粘连发生,促进月经恢复。     

几丁糖预防人工流产术后宫腔粘连的临床效果

目的评价几丁糖在预防人工流产术后宫腔粘连的临床效果。方法将200例自愿人工流产的患者随机分为试验组和对照组各100例,对照组术后按常规处理,试验组是术后宫腔内注入几丁糖,然后按常规处理。术后定期随访,观察两组术后有无周期性腹痛,超声检查有无宫腔内积血,宫腔镜检查观察有无粘连及程度。结果术后宫腔粘连试验组与对照组的发生比例分别为2%与14%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人工流产术后宫腔内应用几丁糖可以减少宫腔粘连发生。     

优思明在人流术后预防宫腔粘连的效果评价

目的 分析讨论优思明应用在人流术后预防宫腔粘连中的临床效果.方法 本组选择2013年7月~2016年7月在我院接受治疗的88例人流术后患者作为观察对象,分为对照组和试验组,每组44例.其中,对照组术后无需特殊用药,试验组采用优思明治疗.结果 对照组的宫腔粘连发生率为22.73%,试验组患者的宫腔粘连发生率为9.09%,试验组患者的宫腔粘连发生率明显的比对照组低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 优思明应用在人流术后预防宫腔粘连中疗效确切,可有效的预防宫腔粘连,对于降低不良反应发生率以及提高生活质量等具有着非常重要的作用,确保患者早日恢复健康,值得在临床中广泛推广应用.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.