小儿恙虫病胸部X线表现(附28例报告)

小儿恙虫病胸部Ｘ线表现（附２８例报告）ＴｓｕｔｓｕｇａｍｕｓｈｉｉｎＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ：Ｘ－ｒａｙＦｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆＣｈｅｓｔ汪永平耿文华云南省开远市开远铁路分局医院放射科６６１０００近年来小儿恙虫病报道增多［１～３］，但有关本病胸部Ｘ线表现特点还未...     

累及胸部的Behcet‘s病：病理,临床和影像表现

本论述了累及胸部的Ｂｅｈｃｅｔ＇ｓ病的病理改变、临床特点和影像表现。胸部Ｘ线片是评价Ｂｅｈｃｅｔ＇ｓ病累及胸部的最佳诊断手段，ＣＴＡ和ＭＲＡ是可取代动静脉造影以评价血管并发症的影像技术。     

肾钙乳（Milk of Calcium Renal Stone）

肾钙乳（ＭｉｌｋｏｆＣａｌｃｉｕｍＲｅｎａｌＳｔｏｎｅ）黎孝勇肾钙乳为一少见病，１９３７年由Ｆｒｅｓ－ｎａｓｓ［‘３首次报道，１９５９年Ｈｏｗｅｄ［‘ｊ依其Ｘ线表现而命名。近来文献报道渐多，一致认为其发病机制与梗阻和感染有关，Ｘ线检查即能确诊。为加强...     

肺出血型钩端螺旋体病X线表现(附50例X线分析)

肺出血型钩端螺旋体病Ｘ线表现（附５０例Ｘ线分析）ＴｈｅＸ－ｒａｙＭａｎｉｆｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＳｐｉｒｏｃｈｅｔｏｓｉｓｏｆＰｕｌｍｏｒｎａｒｙＨｅｍｏｒｒｈａｇｉｃＴｙｐｅ（ＡｎＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆ５０Ｃａｓｅｓ）程晓庭①程飞航②肺出血型钩端螺旋...     

乳腺Paget病的X线表现

目的：探讨乳腺Ｐａｇｅｔ病的Ｘ线表现及其临床意义。材料和方法：结合临床及病理资料系统分析８例经手术证实的乳腺Ｐａｇｅｔ病的Ｘ线平片。结果：乳腺Ｘ线检查阳性发现率为８７．５％。主要Ｘ线表现为：乳房内肿块４例，其中２例伴有乳头凹陷。乳房内成簇成片钙化３例，其中１例伴有乳头乳晕皮肤增厚，均无腋下淋巴结转移。结论：虽然乳腺Ｐａｇｅｔ病的Ｘ线表现无明显特异性，但Ｘ线检查是乳头湿疹样改变的绝对指征。放射科医生能够认识和掌握Ｐａｇｅｔ病的临床特征，对该病的早期诊断意义重大。     

主动脉窦瘤X线征象与造影表现及其在治疗中的意义

主动脉窦瘤Ｘ线征象与造影表现及其在治疗中的意义蒋瑾主动脉窦瘤又称Ｖａｌｓａｌｖａ＇ｓ窦瘤，窦瘤破裂后导致急性心功能不全，及时评价Ｘ线征象与主动脉造影表现，对治疗有明显帮助。作者通过分析我院近１０年共收治７例主动脉窦瘤病例，讨论Ｘ线平片与造影表现对治疗...     

评“Osgood－Schlatter’s病的X线研究”

评“Ｏｓｇｏｏｄ－Ｓｃｈｌａｔｔｅｒ’ｓ病的Ｘ线研究”吴恩惠，柳祥庭Ｏｓｇｏｏｄ－Ｓｃｈｌａｔｔｅｒ＇ｓ病好发于１１～１５岁男性青少年，少数病例有外伤史，主要临床症状为腔骨结节处肿痛。多年来对本病的性质存在分歧，有许多不同的学说，认为本病与缺血性坏死...     

CT在变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病诊断中的价值

ＣＴ在变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病诊断中的价值张涛蔡丰严洪珍文昭明变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病（ａｌｅｒｇｉｃｂｒｏｎｃｈｏｐｕｌ－ｍｏｎａｒｙａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｏｓｉｓ，ＡＢＰＡ）是一种支气管肺的免疫性疾病。其临床表现、免疫特点和Ｘ线表现国内已有报道［１，２...     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎43例X线影像诊断分析

胆脂瘤型中耳炎４３例Ｘ线影像诊断分析ＯｔｉｔｉｓＭｅｄｉａｗｉｔｈＣｈｏｌｅｓｌｅａｔｏｍａ：Ｘ－ｒａｙＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆ４３Ｃａｓｅｓ杨新强胆脂瘤型中耳炎临床多见。Ｘ线检查是诊断的重要手段，对临床有一定的参考及指导意义。但Ｘ线对部分病例在诊断上有...     

小儿肠道寄生虫病肺部X线表现

小儿肠道寄生虫病肺部Ｘ线表现ＥｎｔｅｒｉｃＰａｒａｓｉｔｉｃＤｉｓｅａｓｅｉｎＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ：Ｘ－ｒａｙＭａｎｉｆｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＬｕｎｇ麦孔川王家义△肠道寄生虫病在小儿期是常见病多发病，而该症引起肺部Ｘ线改变的报告很少。笔者收集１０例，现报告...     

Adult Hirschsprung's disease

Two cases of adult Hirschsprung's disease are reported along with a review of 47 cases reported in the literature. Chronic constipation is present in almost all cases. The barium enema examination may suggest the diagnosis if an area of smooth narrowing with proximal dilatation is seen (83%), but biopsy proof of absence of ganglion cells is necessary. Fourteen per cent of patients had a dilated colon without a narrowed segment. Anal manometry is helpful if it demonstrates absence of normal anorectal inhibitory reflex. Total colonic aganglionosis in the adult has been reported, but is exceptionally unusual. The diagnosis of adult Hirschsprung's disease should be suspected in patients with a history of chronic constipation and appropriate radiographic findings.     

婴儿先天性巨结肠X线诊断

目的：探讨婴儿先天性巨结肠的Ｘ线特征及其检查方法。材料和方法：经手术及病理证实的１７例婴儿先天性巨结肠的Ｘ线表现与手术结果对照。结果：婴儿先天性巨结肠好发于直肠及乙状结肠的交界处。最典型的Ｘ线表现为狭窄、移行、扩张段并２４小时后均有不同程度的钡潴留。婴儿期先天性巨结肠的检查方法具有一定的特殊性。结论：Ｘ线检查是诊断婴儿先天性巨结肠的重要方法,绝大多数病例具有典型的表现。     

全结肠无神经节细胞症X线诊断(附13例报告)

目的：探讨全结肠无神经节细胞症的X线表现,及其X线诊断方法。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的全结肠无神经节细胞症13例,均作腹部平片和钡剂灌肠检查。结果：腹部平片显示普遍性小肠胀气13例,出现液平9例,无1例结肠或直肠充气,钡灌肠（13例）显示结肠细小10例,3例结肠近似正常,有1例表现结肠缩短,1例合并多处穿孔,6例排钡延。结论：钡肠检查仍是目前X线诊断全结肠无神经节细胞症的主要方法。     

儿童克隆病的X线诊断

目的：探讨传统X线检查方法对儿童克隆病的诊断及其X线征象,以提高该病的X线检查诊断率,方法：28例行肠系钡餐和／或钡灌肠检查诊断为克隆病的患儿,经手术和病理学确诊13例,比较各种X线检查方法的诊断特异性及分析儿童克隆病的X线特征。结果：肠系钡餐对克隆病的诊断特异性为36．3％,钡灌肠为20．0％,两者联合应用诊断特异性显著提高达66．7％,儿童克隆病的X线特征易与肠结核,淋巴昆淆,结论：加强对和童克隆的重视,提高对X线征象的认识,以及联合应用肠系钡餐及钡灌肠检查方法将有助于克隆病诊断率的提高。     

Volvulus of the splenic flexure: radiographic features

Six cases of splenic flexure volvulus were studied over a 14-year period. The patients were aged 15-62 years. Five of the six patients were mentally retarded, lifelong residents of a long-term-care institution. Two patients had congenital absence of normal colonic attachments; the other four patients had elongated mesocolons, presumably from chronic constipation. All patients underwent abdominal radiography, followed by a barium enema study. In the appropriate clinical setting, radiographic diagnosis of a splenic flexure volvulus is suggested when the following are seen: (a) a markedly dilated, air-filled colon wtih an abrupt termination at the anatomic splenic flexure; (b) two widely separated air-fluid levels, one in the transverse colon and the other in the cecum; (c) an empty descending and sigmoid colon; and (d) a characteristic beak at the anatomic splenic flexure at a barium enema examination.     

Chronic diverticulitis: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to present a series of 14 patients with chronic diverticulitis on barium enema examinations and to correlate the radiographic findings with the clinical and pathologic findings in these patients. CONCLUSION: Chronic diverticulitis is a distinct pathologic entity characterized by the frequent development of chronic obstructive symptoms and abdominal pain rather than the classic clinical findings of acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Barium enema examinations usually reveal a relatively long segment of circumferential narrowing in the sigmoid colon with a spiculated contour and tapered margins, sometimes associated with retrograde obstruction. Our experience suggests that chronic diverticulitis can often be diagnosed on the basis of the characteristic clinical and radiographic findings in these patients.     

成年人先天性巨结肠的X线诊断

目的 研究成人先天性巨结肠症的Ｘ线表现。方法 对６例患者作了钡灌肠检查，全部经手术证实。结果 成人先天性巨结肠症的主要的Ｘ线表现为直肠部可见３～７ｃｍ的局限性狭窄，其近端的结肠壁增厚、肠腔明显扩张，最宽达２２ｃｍ，狭窄段和扩张段之间可见长２～６ｃｍ、呈圆锥或漏斗状逐渐扩张的移行段。２例合并有粪石形成。结论 钡灌肠是术前诊断本病的最可靠和简便的方法。     

节细胞性副神经节瘤的影像表现及临床病理分析(附3例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨节细胞性副神经节瘤的影像表现及其临床病理学特点。资料与方法结合临床病理特征及文献,回顾性分析3例经手术病理证实的节细胞性副神经节瘤的影像表现。3例均行全消化道钡剂造影及CT平扫与增强。结果 CT检查示肿块分别位于十二指肠降段、上段空肠及中段空肠,3例均表现为肠腔内软组织密度肿块,肿块最大直径1.6～4.9 cm。3例病灶均未见钙化、出血及包膜。增强后上段空肠病灶呈明显周边强化,中央见无强化区,周围见肿大淋巴结;余2例表现为明显均匀强化。上段空肠病灶钡剂造影表现为局部肠管扩张,肠管内见一较大充盈缺损影,局部黏膜变平,肠管柔软,蠕动正常;余2例钡剂造影未见异常。3例均位于黏膜下,肿块实性质软,切面见丰富血管网,未见包膜。镜下全部肿块均由上皮样细胞、神经节样细胞及梭形细胞三种细胞构成。免疫组织化学标记上皮样细胞均表达嗜铬粒素A(CgA)、突触素(Syn)及神经元特异性醇化酶(NSE),1例亦表达细胞角蛋白(CK);梭形细胞均表达神经丝蛋白(NF)及S-100蛋白;神经节样细胞表达NF、NSE。结论节细胞性副神经节瘤的影像表现有一定特点,但缺乏特异性,确诊需结合组织病理学及免疫组织化学检查。     

Radiological findings in total colon aganglionosis and allied disorders

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the radiological findings of three cases of total colon aganglionosis (TCA), hypoganglionosis, and immature ganglionosis, and to compare the differences in diagnosis and follow-up of these three disease entities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three neonates with neonatal onset of abdominal distension with vomiting were investigated, and the cases were diagnosed as TCA, hypoganglionosis, and immature ganglionosis, respectively. Radiological examination of each neonate was performed during the neonatal period and at follow-up. RESULTS: A plain abdominal radiograph showed massive abdominal bowel gas and multiple air-fluid levels in all cases. Barium enema findings including no transition zone, normal rectosigmoid index, reflux of barium into a dilated ileum, and retention of barium on delayed film were observed in all three cases. In aganglionosis and hypoganglionosis, a normal-sized colon, irregular contraction, shortening of the colon, and lack of redundancy were observed. In immature ganglionosis, microcolon was present but there was no shortening of the colon or loss of redundancy. Barium studies following ileostomy during childhood revealed no efficient peristalsis after the neonatal period in patients with aganglionosis and hypoganglionosis. Conversely, the patient with immature ganglionosis showed maturity of colonic function on barium studies after infancy. CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiological findings of TCA and allied disorders are similar in neonates. Sequential contrast intestinal studies could reveal peristalsis of the colon wall, suggesting maturity of the ganglion cells.     

Retractile mesenteritis involving the colon: barium enema, sonographic, and CT findings

Retractile mesenteritis is a rare disorder characterized by either focal or diffuse thickening of the mesentery due to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Six cases are reported in which stenosis of the colon, an uncommon complication of retractile mesenteritis, was the predominant radiologic finding. Diagnosis was suggested by the tapered, serrated appearance of the stenotic segment on barium enema complemented by the findings on sonography and CT.