广东省珠三角城市3～6岁儿童忽视状况调查

目的探讨广东省珠三角城市3～6岁儿童忽视状况,为相关部门采取防治儿童忽视措施提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法采用《中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷》调查广东省珠三角10个城市25所幼儿园的2 581名3～6岁儿童家长。结果广东省珠三角城市3～6岁儿童总忽视率为35.31%,总忽视度为42.22。男、女童的总忽视率分别为35.83%和34.35%,总忽视度分别为42.86和41.39,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男童在身体和教育层面的忽视率均高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男童在情感、安全、医疗层面的忽视度均高于女童,而女童在教育层面的忽视度高于男童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄儿童在各层面的忽视率和忽视度比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中6岁儿童在各层面的忽视率和忽视度均最大,与其他组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同家庭类型的儿童在教育、情感、安全层面的忽视率及身体、教育、医疗层面的忽视度比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论广东省珠三角10个城市儿童忽视情况有其特殊性,更应该引起相关部门和家长的重视。     

陕西省3～6岁城区儿童忽视状况的调查分析

目的 了解陕西省3—6岁城区儿童的忽视状况。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，对陕西省7个城市社区的683户有3～6岁儿童的家庭用“中国3—6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷”进行问卷调查，并进行相应的统计分析。结果 陕西省3—6岁城区儿童的总忽视率为32．5％，总忽视度为42．5，忽视总分值为154．9，与2002年全国的调查结果相比，总忽视率间差别有显著性意义，总忽视度与忽视总分值间差异无显著性意义。男、女童在忽视率和忽视度上差异无显著性意义；不同年龄忽视率间差异无显著性意义，6岁组儿童的忽视程度与3岁组间差异有显著性意义。从不同的忽视层面来看，陕西省儿童在身体和安全层面受到的忽视较多，而在教育、身体、情感层面受到的忽视较重。结论 陕西省3～6岁城区儿童的忽视状况较全国更为严重，应引起重视。     

南宁市城区学龄前儿童忽视状况的调查分析

目的了解南宁市城区3~6岁儿童忽视发生状况。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,用《中国3~6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷》对南宁市6个城区12所托幼机构的3 395名3~6岁儿童家长进行调查和统计分析,从身体、情感、教育、安全和医疗等5个层面进行忽视状况分析。结果南宁市城区3~6岁儿童忽视发生率为25.01%,总忽视度为40.20;男女儿童身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗层面及总体忽视率、忽视度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3岁组儿童身体、情感、教育层面及总体忽视率最高(P<0.05),6岁组则最低(P<0.05)。3岁组儿童身体层面忽视度最高,6岁组最低(P<0.05);5岁组儿童情感层面忽视度最高,3岁组最低(P<0.05);6岁组儿童安全层面忽视度最高,5岁组最低(P<0.05)。儿童同时受2~4种忽视的比例较高82.69%(702/849),同时受5种忽视较少3.18%(27/849)。结论南宁市城区儿童忽视现状较为严重,不同年龄组的忽视状况有所不同,应引起重视。     

新疆伊宁市1306名7～9岁儿童六龄齿患龋率调查分析

目的了解新疆伊宁市7～9岁儿童第一恒磨牙(六龄齿)患龋率水平及其主要原因,为预防和治疗儿童龋病提供参考依据。方法选择1 306名7～9岁儿童作为调查对象,由接受过口腔健康调查培训的口腔专业医师使用常规口腔检查器械对龋病现况进行调查记录,按照不同年龄、性别、民族分为7、8、9岁组和民、汉男女童组,并对各组患龋率进行分析。结果 (1)伊宁市7～9岁儿童患龋率为29.94%,各年龄组患龋率分别为13.92%、28.30%、36.90%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)不同性别及不同民族儿童间患龋率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论伊宁市7～9岁儿童六龄齿患龋率随着年龄增长而增加,女童患龋率高于男童,少数民族儿童患龋率高于汉族儿童。     

重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童忽视状况的调查分析

目的：了解重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童的忽视状况。方法采取分层随机抽样的方法,对重庆市主城九区18个街道的1316名3～6岁儿童,运用“中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视常模”进行问卷调查。采用SPSS13．0软件对不同年龄、性别、忽视层面（身体、情感、教育、安全和医疗）的忽视率与忽视度进行统计学描述与检验。结果重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童总忽视率为22．95％,总忽视度为39．56±7．19,不同性别、各年龄组间儿童在忽视率和忽视度上差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。儿童忽视的5种类型中,忽视率为5．09％～10．64％,其中安全与身体忽视的频率较高,分别为10．64％与9．50％;忽视度为36．94～41．24,教育、身体忽视的强度较大,分别为41．24±10．43与39．81±9．32。除各年龄组儿童情感忽视度外,5种类型的忽视率与其他4类的忽视度在各年龄组及男女童间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。儿童同时受忽视种类发生率在不同性别与各年龄组间差异均无统计学意义,所有儿童均以单项（即只在5种忽视种类的任何一种）受忽视为主,发生率13．68％,构成比59．60％。结论重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童受到忽视的频率与强度均处于一般水平,除情感忽视强度外,不同性别、各年龄的儿童受到忽视的频率和强度相同。儿童安全与身体受到忽视的频率较高,教育、情感受到忽视的强度较大。所有儿童均以单项受忽视为主。     

农村留守儿童手足口病家长焦虑相关因素分析与对策

目的:探讨农村留守儿童手足口病家长焦虑水平及其影响因素,有针对性地实施干预措施。方法:采用zungs焦虑自评量表(SAS)及一般情况调查表对126例留守儿童手足口病家长进行问卷调查。结果:患儿家长SAS得分为(47.25±10.44)分,高于国内常模(29.78±0.46)分,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。焦虑程度与性别、年龄、文化程度、对疾病的认识、患儿住院次数、家庭经济状况、医疗费用支付方式等因素相关。结论:护理人员应关注农村留守儿童手足口病家长的心理状态,并根据其特殊性,有针对性地采取应对措施,减轻焦虑症状。     

2143例0～12岁儿童血清碱性磷酸酶结果探讨

目的探讨2143例0～12岁儿童血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的结果。方法应用SIEMENS Dimension RxL Max全自动生化分析仪检测2143例来本院体检的0～12岁儿童血清ALP,对所得的数据进行统计学处理。结果儿童血清ALP值在3～岁、9～岁和10～岁组男女性别间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余组男女性别间差异均无统计学意义。儿童血清ALP值在1～岁、10～岁、11～12岁年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其他年龄组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 0～12岁儿童血清ALP水平显著高于成人。儿童时期血清ALP水平与其年龄和性别相关,应根据不同性别、年龄的儿童相应的发育情况给予不同的参考范围。     

农村留守经历对大学新生逆境商与自我概念的影响

目的:探讨农村留守经历大学新生逆境商(AQ)与自我概念的特点及相互关系.方法 :采用AQ量表和田纳西自我概念量表对287名农村留守经历大学生以及133名农村无留守经历大学生进行评测.结果 :留守经历大学生中,女生的忍耐因子评分高于男生(P<0.05).不同共留守时间农村留守经历大学生间的AQ量表各因子评分及总分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).6~11岁开始留守大学生的AQ量表总分均高于<6岁和>11岁者(P<0.05和P<0.01),控制因子评分高于<6岁者(P<0.05),延伸因子评分显著高于>11岁者(P<0.01).留守经历大学生的生理自我和自我认同因子评分均低于无留守经历大学生(P<0.05).留守经历大学生中,女生的道德自我、家庭自我和自我行动因子评分均高于男生(P<0.05~P<0.01),自我批评因子评分显著低于男生(P<0.01).留守经历大学生的AQ总分与自我概念各因子均存在相关关系,道德自我与社会自我对AQ总分有正性预测作用.结论 :与无留守经历大学生相比,留守经历大学生的AQ发展水平无明显不同,自我概念发展水平相对略低.     

皖北农村留守儿童就医现状分析及对策探讨

目的:了解皖北农村留守儿童卫生服务利用状况及影响因素,为促进留守儿童健康成长和卫生服务公平发展提供建议。方法:对皖北地区2所农村小学437名学生实施问卷调查,并对248名监护人和部分基层医护人员进行访谈。结果:留守儿童四周患病率60.6%稍高于非留守儿童的59.3%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);留守儿童患病后未采取任何措施占9.5%,高于非留守儿童的6.5%(P<0.05)。生病未就诊原因中:14.6%的单亲留守儿童选择经济原因,高于双亲和非留守儿童(P<0.01);双亲和单亲留守儿童选择"无人陪同"比例高于非留守儿童(P<0.01)。Logistic 回归分析:独生子女、父母外出务工时间、参加医保情况、父母文化程度、家庭人口数等因素对留守儿童的卫生利用情况产生影响。结论:农村留守儿童和非留守儿童卫生需求差别不大,他们的实际就医行为比例相对较低,故应加大农村留守儿童卫生服务保障力度。     

宁夏农村留守儿童行为问题现况调查及影响因素研究

目的:开展针对农村留守儿童行为问题及相关因素的调查,为今后留守儿童心理健康辅导提供科学依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取宁夏某县6所小学和2所初中6～15岁学生共1 394名,其中留守儿童622名,非留守儿童772名。采用自编儿童一般资料调查问卷和Conners父母症状问卷(Parent Symptom Questionnaire,PSQ)进行调查,非条件Logistic回归用于行为问题相关因素分析。结果:宁夏农村6～15岁留守儿童的行为问题检出率为17.8%,留守儿童PSQ各因子得分均高于非留守儿童(均P<0.05),回族留守儿童PSQ因子得分均明显高于汉族留守儿童以及回族非留守儿童(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,留守女童(OR=2.001)、回族留守儿童(OR=2.945)、住校留守儿童(OR=2.572)更容易出现行为问题,学校在远离县城的农村的留守儿童(OR=0.487)则不容易出现行为问题。结论:宁夏留守儿童行为问题情况不乐观。其影响因素复杂,减少农村留守儿童行为问题发生,需要各方面的共同努力。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.