苯麻滴鼻液含量测定方法的改进

目的　测定苯麻滴鼻液中盐酸苯海拉明及盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法　采用旋光法测定盐酸麻黄碱 ,一阶导数光谱法测定盐酸苯海拉明。后者测试条件 :波长范围 2 0 0～ 30 0nm ,狭缝 2nm ,△λ =1nm ,振幅范围 - 0 .5～ +0 .5。结果　盐酸麻黄碱平均回收率 10 0 .15 % ,RSD =0 .38% (n =3) ;盐酸苯海拉明在 5～ 75 μg·ml-1范围内 ,浓度与一阶导数在 2 2 8nm波长处的半振幅值 (D)呈良好的线性关系 ,其回归方程为C =347.4 6 95D - 1.196 7,r =0 .9999,平均回收率 99.6 4 % ,RSD =0 .4 2 % (n =5 )。结论　本法准确、简便 ,可用于苯麻滴鼻液的质量控制     

双波长薄层扫描法测定桔贝咳喘宁口服液中麻黄碱的含量

目的　建立双波长薄层扫描法测定桔贝咳喘宁口服液中麻黄碱含量的方法。方法　选用展开剂为氯仿 -甲醇 -氨试液 (2 0∶3.5∶0 .6 ) ,测定波长 :λS=4 90nm ,参比波长 :λR=4 4 0nm ,用双波长薄层反射锯齿扫描 ,SX =7,狭缝 0 .4mm× 0 .4mm ,灵敏度 :X1,扫描速度 :12mm/min。结果　麻黄碱回归方程为 :Y =- 2 0 90 .9+2 35 99.3X ,r =0 .9991,平均加样回收率为 99.2 % ,RSD为 1.6 2 % (n =6 ) ;在 1.0～ 5 .0 μg范围内线性关系良好。 结论　本测定方法简便、准确、重现性好 ,可用于测定桔贝咳喘宁口服液中麻黄碱的含量 ,控制桔贝咳喘宁口服液的制剂质量。     

酸性染料比色法侧定小儿止咳合剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量

目的:建立小儿止咳合剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量测定方法.方法:用酸性染料比色法测定小儿止咳合剂中麻黄碱的含量.结果:盐酸麻黄碱加样回收率为98.8%(RSD=1.83%).结论:该法操作简单,重现性好,可作为小儿止咳合剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量测定方法.     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸美西律片的含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定盐酸美西律片含量的方法。方法　YWG -C18色谱柱 ,以甲醇 - 0 .0 5 %冰醋酸 (6 0∶4 0 ,v/v)为流动相 ,流速为 0 .3ml/min ,检测波长 2 6 1nm。峰面积外标法。结果　盐酸美西律在 0 .3～ 0 .7mg·ml-1浓度范围内线性良好 (r =0 .9993) ,平均回收率为 97.5 2 % (n =5 ) ,RSD为 0 .89%。结论　本法简便 ,快速 ,准确 ,适合盐酸美西律的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方环丙沙星滴鼻液中3组分含量

目的　测定复方环丙沙星滴鼻液中乳酸环丙沙星、马来酸氯苯那敏、盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法　高效液相色谱法 ,采用YWG -C18(10 μm ,4 .6mm× 15 0mm)色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 1mol·L-1NaH2 PO4-甲醇 -乙腈 (30 0∶16 0∶4 0 ,三乙胺 0 .5ml,磷酸调pH为 3.0 )为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 5 7nm ,内标法峰高定量。结果　本文可同时测定 3组分的含量。乳酸环丙沙星 0 .0 12～ 0 .0 6mg·ml-1马来酸氯苯那敏 0 .0 3～ 0 .15mg·ml-1,盐酸麻黄碱 0 .1～ 0 .5mg·ml-1范围内 ,峰高比与其浓度呈良好的线性关系 ;平均回收率分别为 10 0 .18%、99.85 %、10 1.6 3% ;RSD分别为 0 .71%、1.2 0 %、1.10 %。结论　方法可靠 ,数据准确 ,灵敏度高 ,重现性好     

双波长薄层扫描法测定产后康口服液中盐酸水苏碱的含量

目的　建立产后康口服液中盐酸水苏碱含量测定的方法。方法　选用的展开剂为丙酮-无水乙醇-盐酸(10∶10∶1) ;测定波长:λS=5 10nm ,λR=70 0nm ;用双波长薄层反射锯齿扫描;狭缝:0 .4mm×0 .4mm ;线性参数:SX =7,灵敏度:X1;扫描速度:12mm/min。结果　盐酸水苏碱回归方程为:A =96 6 6 .0 6 +112 4 95 .3C ,r =0 .9992 ,平均回收率为98.3% ,RSD为1.2 0 %(n =6 ) ;在1.0～5 .0 μg范围内线性关系良好。结论　本法操作简易、准确、重复性好。     

HPLC法测定黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量

目的　建立测定黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量的高效液相色谱法。方法　色谱柱 :IntersilC18柱 (4 .6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :水 -乙腈 (6 9∶31) ,用 0 .5 %三乙胺、磷酸调pH至 3.0 ;检测波长 35 0nm ;流速 :1ml/min。 结果　盐酸小檗碱的理论板数为 5 6 0 0。回归方程Y =- 2 .4 2 5 +0 .0 0 0 0 0 114 2X ,r =0 .9998。线性范围 5 1.2 0～ 2 5 6 .0 μg·ml-1。平均回收率为 10 1.4 % (n =5 ) ,RSD为 1.2 %。结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量测定     

高效液相色谱法测定胃必宁片中盐酸小檗碱和呋喃唑酮的含量

目的　建立测定胃必宁片中的盐酸小檗碱和呋喃唑酮含量的方法。方法　反相高效液相色谱法 :Nova -PakC18色谱柱 ,流动相为 0 .0 33mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾水溶液 -乙腈 (6 0∶4 0 ) ,检测波长为 2 6 5nm。结果　盐酸小檗碱和喃唑酮的含量在 4～2 5 μg·ml-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999和r =0 .9998) ,样品的加样平均回收率分别为 99.2 8%和 99.0 8% ,RSD分别为 0 .6 7%和 0 .76 % (n =5 )。结论　所选方法简便、快速 ,可用于胃必宁片的质量控制     

褶合光谱法测定氢化可的松麻黄碱滴鼻液中氢化可的松和盐酸麻黄碱的含量

 目的建立褶合光谱测定氢化可的松麻黄碱滴鼻液中氢化可的松和盐酸麻黄碱含量的方法.方法用TU-1901双光束紫外可见分光光度计采集吸收度信息,并通过数据转换将信息转到褶合光谱程序中,并由该程序双组分定量分析系统计算氢化可的松和盐酸麻黄碱的含量.结果氢化可的松和盐酸麻黄碱的平均回收率分别为99.81%、100.16%;相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别为0.42%、0.20%.结论本法结果可靠、准确,适合医院制剂的含量测定.     

一阶导数光谱法测定枯痔注射液中盐酸普鲁卡因的含量

目的　测定枯痔注射液中盐酸普鲁卡因的含量。方法　一阶导数分光光度法。结果　盐酸普鲁卡因的峰和谷分别为 2 30nm和 2 6 0nm ,在 5 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg·ml-1范围内D值与浓度呈良好线性关系 (r =0 .9983)。回收率为 99.7% ,RSD为 0 .6 %(n =5 )。结论　此方法快速、准确、重现性好 ,可做为枯痔注射液的含量测定方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.