Bisphenol A exposure is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in postmenopausal women

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. There is increasing health concerns regarding low-level exposure to BPA among the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the association between BPA exposure with oxidative stress and inflammation in adult populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted. This study included 485 adults (259 men, 92 premenopausal women, and 134 postmenopausal women) living in general communities within large cities. Urinary concentrations of BPA, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), white blood cell (WBC) count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Multivariate analyses were applied to determine the associations of BPA exposure with oxidative stress and inflammation. The geometric means of urinary BPA for men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women were 0.53, 0.61, and 0.58 μg/g cr, respectively. The urinary BPA concentrations were positively associated with MDA, 8-OHdG, and CRP levels in the postmenopausal women; however, such associations did not exist in men and premenopausal women. The findings of this study suggest that BPA exposure would promote oxidative stress and inflammation, in which postmenopausal women are likely to be more susceptible to BPA-induced health effects.     

大肠癌患者肠道微生态变化的研究进展

正常人体肠道内定植着大量的微生物,它们在调节肠道生理功能方面具有重要的作用。饮食结构及环境变化导致的肠道菌群丰度及结构的改变,与大肠癌的发生发展密切相关。因此,探讨可能性致癌菌株与大肠癌发生的相关性,并通过添加微生态制剂调整肠道菌群结构,进而降低大肠癌发生率,具有重要的理论及临床意义。     

Low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) status and lipid profiles and to estimate the relation to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Patients who were identified by cardiac catheterization as having > or =70% stenosis of one major coronary artery were assigned to the case group (n = 184). The control group (n = 516) was comprised of healthy individuals with normal blood biochemical values. Plasma PLP, homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol) were determined. RESULTS: Subjects with a plasma PLP level <30 nmol/L exhibited a significantly increased risk of CAD compared with subjects with a plasma PLP level > or =30 nmol/L (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.95) after adjusting for homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The association between PLP and the risk of CAD remained significant after each lipid profile was additionally adjusted. In addition, the combined presence of low PLP level and an abnormal lipid level increased the risk of CAD to an even greater degree. CONCLUSIONS: A borderline vitamin B6 deficiency (plasma PLP concentration <30 nmol/L) is strongly associated with the risk of CAD. The combined presence of low PLP and abnormal lipid levels increased the risk of CAD even further.     

Investigation of phosphorylated adjuvants co-encapsulated with a model cancer peptide antigen for the treatment of colorectal cancer and liver metastasis

The lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticle is a versatile platform capable of encapsulating a wide range of phosphorylated molecules from single nucleotides to pDNA. The use of this platform has shown great success as an immunotherapeutic vaccine carrier, capable of delivering co-encapsulated phosphorylated adjuvants and peptides. Three potent vaccine formulations were investigated for anti-cancer efficacy. The phosphorylated adjuvants, CpG, 2′3′cGAMP, and 5′pppdsRNA were co-encapsulated with a model phosphorylated tumor specific peptide antigen (p-AH1-A5). The anti-cancer efficacy of these adjuvants was assessed using an orthotopic colorectal liver metastasis model based on highly aggressive and metastatic CT-26 FL3 cells implanted into the cecum wall. The results clearly indicate that the RIG-1 ligand, 5′pppdsRNA, co-encapsulated with the p-AH1-A5 peptide antigen greatly reduced the growth rate of the primary colon cancer as well as arrested the establishment of liver metastasis in comparison to the other adjuvant formulations and unvaccinated controls. Further evaluation of the immune cell populations within the primary tumor confirms the ability of the 5′pppdsRNA adjuvant to boost the adaptive CD8+ T-cell population, while not inciting increased populations of immune suppressive cell types such as T-regulatory cells or myeloid derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, to our knowledge this is the first study to investigate the anti-cancer efficacy of a specific RIG-1 receptor ligand, 5′pppdsRNA, alongside more established TLR 9 (CpG) and STING (2′3′cGAMP) adjuvants in a cancer vaccine. The 5′pppdsRNA vaccine formulation can be a potent immunotherapy, especially when combined with agents that remodel the immune suppressive microenvironment of the tumor.     

Selenium inadequacy is not associated with oxidative stress in child and adolescent acute lymphocytic leukemia survivors

ObjectiveAcute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its subsequent treatment may provoke increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant status of children and adolescents who had received ALL therapy, and to test the hypothesis that selenium (Se) inadequacy is correlated with reduced defenses against oxidative stress in this population.MethodsThis case–control study involved 24 patients between ages 5 and 13 y who had been treated successfully for ALL (ALL group) and 60 children of similar age and socioeconomic background with no clinical history of leukemia (control group). Dietary intake of Se was evaluated by the 24-h recall method, and the concentrations of Se in plasma, erythrocytes, and urine determined. Antioxidant status was assessed by analysis of the oxidative stress markers, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), α-tocopherol, and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG).ResultsThere were no between-group differences with respect to plasma (P = 0.122), erythrocyte (P = 0.202), urinary (P = 0.608), or dietary (P = 0.757) levels of Se. GPx activity was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in the ALL group compared with the control group, whereas SOD activity and MDA concentrations were similar. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and 8-oxo-dG were significantly increased in the ALL group compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.031, respectively).ConclusionAll participants were Se inadequate, but such inadequacy was not correlated with reduced defenses against oxidative stress. However, individuals of the ALL group were with increased oxidative stress compared with the control group, possibly due to previous disease and to intensive polychemotherapy.     

Assessment of the activity of an oral contraceptive on the levels of oxidative stress and changes in oxidative stress after co-treatment with two different types of physiological modulators with antioxidant action

Background

The aims of this research were to document the nature of oxidative stress (OS) while taking an estrogen/progestagen-combined oral contraceptive (OC) and to evaluate the action of two different products composed of a combination of antioxidant, vitamins and natural products in physiological quantity and classified as antioxidant/food supplement. For this reason, the two products are classified as physiological modulators (PM), able to restore the balance between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in the organism.

Study Design

The Reactive Oxygen Metabolites-derived compound test, a photometric assay that measures the hydroperoxides levels in biological fluids, was used to determine the OS. OS was analyzed every 3 days (from t₁ to t₂₇) for 28 days on 10 healthy volunteers during three successive OC treatment cycles with a contraceptive (Microgynon®: ethinylestradiol 50 mcg plus levonorgestrel 125 mcg). In the first cycle, the OC was administered by itself; in the successive two cycles, the OC was administered in association in an open crossover study with two different types of PMs with antioxidant action. The main difference in the composition of the two products is the presence/absence of catechins from green tea.

Results

With just OC treatment, all the volunteers showed an increase in the OS values from 240±22.3 (mean±SD) Carratelli Units. (normal value) up to values >400 Carratelli Units (severe OS), then returned to normal when the OC therapy was suspended. The concomitant use of the two PMs showed that only the product containing green tea catechins was able to reduce the OS values, on average, by approximately 50% (t test p<.05).

Conclusion

We conclude that to control the OS generated by OC, specific types of physiological modulators are needed.     

腹腔镜手术对结直肠癌患者氧化应激反应及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨结直肠癌患者应用腹腔镜手术治疗对氧化应激反应及免疫功能的影响。方法 选取2018年7月—2020年1月于我院就诊的84例结直肠癌患者,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组各42例。对照组采用开腹根治术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜根治术治疗。对比两组氧化应激反应[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血浆丙二醛(MDA)]和免疫功能[CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+],以及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组SOD水平为(91.75±6.37)U/mL高于对照组的(70.26±5.49)U/mL,MDA水平为(5.11±0.93)nmol/mL低于对照组的(7.49±1.06)nmol/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=16.562、10.938,P＜0.001);观察组CD4+水平为(45.78±8.62)%、CD8+水平为(29.26±5.66)%、CD4+/CD8+水平为(1.13±0.15),高于对照组的(28.69±6.39)%、(22.36±4.25)%、(0.97±0.02)%,差异有统计学意义(t=10.328、6.318、6.852,P＜0.001);观察组并发症发生率(4.76%)较对照组(21.42%)低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.126,P=0.024)。结论 结直肠癌患者应用腹腔镜手术治疗可有效减轻氧化应激反应,对免疫功能影响较小,并发症发生率较少,利于患者术后恢复。     

Low energy and carbohydrate intake associated with higher total antioxidant capacity in apparently healthy adults

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary measurements in young and apparently healthy individuals.MethodsWe evaluated 156 individuals (91 women and 65 men; ages 23.1 ± 3.5 y; body mass index 22 ± 2.9 kg/m²) for anthropometrics, biochemical markers, clinical, dietary, and some components of the antioxidant defense system, including the plasma TAC. Statistical analyses were performed to detect differences between individuals with TAC higher and lower than the mean value and to screen the associations between TAC and variables of interest. A linear regression model was fitted to identify TAC predictors.ResultsDaily caloric intake and macronutrient consumption were lower in individuals who exhibited the highest TAC values (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that daily calories and carbohydrate intake was a possible negative TAC predictor (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no difference in the values of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the individuals separated by means of TAC. In contrast, individuals whose plasma TAC values were above the mean showed higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values, and selenium in nails (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn physiological conditions, the caloric intake level seems to be an important factor to act in the modulation of plasma TAC, before establishing anthropometric impairments of body or metabolic composition, or both. Additionally, the plasma TAC increase may be able to act as a compensatory mechanism.     

Alcohol consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: the Findrink study

We investigated the association between alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer because previous studies have yielded conflicting results. As part of the Findrink study, data from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease (KIHD) Risk Factor Study were analysed. The KIHD study is a cohort of 2,682 men from Eastern Finland with no history of cancer at baseline. The men were grouped into five groups according to their weekly alcohol intake in grams. Association between alcohol and colorectal cancer was examined using Cox proportional hazard models. There were 59 cases of colorectal cancer during an average follow up of 16.7 years. Men within the highest quintile of alcohol consumption had a median weekly alcohol intake of 198.8 g. Age and examination year adjusted risk ratio of colorectal cancer among men within the highest quintile of alcohol consumption was 4.4 (95% CI: 1.6-11.9, P-value = 0.004). After adjusting for potential confounders, such as vegetable consumption, fibre intake, smoking, family history of cancer, socio-economic status, leisure time physical activity, men with the highest amount of alcohol consumption still had a 3.5-fold (95% CI: 1.2-9.9, P-value = 0.021) increased risk of colorectal cancer. Exclusion of men diagnosed with colorectal cancer during the first 2 years of follow up from the analyses did not alter the risk increase. In conclusion, this study gives further evidence of a positive association between alcohol consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer.     

Interplay of oxidative stress and antioxidant bio markers in oil adjuvant Brucella melitensis vaccinated and challenged mice

The intracellular nature of Brucella leads to rise in oxidative stress due to bacterial invasion, particularly at the site of predilection spleen and lymph nodes. The present study aimed to evaluate the erythrocytic and tissue specific oxidative stress responses induced during oil adjuvant killed Brucella melitensis vaccination. The results of the study clearly implicated a significant increase in level of catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO), and total protein content in erythrocytes after vaccination. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was unaltered during the period of experiment. The catalase activity and GSH content was significantly increased in lung and spleen tissues. The tissues GST levels increased significantly in all tissues, while tissue SOD level increased significantly only in lung tissues. Thus, it can be inferred that oil adjuvant based Brucella vaccine induces negligible signs of inflammatory pathophysiology and supports the development of significant level of protection against virulent Brucella challenge.     

Low intake of vitamin B-6 is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese men

We investigated the association of dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and methionine with the risk of colorectal cancer in a large prospective cohort study of middle-aged Japanese men and women. A total of 81,184 subjects (38,107 men and 43,077 women) who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study were followed from 1995-1998 to the end of 2002, during which 526 cases of colorectal cancer (335 men, 191 women) were newly identified. Dietary intake of nutrients was calculated using a 138-item self-administered FFQ. We observed a significant inverse association between vitamin B-6 intake and colorectal cancer in men. Compared with the lowest quartile, the multivariate hazard ratio (95% [CI]) in the highest quartile of intake was 0.69 (0.48-0.98) (P(trend) = 0.03). Men who consumed 150 g/wk alcohol or more had twice the risk of colorectal cancer of those who drank less in the lowest quartile of vitamin B-6 intake, but risk due to alcohol intake was not higher in the highest quartile of vitamin B-6 intake. Vitamin B-6 intake and colorectal cancer were not associated in women. Folate and methionine intakes were not associated with colorectal cancer risk in men or women, but colorectal cancer risk tended to increase (P(trend) = 0.05) with increasing intake of vitamin B-12 in men. Our results support previous evidence that low vitamin B-6 intake is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. In particular, a higher intake of vitamin B-6 appears beneficial in men with higher alcohol intake.     

结直肠癌患者的围手术期营养风险筛查与术后并发症

目的动态评价结直肠癌患者的围手术期营养风险,以期指导临床合理营养支持。方法选取新人院、未经放疗、化疗处理的结直肠癌患者144例,于术前及术后两周应用营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）对患者进行营养风险动态评估,同时测定血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白水平及外周血总淋巴细胞计数,并观察术后并发症的发生率。结果术前有22．91％（33／144）的患者存在营养风险;术前预测术后营养风险发生率为43．06％（62／144）,实际测得术后营养风险发生率为54．86％（79／144）,后两者的差异具有统计学意义（x^2=4．016,P〈0．05）。术前营养风险评分≥3分的患者术后出现并发症的发生率为10．13％,评分〈3分的患者术后出现并发症的发生率为1．54％,存在营养风险的患者并发症的发生率显著高于不存在营养风险的患者（x^2=3．065,P〈0．05）。结论结直肠癌患者的围手术期营养风险发生率高,尤以术后显著,且存在营养风险的患者易发生术后并发症。     

High-fructose feeding of streptozotocin-diabetic rats is associated with increased cataract formation and increased oxidative stress in the kidney

We examined the effects of high-fructose (FR) feeding on the development of diabetic complications in the lens and the kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Male Wistar Furth rats were treated with one of two doses of STZ (HIGH STZ, 55 mg/kg body weight; MOD STZ, 35 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle alone (SHAM) and were then assigned to a control (CNTL) or 400 g FR/kg diet for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, body weight, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations differed among STZ groups (HIGH v. MOD v. SHAM, P < 0.001) but did not differ due to diet. Plasma FR concentrations were significantly higher in FR-fed v. CNTL-fed groups (P < 0.0001) and in HIGH-STZ groups v. MOD-STZ and SHAM groups (P < 0.0004 and P < 0.0001 respectively). Focal length variability of the lens, a quantitative measure of cataract formation, was increased in the HIGH STZ, FR group compared with the HIGH STZ, CNTL group (P < 0.01). The concentration of H2O2 in kidney microsomes was significantly higher in HIGH STZ, FR rats v. HIGH STZ, CNTL rats (P < 0.01). Micro-albuminuria was not observed in any of the groups examined, and there was no evidence of extensive histological damage in the kidney from any rats. Under conditions of severe hyperglycaemia, high FR intake promotes the development of cataracts in the lens of the eye, and results in increased concentrations of substances indicative of oxidative stress in the kidney. Although FR has been suggested as a carbohydrate source for diabetics, a high FR diet coupled with hyperglycaemia produces effects that may promote some of the complications associated with diabetes.     

多溴联苯醚对SH-SY5Y细胞氧化应激及凋亡的影响

目的观察2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(PBDE-47)对人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞株氧化应激和凋亡的影响及活性氧在细胞凋亡中的作用。方法实验共分4组,PDDE-47终浓度为0、2、4、8μg/ml,分别作为对照组,低、中、高剂量组。用2、4、8μg/ml PBDE-47对培养的SH-SY5Y细胞染毒,24 h后检测细胞存活率、活性氧(ROS)水平、丙二醛(MDA)含量及凋亡率。结果与对照组比较,低剂量组细胞存活率略有上升,中、高剂量组细胞存活率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

Nutritional,immunological and antioxidant defense status of outpatients diagnosed with colorectal cancer – a case–control study of the little-studied population

Abstract

This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate nutritional and immunological status of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in a little-studied population from developing country, Pakistan. Data on 81 CRC patients and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were collected on nutritional status, nutrient intake, percent body fat (%BF), selected immunological parameters, phytochemical index (PI), healthy eating index (HEI), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI). Blood samples were used for immunological and antiradical defense potential (expressed as 50% hemolysis time; HT₅₀). Results show 40/81 (49.4%) patients reported weight loss in past 3–6?mo, Significant differences were found in HEI values between patients vs. HCs, and between patients in low vs. high PNI groups (P, for all trends <0.05). Patients in the higher PNI group were heavier, had higher % BF, higher energy intake, and higher PI score as compared to patients in the low PNI group (P?<?0.05). Low PNI was positively associated with non-significantly lower CD4:CD8 ratios, higher B-cells and NK cells (P, for all trends >0.05), but with significantly higher hs-CRP levels, and lower HT₅₀ values (P, for all trends <0.001). In conclusion, CRC patients in a little-studied population have compromised nutritional and immunological health with lower HEI and PNI scores.