柴胡-黄芩药对防治新型冠状病毒肺炎网络药理学分子机制研究

目的 基于网络药理学研究柴胡-黄芩药对防治新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物成分,预测作用靶点,并探讨其潜在的作用机制.方法 通过中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)收集柴胡-黄芩药对的药物成分及相应作用靶点;运用STRING数据库与Cytoscape软件构建“药物成分-靶点”网络和蛋白相互作用网络;通过ClueGO对靶点的基因本体...     

白芍与柴胡不同比例配伍白芍总苷及苯甲酸水煎出量的比较

[目的]考察白芍与柴胡不同比例配伍共煎芍药总苷及苯甲酸的煎出量,以探讨传统药对白芍配伍柴胡对有效成分及有害成分煎出的影响。[方法]单味白芍、白芍与柴胡配伍(1:2,1:1,2:1),水煎提取,分别直接分离和水解后再分离测定游离苯甲酸及芍药总苷,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定。[结果]白芍配伍柴胡,游离苯甲酸煎出量均比白芍单煎明显降低,芍药总苷煎出量与白芍单煎比变化不大。[结论]白芍配伍柴胡合煎与白芍单煎相比,可显著降低有害成分苯甲酸的煎出量。     

基于复杂系统熵网络方法探析徐蓉娟治疗桥本甲状腺炎用药规律

目的 运用复杂系统熵网络方法对徐蓉娟教授治疗桥本甲状腺炎的用药经验进行数据挖掘和分析.方法 收集2017年1月至2018年12月徐蓉娟教授辨证治疗桥本甲状腺炎患者的门诊资料和处方,借助Netdraw 2.0软件进行复杂网络构建及可视化,用于"基础方"的数据挖掘分析,采用MATLAB编程方法进行网络信息统计及分析,采用复...     

采收时期、部位、干燥方式对海南罗勒精油质量的影响

目的:探讨采收时期、部位以及干燥方式对海南罗勒精油的影响。方法:采摘海南罗勒(Ocimumbasilicum L.)无花鲜叶(嫩)、含花鲜叶(嫩)、全花、全叶、茎;取新鲜罗勒嫩叶,部分经过冻存、50℃低温烘干或自然风干等处理,再用水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,以精油收率对上述处理过程进行评价。利用气相色谱或气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析上述所得的精油,利用正交实验法优选罗勒鲜叶水蒸气蒸馏的最佳工艺。结果:无花嫩叶出油率最低,全花出油率最高,顺序是:全花>全叶>含花鲜叶>无花嫩鲜叶,茎中不含精油。鲜叶低温烘干或自然风干比鲜叶和冻存鲜叶的出油率低,约损失35%。精油中主要的物质为沉香醇(34.4%)、丁香酚(19.0%)、甲基胡椒酚(13.4%)等。丁香罗勒鲜叶剪成5cm长、加入5倍量水和提取3h为水蒸气蒸馏的最佳提取工艺。结论:采收时期、部位、干燥方式对海南罗勒精油的质量产生影响,这些信息可为海南罗勒精油的研究开发提供参考。     

Preparative isolation and purification of 12,13-dihydroxyeuparin from Radix Eupatorii Chinensis by high-speed counter-current chromatography

An ef?cient method for the isolation and puri?cation of 12,13-dihydroxyeuparin from Radix Eupatorii Chinensis by high speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was established in this paper. The ether extracts of Radix Eupatorii Chinensis were puri?ed by HSCCC with a solvent system of hexyl hydride–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (1:2:1:2, v/v/v/v). The upper phase was used as the stationary phase and the lower phase as the mobile phase. About 8.4 mg of 12,13-dihydroxyeuparin was obtained from 200 mg of ether extracts from Radix Eupatorii Chinensis in one-step HSCCC separation, with the purity of 96.71%, as determined by HPLC. After methanol–water recrystallization, the purity of 12,13-dihydroxyeuparin reached 99.83%. Such a simple and effective method was fairly useful to prepare pure compound as reference substances for related study on Radix Eupatorii Chinensis.     

Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of myrtle leaves against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Myrtus communis (M. communis) L. against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) in vitro.MethodsWild populations of M. communis collected from Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces, Southwest Iran, were examined for antibacterial activity and chemical variability in leaves. The in vitro antibacterial activity against E. rhusiopathiae was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays.ResultsThe essential oils of M. communis have strong antibacterial against E. rhusiopathiae in both assays. The results showed that the major components of the oil were α-pinene (22.3%-55.2%), 1,8-cineole (8.7%-43.8%) and linalool (6.4%-14.5%). The inhibition zones and MIC values for bacteria which were sensitive to the essential oils of M. communis were in the range of 14.7–27.0 mm and 0.031–0.25 mg/mL, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that products with valuable antibacterial activity can be produced from leaves of M. communis against E. rhusiopathiae.     

Cytotoxicity screening of Melastoma malabathricum extracts on human breast cancer cell lines in vitro

ObjectiveTo screen the cytotoxic activity of Melastoma malabathricum (M. malabathricum) against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in vitro.MethodsA three steps extraction protocol using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol as the solvents systems was carried out on leaves, stems and flowers of M. malabathricum. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used in extracts dilution and serial dilutions were conducted to obtain five different extract concentrations (100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 12.5 μg/mL and 6.25 μg/mL). The evaluation of cell growth was determined using methylene blue assay.ResultsMethanol extract from the leaves showed significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell lines with the IC₅₀ value of 7.14 μg/ml while methanol and chloroform extract from the flowers exhibited a moderate activity towards MCF-7 cell line with the IC₅₀ value of 33.63 μg/mL and 45.76 μg/mL respectively after 72 h of treatment.ConclusionsThe extracts from leaves and flowers of M. malabathricum showed promising anticancer activity toward human breast cancer cell lines with the lowest IC₅₀ at 7.14 μg/mL while the extracts from stems showed less growth inhibition activity.     

蒺藜的活性成分积累和动态分布的研究

目的 研究蒺藜总皂苷、总黄酮类物质的动态积累情况及其在根、茎、叶、果等部位的分布情况。方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定了成熟期内3种不同生长环境下蒺藜全草和各部位中总皂苷、总黄酮的量。结果 蒺藜总皂苷与总黄酮的高峰期出现时间、积累曲线等并不一致;其中,总皂苷主要集中分布在叶片中,总黄酮主要在叶片和果实中积累。结论 以蒺藜总皂苷量确定蒺藜的最佳采收期并不适用于总黄酮类物质的积累,应根据目标成分的变化掌握蒺藜的适宜采收期;其次,应重视蒺藜叶片的采集和利用。     

Determination of bioactive components in the fruits of Cercis chinensis Bunge by HPLC-MS/MS and quality evaluation by principal components and hierarchical cluster analyses

The fruits of leguminous plants Cercis Chinensis Bunge are still overlooked although they have been reported to be antioxidative because of the limited information on the phytochemicals of C. chinensis fruits. A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the identification and quantitation of the major bioactive components in C. chinensis fruits. Eighteen polyphenols were identified, which are first reported in C. chinensis fruits. Moreover, ten components were simultaneously quantified. The validated quantitative method was proved to be sensitive, reproducible and accurate. Then, it was applied to analyze batches of C. chinensis fruits from different phytomorph and areas. The principal components analysis (PCA) realized visualization and reduction of data set dimension while the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that the content of phenolic acids or all ten components might be used to differentiate C. chinensis fruits of different phytomorph.     

多指标综合评分法优选柴胡桂枝颗粒提取工艺

[目的]正交实验法优选柴胡桂枝颗粒处方药材的提取工艺。[方法]以柴胡皂苷a、芍药苷、黄芩苷及出膏率为检测指标,采用正交实验法优选柴胡等药材的乙醇回流提取工艺。[结果]柴胡桂枝颗粒乙醇回流提取的最佳提取工艺为10倍量80%乙醇提取3次,每次提取2 h。[结论]优选的柴胡桂枝颗粒提取工艺稳定可行,适合于工业化大生产。     

阿尔泰柴胡中三萜皂苷类成分的研究

目的研究阿尔泰柴胡的三萜皂苷类化学成分。方法应用色谱技术分离纯化,根据化合物理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果分离并鉴定了5个化合物,分别是柴胡皂苷a(saikosaponin a)、柴胡皂苷d(saikosaponin d)、柴胡皂苷c(saikosaponin c)、柴胡皂苷f(saikosaponin f)、柴胡皂苷b3(saikosaponinb3)。结论以上5种化合物均为首次从阿尔泰柴胡中分离得到。     

林兴栋采用加味柴胡温胆汤治疗失眠体悟

柴胡温胆汤乃经方与时方合用的代表方之一,临床运用范围较广泛。林兴栋教授结合岭南地域特点,采用加味柴胡温胆汤(主要由柴胡、黄芩、法半夏、陈皮、竹茹、炒枳壳、茯苓、炙甘草、白芍、桂枝、醋香附、黑枣、生姜等组成)治疗失眠患者。加味柴胡温胆汤治疗失眠的适用情况如下:失眠患者病位在少阳阳明,涉及脾、胃、胆、三焦者;基本病机为气郁痰凝;病理因素乃痰湿为患;证候属虚实夹杂,里虚为主。加味柴胡温胆汤治疗失眠可内调脾胃,外和营卫,中斡少阳,取得较好疗效。     

珊瑚菜植株不同器官挥发油成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取珊瑚菜根、叶与果实挥发油并进行气相-质谱联用仪分析,分别鉴定出45、48、34种成分。其中,根部挥发油以萜类、醛酮类和酸类化合物为主,分别占挥发油总量的36.32%、13.43%和13.85%;叶片、果实挥发油以萜类化合物为主,分别占挥发油总量的46.74%、73.34%。为探讨珊瑚菜栽培过程中的生理生态问题及其植物资源的综合开发利用提供参考。     

金荞麦查尔酮异构酶的基因克隆及其花期表达与黄酮量分析

目的 获取金荞麦总黄酮合成途径的关键酶查尔酮异构酶（chalcone isomerase,CHI）基因的全长序列,并进行序列分析;对花期金荞麦CHI基因在各组织中的表达与总黄酮量进行分析。方法 利用同源克隆技术获得金荞麦查尔酮异构酶基因（FdCHI）的cDNA序列;采用半定量RT-PCR对CHI表达量进行分析,并采用AlCl₃法测量总黄酮量。结果 金荞麦FdCHI基因cDNA包含一个750 bp的ORF,编码249个氨基酸,命名为FdCHI。生物信息学分析表明该编码蛋白与其他植物CHI氨基酸序列同源率较高。FdCHI在花期金荞麦不同组织中的表达量分析表明,其表达量花＞根＞叶＞茎,总黄酮量为花＞叶＞茎＞根。结论 在金荞麦中首次获得CHI基因的cDNA序列,编码蛋白具有CHI同源蛋白的典型特征。FdCHI基因在金荞麦茎、叶和花中的表达量与总黄酮量具有相关性,但在根中表达量与总黄酮量相关性较小。     

不同产地南北柴胡中柴胡皂苷的含量测定

[目的]对不同产地的北柴胡和南柴胡的总皂苷及4种单体成分(柴胡皂苷a、d、c、f)进行含量测定。[方法]使用柴胡皂苷d作为对照品,采用紫外可见分光光度法,在536 nm处测定24批北柴胡和5批南柴胡样品中的总皂苷的含量。使用HPLC-ELSD方法对柴胡样品中的柴胡皂苷a、d、c、f进行含量测定。[结果]分析得出,同一样品中柴胡皂苷d的含量要普遍高于柴胡皂苷a的含量,不同产地的柴胡中柴胡皂苷a、d、c、f的含量之间具有显著性差异。柴胡总皂苷在0.08~0.40 mg之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999)。加样回收率在99.2%~103%之间,RSD=1.42%。不同产地的南北柴胡总皂苷含量在5.32%~13.9%之间,其中南柴胡的总皂苷含量要高于北柴胡的含量,其中产自山东临沂的南柴胡含量最高,达到了13.9%。[结论]柴胡的质量评价不能只测定其中柴胡皂苷a的含量,应该以总皂苷为主,同时对4种柴胡皂苷的含量进行测定才更为准确。     

Effect of essential oils on Aspergillus spore germination,growth and mycotoxin production: a potential source of botanical food preservative

ObjectiveTo investigate effect of essential oils on Aspergillus spore germination, growth and mycotoxin production.MethodIn vitro antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of essential oils was carried out using poisoned food techniques, spore germination assay, agar dilution assay, and aflatoxin arresting assay on toxigenic strains of Aspergillus species.ResultsCymbopogon martinii, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) essential oils were tested against toxicogenic isolates of Aspergillus species. T. ammi oil showed highest antifungal activity. Absolute mycelial inhibition was recorded at 1 μl/mL by essential oils of T. ammi. The oil also showed, complete inhibition of spore germination at a concentration of 2 μl/mL. In addition, T. ammi oil showed significant antiaflatoxigenic potency by totally inhibiting aflatoxin production from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus at 0.5 and 0.75 μl/mL, respectively. Cymbopogon martinii, Foeniculum vulgare and T. ammi oils as antifungal were found superior over synthetic preservative. Moreover, a concentration of 5 336.297 μl/kg body weight was recorded for LC50 on mice indicating the low mammalian toxicity and strengthening its traditional reputations.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the essential oils from T. ammi can be a potential source of safe natural food preservative for food commodities contamination by storage fungi.     

基于数据挖掘和网络药理学探讨中医药治疗乳腺癌的用药规律及作用机制

目的 探讨中医药防治乳腺癌的用药规律及作用机制.方法 以《肿瘤良方大全》《肿瘤方剂大辞典》《中医肿瘤学》《乳腺癌与乳腺增生》《药典临床用药中药成方制剂》文献为数据来源,运用中医传承辅助平台(V2.5)挖掘中药治疗乳腺癌的用药规律及核心处方,并利用网络药理学方法分析其核心处方的潜在作用机制.结果 最终纳入297首中药方剂...     

HPLC analysis of camptothecin content in various parts of Nothapodytes foetida collected on different periods

Objective

To investigate the content of topoisomerase I-DNA inhibitor alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) from various parts of Nothapodytes foetida (N. foetida) collected from the month of October to February.

Methods

The content of CPT was quantified in the methanolic extract of various parts of N. foetida using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantification was performed with the regression analysis and the method was validated as per ICH guidelines.

Results

The results revealed that maximum concentrations of camptothecin were found in root (2.62%) collected in the month of February followed by fruits (January, 1.22%), stem (January, 0.81%) and leaves (February, 0.70%). Roots were found to have 3-fold higher concentration of CPT than the leaves and stem, while the fruits showed 2-fold higher concentration. Maximum concentration of camptothecin in fruits was observed in month of January, when they were not fully mature, which was 2-fold higher than that of young and fully mature fruits.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the synthesis of CPT differs in different parts of N. foetida and the content varies periodically.     

Chemical Constituents in Essential Oils from Elsholtzia ciliata and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Objective To compare the chemical constituents in the essential oils from the leaves, flowers, and seeds of Elsholtzia ciliata and their antimicrobial activities. Methods The chemical constituents in essential oils were extracted by the hydro-distillation method and analyzed by GC-MS. The chemical constituents in essential oils were identified on the basis of comparison on their retention indices and MS spectrum with published data. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of the chemical constituents in the oils against the growth of six bacteria strains and one pathogenic yeast strain were evaluated by using minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration methods. Results A total of 58 compounds were identified, while compounds 31, 35, and 36 were identified in the essential oils from the leaves, flowers, and seeds, respectively. Fifteen compounds were identified as shared constituents in the leaves, flowers, and seeds. The chemical constituents in the essential oils showed the inhibitory activities against the six bacteria strains and the yeast strain. Conclusion The major constituents are different in the essential oils of the leaves, flowers, and seeds. The major chemical constituents in the essential oils are monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. And the chemical constituents in the essential oils obtained from the leaves show higher inhibitory activities especially against Bacillus subtillis CMCC63501 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922.     

泰山黄精内生真菌的分离鉴定及抑菌活性研究

目的 研究泰山黄精内生真菌的分布及其多样性,并筛选具有抑菌活性的内生真菌。方法 采用平板分离法分离黄精内生真菌,采用滤纸片扩散法测试黄精内生真菌培养物抗耐药菌活性,同时采用分子生物学方法对筛选出的活性菌株进行鉴定。结果 从泰山野生黄精的根、茎、叶和果实中共分离出32株内生真菌,分属于7个属,分布最广的类群是镰刀菌属Fusarium sp.,占总菌株的31.3%,其次是不产孢真菌Sterile mycelia（28.1%）和链格孢属Alternaria sp.（21.9%）。各组织中内生真菌的分布存在一定的组织差异性,根中内生真菌的分离率最高,茎和叶中次之,果实中最少。共有来自5个属的14株内生真菌至少对1种供试菌株有抗菌活性,其中8株具有广谱抗耐药菌活性。对活性最强、抑菌谱最广的不产孢菌株HJG-10进行分子生物学鉴定,将其确定为裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune。结论 泰山黄精中蕴含着大量具有抑菌活性的内生真菌,为寻找和开发新型抑菌生物制剂开辟了一条新途径。