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1.
John R Williams Piero Manfredi Alisa R Butler Marta Ciofi degli Atti Stefania Salmaso 《BMC public health》2003,3(1):1-17
Background
A monthly time series of measles case notifications exists for Italy from 1949 onwards, although its usefulness is seriously undermined by extensive under-reporting which varies strikingly between regions, giving rise to the possibility of significant distortions in epidemic patterns seen in aggregated national data.Results
A corrected national time series is calculated using an algorithm based upon the approximate equality between births and measles cases; under-reporting estimates are presented for each Italian region, and poor levels of reporting in Southern Italy are confirmed.Conclusion
Although an order of magnitude larger, despite great heterogeneity between regions in under-reporting and in epidemic patterns, the shape of the corrected national time series remains close to that of the aggregated uncorrected data. This suggests such aggregate data may be quite robust to great heterogeneity in reporting and epidemic patterns at the regional level. The corrected data set maintains an epidemic pattern distinct from that of England and Wales. 相似文献2.
Jagrati V Jani Carol Holm-Hansen Tufária Mussá Arlinda Zango Ivan Manhiça Gunnar Bjune Ilesh V Jani 《BMC public health》2008,8(1):386
Background
The optimum age for measles vaccination varies from country to country and thus a standardized vaccination schedule is controversial. While the increase in measles vaccination coverage has produced significant changes in the epidemiology of infection, vaccination schedules have not been adjusted. Instead, measures to cut wild-type virus transmission through mass vaccination campaigns have been instituted. This study estimates the presence of measles antibodies among six- and nine-month-old children and assesses the current vaccination seroconversion by using a non invasive method in Maputo City, Mozambique. 相似文献3.
Antonietta Filia Antonio Brenna Augusto Panà Gianluca Maggio Cavallaro Marco Massari Marta L Ciofi degli Atti 《BMC public health》2007,7(1):169
Background
A large measles outbreak occurred in Italy in 2002–2003. This study evaluates the health burden and economic impact of measles-related hospitalizations in Italy during the specified period. 相似文献4.
Background
Among European countries, Italy is one of the countries where regional health disparities contribute substantially to socioeconomic health disparities. In this paper, we report on regional differences in self-reported poor health and explore possible determinants at the individual and regional levels in Italy. 相似文献5.
Antonino Parlato Vincenzo Romano Spica Massimo Ciccozzi Francesca Farchi Francesca Gallè Valeria Di Onofrio Elisabetta Franco Giorgio Liguori 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):333
Background
The purpose of this work was to explore the knowledge and acceptance of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)-Herpes Zoster (HZ) vaccination in the general Italian population, where the HZ vaccine has not yet been distributed, using a prevalence study of subjects from two regions in Italy. 相似文献6.
7.
Cesario Martins Carlitos Bale May-Lill Garly Amabelia Rodrigues Ida M. Lisse Andreas Andersen Mia Eriksson Christine S. Benn Hilton Whittle Peter Aaby 《Vaccine》2009
Background
Previous studies have suggested that girls may have lower maternal measles antibody levels than boys. Girls might therefore be more likely to contract measles infection before the normal age of measles vaccination at 9 months of age.Methods
In connection with a clinical trial of different measles vaccination strategies, we collected pre-measles vaccination blood samples at 4.5 months of age from two subgroups of children. Samples from these children were used to assess possible differences in maternal antibody levels for boys and girls. At 9 months of age another subgroup of children was sampled before the normal measles vaccination; these samples were used to assess the frequency of subclinical measles infection among boys and girls.Results
We determined measles-specific antibody levels for 812 children at 4.5 months of age and for 896 children at 9 months of age. At 4.5 months of age girls were less likely to have protective maternal antibody levels, the male–female ratio for protective antibody level being 1.23 (1.00–1.51). Among children sampled at 9 months of age, girls were more likely to have protective levels, the female–male ratio for having protective antibody levels being 1.65 (0.98–2.78) (p = 0.054) and the geometric mean titre was significantly higher for girls (p = 0.007). Children who lived in houses with known measles cases were more likely to have protective levels at 9 months of age even though they had not reported measles infection. Since we had excluded children with known measles infection, girls may have been more likely to have had subclinical measles infection. Combining clinical and possible subclinical measles infection, girls tended to be more likely than boys to contract measles infection before 9 months of age, the RR being 1.36 (0.97–1.90).Conclusions
Girls lost maternal measles antibodies more rapidly than boys and well before 9 months of age. They may be more likely to contract subclinical measles infection before the current age of measles vaccination. 相似文献8.
Christian Napoli Fabrizio Fasano Roberta Iatta Giovanna Barbuti Teresa Cuna Maria Teresa Montagna 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):660
Background
Following the publication of the Italian Guidelines for the control and prevention of legionellosis an environmental and clinical surveillance has been carried out in Southeastern Italy. The aim of the study is to identify the risk factors for the disease, so allowing better programming of the necessary prevention measures. 相似文献9.
Daniela Anastasi Gabriella Di Giuseppe Paolo Marinelli Italo F Angelillo 《BMC public health》2009,9(1):463
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether paediatricians have appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding vaccinations for infants in Italy. 相似文献10.
Michaela Riddell Nicolas Senn C. John Clements Linda Hobday Benjamin Cowie Jonah Kurubi Ali Kevin Peter Siba John C. Reeder Chris Morgan 《Vaccine》2012
Aim
To determine the age specific immunity profile for rubella from three discrete study populations in Papua New Guinea, and to inform policy regarding the possible introduction of rubella vaccine.Background
In 2005, the Western Pacific Region (WPR), of which Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a member state, declared the goal of regional measles elimination by 2012. Recently, WPR has incorporated an accelerated control goal for rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). PNG currently recommends two doses of measles vaccination at 6 and 9 months of age with a monovalent measles vaccine, which does not include rubella vaccine.Methods
Convenience samples were collected from 1326 eligible participants in PNG and assessed for rubella immunity using the Dade Behring Enzygnost™ Anti-Rubella-Virus enzyme immunoassay. Nearly 34% were collected during an age stratified prospective survey of febrile patients in Madang Province; approximately 49% were collected from women of childbearing age in East Sepik and Milne Bay Provinces. Remaining specimens were collected from 6 to 7-month-old infants in Port Moresby prior to receiving the first dose of measles vaccine.Findings
Of all samples tested, 65.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62.6–67.8) had evidence of immunity to rubella infection. Of women more than 15 years of age, 91.6% (95% CI: 89.4–93.5) were immune. The force of infection was highest between 5 and 19 years of age.Conclusions
Although a population-based sample was not used, our multi-centre study of the population immunity profile suggests that immunity against rubella is extremely high in most women of childbearing age, but women who become pregnant at an early age may be at high risk of rubella infection during pregnancy and potential delivery of an infant with CRS. Routine measles vaccine coverage, a proxy for measles-rubella vaccine coverage, as measured in recently published studies, is well below the WHO target of 80% coverage. Introduction of a child or infant dose of rubella vaccine requires caution and further study. 相似文献11.
Mario Sideri Paolo Cristoforoni Chiara Casadio Sara Boveri Sarah Igidbashian Marcus Schmitt Tarik Gheit Massimo Tommasino 《Vaccine》2009
Despite worldwide human papillomavirus (HPV) types distribution showed constant rates of HPV 16/18 in cervical cancers, regional variations have been consistently documented. Very little data is available on HPV genotype prevalence among Italian women with invasive cervical cancer. This study aims to determine the HPV type distribution in cervical specimens obtained from Italian women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer and referred to the European Institute of Oncology (IEO).Two hundred-sixty eight cervical specimens were obtained from patients diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer referred to the European Institute of Oncology between 1996 and 2006.Following preparation, all cervical samples were sent to laboratories at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France) for DNA extraction and HPV typing by the multiplex PCR/APEX assay. The study population was divided into four groups from different macro regions: (i) Milan and surrounding area (n = 57, 21.3%), (ii) northern Italy (n = 81, 30.2%), (iii) central Italy (n = 64, 23.9%) and (iv) southern Italy (n = 66, 24.6%).The present study is the first at our knowledge that examines a fair number of Italian cervical cancers, about one tenth of all estimated cervical cancer cases occurring yearly, distributed across the whole country. Two-hundred and fifty-one patients (93.7%) resulted HPV DNA positive; of these 201 patients (80.1%) presented a single infection, whereas 50 women (19.9%) presented multiple infection. One hundred and eighty-nine specimens (75.3%) tested positive for either HPV 16 or HPV 18, whereas 62 (24.7%) resulted positive for other high-risk HPV genotypes only. The proportion of HPV 16/18 positive invasive cervical cancers was similar for all the four geographical Italian areas considered. A statistically significant association with younger age and earlier stage was observed for HPV 16/18 related invasive cervical cancers.The results demonstrate that the proportion of HPV 16/18 cervical cancers is fairly constant in all the areas and covers more than 70% of Italian cervical cancer cases. This observation strengthens the decision to start the vaccination programme in all the Italian regions. In addition, the present study provides new and original data on the genotype related differences of the disease that are worth of further investigation. 相似文献
12.
Andrea Marcellusi 《Population health metrics》2017,15(1):36
Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer and other malignant and benign neoplastic lesions. HPV vaccination has three potential goals: to prevent transmission, infection, and disease. At present, there are no available data about health consequences of HPV immunization in Italy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of current HPV vaccination strategy in Italy.Methods
A multistate morbidity-mortality model was developed to estimate the infection process in a theoretical cohort of Italian women. The Markov process considered nine health states (health, anogenital warts, grade 1 and grade 2/3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, anal cancer, death due to cervical cancer, anal cancer and other causes), and 26 transition probabilities for each age group. The model was informed with the available data in national and international literature. Effectiveness of immunization was assumed considering a literature review pertaining to models and vaccination coverage rates observed in Italy. Life expectancy (ex), Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and attributable risk (AR) were estimated for no intervention (cervical cancer screening) and vaccination strategies scenarios.Results
The model showed that in a cohort of 100,000 Italian women the e0 is equal to 83.1 years. With current HPV vaccination strategy the e0 achieves 83.2 (+0.1) years. When HPV-related diseases are considered altogether, the QALYs increase from 82.7 to 82.9 (+0.2 QALYs) with no intervention and vaccination strategies respectively. DALYs decrease by 0.6 due to vaccination. Finally, AR is equal to 93 and 265 cases per 100,000 women in population and not vaccinated, respectively.Conclusion
When mortality due to cervical cancer is considered, HPV vaccination seems to have a low impact on health unit gains in the Italian female population. Conversely, when several HPV-related and cancer morbidity conditions are included, the effect of vaccination becomes quite remarkable.13.
Heath A Kelly Heather F Gidding Theo Karapanagiotidis Jennie A Leydon Michaela A Riddell 《BMC public health》2007,7(1):99
Background
Past measles immunisation policies in Australia have resulted in a cohort of young adults who have been inadequately vaccinated, but who also have low levels of naturally acquired immunity because immunisation programs have decreased the circulation of wild virus. A measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunisation campaign aimed at addressing this susceptibility to measles among young adults was conducted in Australia in 2001–2. By estimating age-specific immunity, we aimed to evaluate the success of this campaign in the state of Victoria. 相似文献14.
Hélène Carabin W John Edmunds Ulla Kou Susan van den Hof Van Hung Nguyen 《BMC public health》2002,2(1):22-13
Background
Even though the annual incidence rate of measles has dramatically decreased in industrialised countries since the implementation of universal immunisation programmes, cases continue to occur in countries where endemic measles transmission has been interrupted and in countries where adequate levels of immunisation coverage have not been maintained. The objective of this study is to develop a model to estimate the average cost per measles case and per adverse event following measles immunisation using the Netherlands (NL), the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada as examples. 相似文献15.
Giuseppe La Torre Ed Van Beeck Gianluigi Quaranta Alice Mannocci Walter Ricciardi 《International journal of health geographics》2007,6(1):49
Objective
To identify determinants of regional differences in traffic accident mortality in Italy. 相似文献16.
Isidore K Kouadio Taro Kamigaki Hitoshi Oshitani 《BMC international health and human rights》2010,10(1):5
Background
Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease with a significant public health impact especially among displaced populations due to their characteristic mass population displacement, high population density in camps and low measles vaccination coverage among children. While the fatality rate in stable populations is generally around 2%, evidence shows that it is usually high among populations displaced by disasters. In recent years, refugees and internally displaced persons have been increasing. Our study aims to define the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated with measles outbreaks in displaced populations. 相似文献17.
Mayfong Mayxay Tiengthong Khomthilat Phoutthalavanh Souvannasing Khamphouvanh Phounesavath Banlieng Vorasane Sommay Keomany Phouvieng Douangdala Khamseng Philavong Leila Srour Paul N Newton 《BMC public health》2007,7(1):193
Background
In 2002 and 2003 there were large outbreaks of measles in many provinces of Laos, including in Vientiane. We therefore conducted a study to determine risk factors associated with measles amongst children admitted at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane. 相似文献18.
Claudio Pelucchi Susanna Esposito Carlotta Galeone Margherita Semino Caterina Sabatini Irene Picciolli Silvia Consolo Gregorio Milani Nicola Principi 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):378
Background
In order to be widely accepted by users, the implementation of a new health intervention requires them to be adequately informed about its clinical importance, benefits and risks. The aim of this study was to provide data on the knowledge of Italian adolescents and parents concerning human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its prevention in order to allow the development of adequate training programmes. 相似文献19.
Dr Lorenzo Pradelli Sergio Iannazzo Orietta Zaniolo Paola Botrugno 《Applied health economics and health policy》2010,8(2):119-128
Background
The management of the large patient population in Italy receiving long-term oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) poses organizational challenges that are traditionally approached with a centralized procedure, relying on hospital-based clinics and/or GPs. However, the availability of near-patient testing devices for the monitoring of OAT effectiveness (international normalized ratio measurement) allows for alternative or complementary management models, in which adequately trained patients perform the test themselves and possibly make decisions about dosing adjustments (patient self-monitoring). Patient self-monitoring has been proven to be effective and safe, and is economically attractive. However, in order to assess its potential economic impact in Italy, there is a need for data on current treatment patterns and relative costs, which are currently not available.Objective
To establish prevalent management patterns and costs incurred by Italian OAT patients.Methods
An ad hoc questionnaire was developed and administered to OAT patients with the support of the main Italian OAT patients association. Returned questionnaires were checked for consistency and valid data were summarized. Resources used were costed according to published prices.Results
A total of 4722 valid questionnaires were returned from all over Italy. The prevalent OAT management model in this sample relied on hospital-based anticoagulation clinics. Significant earning losses, transportation costs and other out-of-pocket expenses were incurred by patients, with an estimated mean overall monthly cost of approximately €30 (year 2008 value). There was a wide distribution of costs in this population, depending mainly on monitoring frequency, home-to-clinic distance and employment status.Conclusion
This study contributes to clarifying the organizational models of the Italian OAT population and delivers data on treatment patterns and costs that may be used when planning and evaluating alternative management options. 相似文献20.
Salvatore Cillino Alessandra Casuccio Francesco Di Pace Francesco Pillitteri Giovanni Cillino Gaetano Lodato 《BMC health services research》2007,7(1):16