脊柱前路手术并发硬膜损伤的原因与治疗

目的探讨脊柱前路手术并发硬膜损伤的原因及其治疗手段。方法总结12例脊柱前路手术并发硬膜损伤的临床资料,初步探讨硬膜损伤的发生原因及术中、术后处理措施。结果病理性因素导致的硬膜损伤9例,占总数的75%,而医源性损伤3例,占25%。术中采用明胶海绵覆盖硬膜破口9例,明胶海绵覆盖后再用纤维蛋白胶封闭3例;术后发生脑脊液漏3例,经过相应处理均得到治愈。结论慢性脊柱病变导致的硬膜病理性改变、爆裂性骨折片对硬膜的直接损伤及术中医源性损伤是脊柱前路手术并发硬膜损伤的主要原因,术中采用明胶海绵覆盖或结合纤维蛋白胶封闭是治疗硬膜损伤的有效手段。     

人工脑膜修复硬脑膜的临床应用

颅脑损伤、颅内肿瘤开颅手术,往往由于颅内压高、疾病原因切除硬脑膜等使硬脑膜难以缝合,自体组织因取材困难,手术时间延长而放弃修复硬脑膜,术后增加了切口感染、颅内感染、脑脊液漏、癫痫发作等并发症可能.本院自2000年5月起应用美国博纳公司脑膜卫士修复硬脑膜30例,与30例开颅未行硬脑膜修复进行比较,取得了明显的疗效.报告如下.     

人工脑膜在去骨瓣减压术中的应用分析

<正>重型颅脑损伤因各种原因引起高颅压,易发生脑疝危及生命,标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除去骨瓣减压是目前常用的手术方式,过去常用颞肌和硬膜直接缝合以保持脑膜的完整性,但由于取材有限,缝合不够严密,术后易发生脑脊液漏,脑膨出,脑膜脑瘢痕与颞肌粘连易引起癫痫等并发症。本院自2008年2月起在去骨瓣减压术中行人工硬脑膜修补58例,取得了明显的疗效。现报道如下。     

腰椎间盘手术致脑脊液漏的防治

分析腰椎间盘手术中硬脊膜损伤的原因,探讨了后脑脊液漏的防治。方法回顾１９９０年至１９９８年间４３例腰椎间盘手术致硬脊膜损伤的临床资料。结果经切口放置引流管的１２例病人,有８例于拔术后生了切口脑脊液漏,经切口旁皮肤,椎旁肌置管的３１例病人,拔管后无一例发生切口脑脊液漏。     

Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘在颈前路手术的临床应用

目的 探讨观察Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换技术治疗颈椎病、颈椎间盘脱出症的临床疗效.方法 自2008-10-2010-03,应用Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎病8例13个椎间隙、颈椎间盘脱出症5例6个间隙,对手术操作、术中出血、术后影像学检查及临床疗效等进行了分析.结果 患者手术后1周均感到上胸部紧缩感及手指麻...     

复杂性颅前窝损伤的手术治疗

目的 报道复杂性颅前窝损伤手术治疗的临床效果.方法 手术以标准额部冠状开颅经硬膜内或联合哽膜内外入路,急诊手术治疗17例,伤后4周手术治疗57例.结果 术前薄层CT扫描和颅骨平片检查示:65例发现前颅底有骨折影,其中多发者47例,9例通过放射性核素检查确定漏口部位.急诊手术死亡1例,总的术后脑脊液漏冶愈71例,急诊手术复发2例.5例术后症状加重,包括急诊手术3例,其中永久性损害2例,短暂性损害1例.急诊手术和延期手术各继发脑膜炎2例.结论 复杂性颅前窝损伤后延期手术效果良好.     

脊柱肿瘤术中应用人工硬脊膜的疗效观察

目的:探讨人工硬脊膜在脊柱肿瘤手术中预防及治疗脑脊液漏的临床效果。方法:回顾性总结2017年12月至2019年5月于南方医科大学第三附属医院骨肿瘤科诊断为脊柱肿瘤或肿瘤样病变且出现椎管内占位而接受肿瘤切除椎管减压的手术病例（不包括椎体全切除的病例）。根据术中是否破坏硬脊膜完整性将病例分为治疗组及预防组。术中出现明确脑脊...     

福爱乐医用胶在神经外科手术中的应用

目的观察福爱乐医用胶在神经外科手术中的应用效果。方法280例神经外科手术患者术中结合应用福爱乐医用胶防脑脊液漏及止血。结果159例开颅手术,111例经鼻蝶手术,10例椎管内病变手术,术中配合福爱乐医用胶使用均未发生脑脊液漏或硬膜外血肿。结论福爱乐医用胶粘合强度大,在神经外科手术中可以起到堵漏及止血作用。     

颈前路手术并发脑脊液漏的原因及处理

目的探讨颈前路手术并发脑脊液漏(CSFL)的原因及处理方法。方法2006年4月~2009年4月我治疗组共行颈前路手术728例,术后发生CSFL6例,其中3例为颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者,1例为多节段颈椎病患者,1例为外伤后颈椎脱位患者,1例为颈椎后纵韧带骨化合并硬膜囊骨化患者。6例患者均于术中发现脑脊液漏。除1例后纵韧带骨化合并硬膜囊骨化患者在切除后纵韧带骨化块后发现硬膜有一处约3×2mm左右缺损外,余患者均未发现明显硬脊膜缺损。1例正中部位硬膜囊破损患者术中行硬膜囊修补术,其余5例无法修补硬脊膜患者采用自体筋膜和明胶海绵、生物蛋白胶填塞处理。全部病例术后采用头高脚低卧位,常规使用抗生素、补足液体及应用白蛋白并加强伤口换药,保持伤口清洁干燥。结果经上述处置后,全部6例患者在术后5~17d脑脊液漏完全治愈,未并发椎管内及颅内感染、脊髓及神经根症状、脑脊液囊肿形成。术后患者神经功能恢复良好。JOA评分提高4~6分(平均4.8分)。结论对颈前路手术发生CSFL的患者术中尽量修补破损的硬脊膜,并采用自体筋膜填塞,术后采用头高脚低位并重视补液及加强换药,可以有效治疗脑脊液漏。该方法操作简单易行,无严重并发症发生,是值得应用的治疗措施。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症手术并发硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏的原因分析及防治

目的：分析胸椎黄韧带骨化症(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)手术并发硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏的原因，并探讨其防治方法。方法：对103例手术治疗的胸椎OLF患者中并发硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：30例发生硬脊膜损伤，发生率为29．13％；22例术后发生脑脊液漏，发生率为21．36％，其中21例患者经以俯卧位为主的综合治疗后痊愈，1例发生伤口全层裂开，二次手术后痊愈。结论：硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏是胸椎OLF手术易发生的并发症；俯卧位为主的综合治疗是治疗术后脑脊液漏的有效方案，但患者较痛苦，有待改进。     

Fibrotic-haemorrhagic reaction to synthetic dural substitute

Summary A case is presented in which a patient developed a complication related to the use of Silastic dural substitute. Ten years after the initial surgery, a fibrotic-haemorrhagic reaction around the graft material was found, mimicking a recurrent meningioma clinically and radiologically. A review of the literature and suggested mechanisms of these complications are reported.     

Total dura substitute in the spine: double layer dural substitute made from polylactide layer and bovine pericardium

Summary When there is significant loss of spinal dura mater, dural substitution with synthetic or allogenic materials is essential. In the case of laminectomy, mechanical protection and reformation of the dorsal spinal canal may be useful. This is a report on a patient with total dura loss through tumour atrophy of the dura and laminae. In order to reconstruct the dorsal face of the spinal canal a polylactide sheet was cut and shaped to fit the physiological contour. A bovine dura substitute was firmly attached and sutured to the inner surface of the polylactide shield. The implant was wedged in between the pedicles and the facet joints and resulted in a water-tight dura substitute maintaining the shape of the spinal canal and protecting it against mechanical forces and intradural scar formation.     

硬脑膜补丁修补法与普通硬脑膜缝合在关于后颅窝手术术后并发症的比较

目的探讨硬脑膜补丁修补法与普通硬脑膜缝合在预防后颅窝手术术后皮下积液、脑脊液漏中的优势。方法对2016年10月至2019年4月采用硬脑膜补丁修补法修补缺损硬脑膜40例,同期常规修补方式修补缺损硬脑膜60例患者资料进行分析。结果硬脑膜补丁修补的40例中,术后2例(5%)出现皮下积液,1(2.5%)例出现脑脊液漏,1例(2.5%)出现颅内感染。普通硬脑膜缝合的60例中,15例(25%)出现皮下积液,7例(11.6%)出现脑脊液漏,4例(6.6%)出现颅内感染。结论硬脑膜补丁法修补法在预防后颅窝手术术后皮下积液明显优于常规修补法。     

Spontaneous haematoma as unusual complication of silastic dural substitute. Report of 2 cases

Summary Two cases of an unusual complication of synthetic duraplasty are reported. In both cases, patients had been operated on because of meningiomas and dural defects had been repaired with Silastic. Some years later they developed severe graft-related haematomas and were ultimately successfully treated only by the removal of the synthetic grafts. On the basis of this and other clinical experiences, biological dural grafts seem to be preferable to synthetic ones.     

腰椎MED手术发生脑脊液漏的原因分析及对策

目的分析显微椎间盘镜下髓核除手术(Micro Endoscopic Discectomy，MED)并发硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏的原因特点，探讨其预防办法。方法通过回顾性的方法对1999年12月至2003年12月期间452例MED手术发生硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏的15例患临床资料进行分析总结。结果术中发现硬脊膜损伤的13例患，有9例术后出现脑脊液漏；2例术中未发现硬脊膜损伤的患术后也出现了脑脊液漏；11例脑脊液漏患经术后正规的保守治疗于3～7d内治愈，无1例脑脊髓膜炎，无继发的深部感染。结论MED手术因其自身的特点，易发生硬脊膜损伤；但通过术前对病例仔细分析，术中具备一定的手术技巧，可以减少硬脊膜损伤的发生；术中对损伤硬脊膜及时堵塞或修补，术后采取正规的保守治疗措施，脑脊液漏均可治愈。     

New Dried Human Amniotic Membrane Is Useful as a Substitute for Dural Repair after Skull Base Surgery

Objectives Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is an undesirable complication of skull base surgery. We used dried human amniotic membrane (AM) as a patch graft for dural repair to determine its efficacy in preventing CSF leakage.Design Frontoparietal craniotomy and removal of dura were performed in 20 Wistar rats. A dried AM was placed to cover the dural defect without suturing in 16 animals. In four animals, an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene was implanted. At 2 weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months, histological examination was performed. Dried AM was also used as a substitute in 10 patients who underwent skull base surgery, after approval by the Ethics Committee of the University of Toyama.Results At 2 weeks after implantation, thick connective tissue completely enclosed the dried AM. At 1 month after implantation, the connective tissue became thin and the implanted AM shortened. At 3 and 6 months after implantation, histological examination revealed disappearance of the dried AM and formation of membranous tissue. In the clinical study, neither CSF leakage nor clinical adverse reactions directly related to the dried AM were observed.Conclusion Dried human AM appears to be an ideal substitute for dura, since it is replaced by natural tissue.     

Development of watertight and bioabsorbable synthetic dural substitutes

Abstract:  We have developed novel watertight and bioabsorbable synthetic dural substitutes. The substitutes were designed such that they had a three-layered structure, and each layer comprised a bioabsorbable copolymer prepared from l -lactide, glycolide, and ε-caprolactone. Various copolymers were synthesized, and appropriate compositions were selected for preparing the substitutes based on the results of leakage tests. Experimental substitutes that prevented the leakage of saline through the suture lines between the substitutes and dura mater were prepared. An in vitro study was performed in which the substitutes were sutured to porcine dura mater, and the amount of saline leakage was measured. It was demonstrated that leakage through the suture line could be completely suppressed by using the substitutes we developed along with favorable suturing techniques.     

人工硬脑膜与自体筋膜成形修补术治疗Chiari Ⅰ畸形合并脊髓空洞症的临床观察

目的评价人工硬脑膜治疗Chiari Ⅰ畸形合并脊髓空洞疗效及并发症. 方法 2002年6月～2004年6月收治Chiari Ⅰ畸形合并脊髓空洞40例,均行枕大孔减压及硬膜成形术,其中20例应用人工硬脑膜行硬膜修补(人工硬膜组),余20例应用自体阔筋膜行硬膜修补(自体筋膜组). 结果术后半年2组临床症状改善均为17例(85.0%),无恶化.术后发热人工硬膜组12例(60.0%),自体筋膜组9例(45.0%),差异无显著性(χ2 =0.902,P=0.342).2组在手术时间[(3.6±0.7) h vs.(3.4±0.4) h, t=1.109,P=0.274]、术后发热的起始时间[(7.3±3.4) d vs.(9.4±2.5) d,t=-1.560,P=0.135]、持续时间(1～19 d, vs.1～8 d,中位数4.5 d vs.2 d, z=-1.643,P=0.100)、引流放置时间[(1.3±0.5) d vs.(1.2±0.4) d,t=0.230,P=0.820]及引流量(15～300 ml vs.20～250 ml,中位数80 ml vs.37.5 ml, z=-1.359,P=0.174)、术后应用抗生素的时间[(15.8±4.8) d vs.(13.7±1.5) d , t=1.260, P=0.223]、术后疗效评价均无显著差异,而应用激素的时间人工硬膜组(12.8±4.1) d长于自体筋膜组(7.8±3.1) d(t=3.055,P=0.007).2组术后半年复查MR均无后颅窝积液.40例随访9个月～2年,自体筋膜组1例出现迟发伤口炎性肉芽肿,经清创治疗后治愈. 结论 Chiari Ⅰ畸形合并脊髓空洞手术中,人工硬脑膜是可靠的修补硬膜替代物,疗效肯定.     

颈椎手术并发脑脊液漏的处理

目的 探讨颈椎手术并发脑脊液漏（CSFL）的处理方法及其疗效。方法 对11例颈椎手术并发CSFL的患者,后路手术采用自体筋膜修补2例,前路手术采用自体筋膜明胶海绵堵塞9例,手术后仍存在CSFL患者采取去枕头高足低位、延长脱水剂应用时间、行腰穿蛛网膜下腔引流。结果 2例后路手术CSFL患者修补成功。9例前路行硬膜堵塞患者4例仍有CSFL,行腰穿蛛网膜下腔引流,切口引流或漏出0—3d停止．切口在引流后7d拆线均愈合。结论 CSFL术中采用修补或堵塞硬膜破口术后采用头高足低位、延长脱水剂应用时间可减少手术后CSFL的发生;术后持续腰穿蛛网膜下腔引流,能有效终止切口内CSFL,有利于切口愈合,避免感染发生。     

腰椎手术合并硬脊膜损伤及脑脊液漏的处理

目的 探讨腰椎手术合并脊膜损伤及脑脊液漏的处理方法。方法 对68例硬脊膜损伤者术中应用不同的方法进行修复;对于已发生脑脊液漏者,根据术中硬脊膜损伤类型进行相应处理。结果 68例硬脊膜损伤,15例发生脑脊液漏,无1例出现远期并发症。结论 术中损伤硬脊膜的修复是预防脑脊液漏的最有效方法。硬膜外引流治疗脑脊液漏有较好疗效。