高龄患者胸部肿瘤手术并发呼吸衰竭的护理

术后肺部并发症是引起术后死亡的重要原因。在许多术后呼吸衰竭相关的危险因素研究中，其危险因素常分为病人相关因素和手术相关因素。多次研究表明，高龄是术后呼吸衰竭的独立危险因素，大于65岁的高龄病人开胸术后呼吸道并发症是影响手术预后及导致死亡的主要因素之一，其发生率高达20％～40％。2001年1月至2003年12月，我科对42例高龄患者施行胸部肿瘤切除手术，术后并发呼吸衰竭9例。发生率为21．43％。其中死亡3例，     

老年结直肠肿瘤患者根治性切除术后肺部并发症的危险因素

目的 探讨老年结直肠肿瘤患者根治性切除术后肺部并发症的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集2019年1~12月首次行结直肠肿瘤根治性切除术老年患者的病历资料。收集患者一般资料、合并症、围术期监测指标及术后肺部并发症等。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析法筛选此类患者术后肺部并发症的危险因素。结果 共纳入资料完整患者662例,其中45例(6.80%)发生术后肺部并发症(并发症组)。单因素分析显示,与非并发症组比较,并发症组患者年龄较大、术前血中性粒细胞百分比较高(P＜0.05),术中胶体液、红细胞悬液及血浆静脉滴注量较多(P＜0.05),术前及术后血红蛋白、血白蛋白较低(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄＞80岁(OR=4.433,95%CI:1.963~10.007,P=0.000)、术前血白蛋白＜30g/L(OR=7.305,95%CI:1.606~33.214,P=0.010)是老年结直肠肿瘤患者根治性切除术后肺部并发症的独立危险因素。结论 年龄＞80岁、术前血白蛋白＜30g/L是老年结直肠肿瘤患者根治性切除术后肺部并发症的独立危险因素。     

早期宫颈癌术后并发症Clavien-Dindo/CTCAE分级评估及危险因素分析

目的:采用Clavien-Dindo/CTCAE并发症分类系统评估早期宫颈癌术后并发症并分析其危险因素.方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2015年12月南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院412例早期宫颈癌患者的临床资料,排除未手术54例、不符合FIGO分期标准23例、临床资料缺失60例、随访退出27例,最终纳入248例早期宫颈癌患者,患者年龄44.5(25,85)岁,体质指数(body mass index,BMI)22.9(14.6,45) kg/m2,采用Clavien-Dindo/CTCAE分类系统对患者术中、术后进行分级评估,单因素分析患者基线资料,并将P＜0.2的变量纳入多因素logistic回归模型确定术中、术后并发症的危险因素.Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析总体生存率并采用对数秩检验.结果:术后严重并发症(Clavien-Dindo/CTCAE≥3)31例(14.1％)、非严重并发症120例(48.4％),无并发症97例(39.1％).多因素logistic回归模型显示,BMI＞30 kg/m2是术中并发症的独立危险因素(OR=4.90,95％CI=1.72～20.44,P=0.020);宫旁浸润(OR=7.39,95％CI=1.37～39.72,P=0.020)、术前放疗(OR=3.98,95％CI=1.29～12.34,P=0.016)是术后严重并发症的独立危险因素.结论:BMI ＞30 kg/m2是术中并发症发生的独立危险因素,宫旁浸润、术前放疗是术后严重并发症发生的独立危险因素.     

妇科手术后并发肠梗阻的危险因素分析

目的：探讨妇科手术后并发肠梗阻的危险因素。方法：选取我院妇科手术后并发肠梗阻的患者32例作为观察对象,分析妇科手术后并发肠梗阻的危险因素。结果：年龄＞60岁、手术时间＞3h、术中出血量＞800ml、术后出血、既往腹部手术史、白蛋白＜30g、术后镇痛、胃肠功能紊乱史的妇科手术患者出现并发症肠梗阻的几率较高,分别占56．25％、75．00％、68．75％、65．63％、75．00％、68．75％、78．13％、71．87％;对妇科手术后并发肠梗阻的影响因素行多因素分析,发现术中出血量＞800ml、术后输血、既往腹腔手术史、白蛋白＜30g是妇科手术后并发肠梗阻的独立危险因素。结论：妇科手术后并发肠梗阻与术中出血量过多、术后出血、既往腹腔手术史及白蛋白＜30g等密切相关,术前了解既往手术史,减少术中出血量,能够降低术后肠梗阻的发生几率。     

腹部手术后肺部并发症的临床分析

目的分析引起腹部手术后肺部并发症的危险因素，以采取措施降低并发症发生率，提高手术安全。方法对2003年-2006年收治的302例腹部手术患者进行前瞻性研究。将患者根据性别、年龄、手术部位等随机分为2组，试验组从术前3d开始使用IS持续至术后3d，比较2组腹部手术后肺部并发症的发生率。结果302例患者中有38例术后出现了PPC，发生率为12．58％，上腹部手术为14．29％，下腹部手术为5．26％。术前年龄〉60岁、有吸烟史、肺功能异常的患者术后PPC的发生率明显增高，分别为17．16％，20．25％，20．59％。在观察组上腹部手术PPC的发生率有所降低，但差异无显著性。而对高龄、吸烟、原有肺部疾病的患者，使用Is后PPC的发生率明显降低，差异有显著性。结论对于高危患者，术前肺功能评估，围术期加强监护和治疗，是减少术后肺部并发症的必要手段。而使用IS可降低上腹部手术PPC的发生率，尤其是对那些高龄、吸烟、原有肺部疾病的高危险因素患者更具有十分重要的意义。     

胸腔镜治疗老年早期肺癌围术期心肺并发症危险因素分析

目的 分析胸腔镜手术治疗老年早期肺癌围术期并发症的主要危险因素,为老年肺癌并发症的防治提供科学依据.方法 回顾性分析2008～2014年该院行胸腔镜手术切除的100例老年早期肺癌患者的临床资料.对围术期发生肺部感染、心律失常、胸腔积液、气胸等心肺并发症的危险因素分别行单因素x2检验及多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 100例病例中24例(24％)发生心肺并发症.单因素分析结果显示:年龄大于70岁、吸烟指数大于400、1秒钟用力呼气量与用力肺活量比值(FEV1％)≤60％、手术时间大于3h和合并基础疾病5个危险因素显著影响老年早期肺癌围术期心肺并发症发生率(P＜0.05),性别、手术方式、肿瘤类型3个危险因素无显著影响(P＞0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:吸烟指数大于400、手术时间大于3h是老年早期肺癌围术期心肺并发症发生的影响因素.结论 术前全面评估上述危险因素,可初步预测围术期心肺并发症的发生率.     

46例超高龄患者肺癌开胸术后呼吸道的护理

目的探讨80岁以上高龄肺癌患者开胸术后呼吸道的护理措施,总结护理效果,从而降低肺部并发症的发生,提高肺癌患者手术效果。方法回顾解放军海军总医院胸外科2010年8月—2013年6月收治的46例80岁以上高龄肺癌患者资料,对制定的个体化围术期呼吸道护理措施进行总结分析。结果本组患者在围手术期全面地评估患者的全身状况,采取有计划、有目的个体化护理措施,降低了开胸术后肺部并发症的发生,全组肺叶切除26例,局部切除20例,术后发生呼吸道并发症7例,经及时治疗后均治愈出院。结论高龄患者因胸廓和肺的顺应性下降心肺功能低下,肺的生理储备能力低下,另外,开胸手术创伤大、时间长,容易出现呼吸道并发症。对80岁以上高龄肺癌患者,采取个体化呼吸道护理措施,可减少肺部并发症的发生,提高手术治疗效果。     

80岁以上高龄患者髋部骨折术后1年内死亡率及相关因素分析

目的:探讨80岁以上高龄患者髋部骨折术后1年内死亡率及其相关危险因素。方法:回顾性随访中日友好医院2012年1月1日～2014年6月30日因髋部骨折住院高龄(年龄>80岁)行PFNA、半髋置换术患者58例,电话随访术后1年内死亡率,并分析围术期临床相关参数。结果:高龄患者髋部骨折术后1年内死亡率为34.48%,术前患有肺部疾患(P=0.015)、泌尿系感染(P=0.014)以及术后新发心血管事件(P=0.013)与死亡率具有相关性;多因素Cox回归分析,谵妄(P=0.014)合并肺部疾患、泌尿系统感染及新发术后心血管事件与死亡率相关。结论:术前患有肺部疾患、泌尿系统感染以及术后新发心血管事件是80岁以上高龄患者髋部骨折术后死亡的独立危险因素。其原因是术后谵妄会增加术后死亡风险。因此,麻醉医生及外科医生应在围术期密切关注上述相关危险因素。     

体质指数与肺癌术后并发症及死亡率的关系研究

目的 探讨体质指数(BMI)对肺癌术后并发症及死亡率的影响。方法 回顾性分析我科2009年1月至2016年12月278例行手术治疗的肺癌患者的临床资料,按体质量指数分为3组:低体质量组(BMI<18.5kg/m~2);健康组(18.5kg/m~2≤BMI<24.0kg/m~2);超重肥胖组(BMI≥24.0kg/m2)。通过单因素和logistic多因素回归分析BMI等因素对术后并发症及死亡率的影响。结果 围术期共死亡9例,三组患者的病死率比较差异无统计学意义。超重肥胖组患者与低体质量组患者的总并发症与肺部并发症明显高于健康组患者,三组患者总发症和肺部并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示:FEV1>70%是围手术期死亡的保护因素[OR=0.171,95%CI(0.039,0.741)];低体质量是术后总并发症发生的独立危险因素[OR=3.097,95%CI(1.312,7.309)];吸烟是术后肺部并发症及总并发症的独立危险因素[OR=2.049,95%CI(1.075,3.907); OR=3.579,95%CI(2.004,6.391)]。结论 低体质量患者术后肺部并发症明显增高,是肺癌术后总并发症的独立危险因素;肺功能良好(FEV1>70%)能降低患者围手术期死亡的风险;吸烟增加肺癌患者术后肺部并发症及总并发症发生的风险。     

胸外科两种手术方式对老年患者术后心肺并发症分析

目的：比较65岁以上老年患者行电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）和传统开胸手术后心、肺并发症的发生情况。方法：将776例行胸外科手术的高龄患者根据手术方式不同分为VATS组和传统开胸组。VATS组140例,平均年龄75．2岁;传统开胸组636例,平均年龄73．1岁,（P〉0．05）。结果：VATS组手术后心肺并发症总发生率18．6％。传统开胸组31．5％（P〈0．05）。VATS组术后肺部并发症发生率61．5％,传统开胸组68．0％（P〉0．05）。术后两组心脏并发症总发生率47．8％,肺并发症总发生率67．3％（P〈0．01）。结论：因胸部疾患行胸外科手术的高龄患者,VATS组术后心肺并发症的总发生率明显低于传统开胸组。全组术后肺部并发症发生率明显高于心脏并发症。因此,为了手术安全,对高龄患者应提倡采用创伤小的VATS,以减少术后心肺并发症的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.