五种根管充填技术对侧支根管的封闭性研究

目的　评价五种根充技术对侧支根管的封闭能力。方法　选取 5 0个离体牙分别于牙根距根尖孔3mm ,6mm ,9mm处近远中面制作模拟侧支根管 ,形成侧支根管模型 ,随机分为五组 ,每组 10个 ,分别采用A组冷牙胶侧方加压、B组热牙胶垂直加压、C组Ultrafil3D、D组Thermafi、E组ObturaⅡ技术进行充填 ;并测量充填材料进入侧支根管的深度和计数封闭的侧支根管数。结果　依据充填材料封闭侧支根管的率 ,五种根充技术对侧支根管的封闭能力从大到小依次为C >E =D >B >A ,有显著性差异。A组在 9mm、6mm、3mm水平对侧支根管的充填效果均较差 ,C组均较好 ,不同水平之间没有显著性差异 ;B、D、E组在 9mm、6mm水平优于 3mm ,有显著性差异。在 3mm水平 ,各组充填效果均较差 ,没有显著性差异。结论　冷牙胶侧方加压技术对侧支根管的封闭能力较差 ,注射式热牙胶充填技术对侧支根管的封闭能力较好。     

Assessment of different gutta-percha brands during the filling of simulated lateral canals

AIM: To compare the ability of five different commercially available gutta-percha points to fill simulated lateral canals when subjected to warm vertical compaction. METHODOLOGY: Fifty clear plastic teeth with a lateral canal in each third of the root were used. All teeth were filled using warm vertical compaction. Backfilling was completed with a sealer and the same gutta-percha point used during the apical condensation. After this, they were horizontally sectioned using a diamond disc adapted to a low-speed saw. The resulting sections were embedded in epoxy resin. The extent of gutta-percha and sealer filling were measured in each lateral canal using an IMAGE-PRO 4.0 software system. The voids in each canal were measured using the same system. Data were ranked and analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. RESULTS: The mean percentage of the three lateral canals filled with gutta-percha and sealer were respectively: Konne (68.23% and 24.50%), Analytic (67.90% and 25.28%), Obtura (63.80% and 29.60%), Tanari (49.42% and 45.86%) and Dentsply (44.60% and 47.05%). There was significantly (P < 0.05) more gutta-percha in the lateral canal filled with Analytic, Obtura and Konne points than with Tanari and Dentsply points. CONCLUSIONS: The brand of gutta-percha cone had an influence on the length of filling within lateral canals. This may be a reflection of the chemical formulation of the gutta-percha points.     

Effectiveness of a silicon-based root canal sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of a silicon-based root canal sealer, compared to zinc oxide and eugenol and an epoxy resin-based sealers, for filling of simulated lateral canals. Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected, conventional access was made and the working length was established 1 mm from the apical foramen. Three simulated lateral canals, one in each root third (coronal, middle and apical) were prepared in both the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth using a size 15 reamer adapted to a low-speed handpiece. Each root canal was instrumented using ProTaper rotary files up to file F3 at the working length, and then irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl followed by EDTA. The teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=10), according to the root canal sealer: Roeko Seal (Group 1), Sealer 26 (group 2) and Grossman's sealer (Group 3). Gutta-percha cold lateral condensation technique was performed in all groups. Postoperative radiographs were taken and the images were projected for evaluation of the quality of lateral canal filling. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. The results showed that Grossman's sealer filled a larger number of lateral canals than Roeko Seal (p<0.05) and Sealer 26 (p<0.01). It may be concluded that Roeko Seal silicone-based root canal sealer was not as effective as the Grossman's sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals. The lateral canals localized in the apical third of the root were more difficult to be filled.     

Influence of calcium hydroxide dressing on the obturation of simulated lateral canals

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate what influence an interappointment dressing with calcium hydroxide might have on the ability to subsequently obturate simulated lateral canals. Twenty extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented at the working length to a #35 file before creating three simulated lateral canals on the mesial and distal surfaces of the root, one in each third, using a #15 engine reamer. After enlarging the root canals to a #45 file, the teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 10. In both groups AH26 was used as the sealer. In group A, the obturation was performed immediately using Ultrafil. In group B, root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and incubated for 7 days. The teeth were then reinstrumented, irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, dried with paper points, and obturated as in group A. Teeth in group A showed a larger number of filled lateral canals compared with those in group B. Statistical significant differences were observed when comparing the same third in the two groups (apical third p < 0.05, middle third p < 0.01, and coronal third p < 0.01). No differences were found among the different thirds in the same group (p > 0.05).     

Comparison of the obturation of lateral canals by six techniques.

The following obturation techniques were compared on their ability to obturate lateral canals in vitro, lateral condensation (LC), continuous wave of condensation (CW), warm vertical condensation (WV), carrier-based thermoplasticized gutta-percha (CB), warm lateral condensation (WL), and vertically condensed high-temperature gutta-percha (HT). A root canal system with lateral canals in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds was prepared in resin blocks. Each block was obturated using each technique (n = 30, 15 each, with and without sealer). The length of gutta-percha and sealer in each of the lateral canals was measured with a measuring microscope and statistically compared. All techniques obturated all three levels of lateral canals with sealer. WV, CB, and CW were able to fill the lateral canals with gutta-percha significantly better when root canal sealer was used. WV, CB, CW, and HT filled the coronal and middle lateral canals significantly better with gutta-percha than LC or WL condensation. CB and CW filled the apical lateral canal significantly better with gutta-percha than HT, WV, WL, or LC.     

Influence of gutta-percha points on the filling of simulated lateral canals

The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the percentage of filling of simulated lateral canals in teeth obturated with TP medium and standardized gutta-percha points. Twenty human mandibular canines were prepared with LA Axxess (SybronEndo) and K3 Endo rotary system (SybronEndo) up to a #50 file, according to the Free Tip Preparation Technique. During instrumentation, the root canals were alternately irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. Six artificial lateral canals were prepared at the apical third of each tooth. Then, the teeth were assigned to two groups (n=10): Group 1 - filled with TP medium master gutta-percha points (Dentsply, Mailleffer); Group 2 - filled with standardized master gutta-percha points (Dentsply, Mailleffer). Root canal filling was complemented with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply, Mailleffer) and accessory gutta-percha points (Dentsply, Mailleffer), according to the classic technique. The teeth were radiographed and the images obtained were digitized. Linear measurements of the percentage of filling of the artificial lateral canals in each group were accomplished on the Image Tool 2.02 software. Statistical analysis of the data using Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test evidenced significant difference (p<0.01) between the experimental groups. The group obturated with TP medium points yielded higher percentage of filling of the lateral canals. It may be concluded that the use of master gutta-percha points with larger taper resulted in better filling of the simulated lateral canals, as compared to the use of standardized master gutta-percha points.     

Effect of different irrigation activation techniques on irrigation penetration into the simulated lateral canals

Odontology - This study, in which a hundred human teeth with single straight canal were used, focused on the evaluation of contrast solution penetration ability into the simulated lateral canals...     

手用ProTaper镍钛器械根管预备后不同充填方法的效果研究

目的:比较手用ProTaper镍钛器械预备根管后不同方法充填后的根尖封闭能力。方法:将手用ProTaper器械预备的45个上颌磨牙单根管牙根,随机分为3组,每组15个。第1组:侧方加压法配合ISO标准牙胶充填;第2组:单尖法配合非ISO标准牙胶充填;第3组:热牙胶垂直加压法配合非ISO标准牙胶充填。牙根经过染色、透明,镜下测量染料渗入深度。结果:第1组和第3组的染料渗入的深度小于第2组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:手用ProTaper器械预备后的根管采用热牙胶垂直加压法 非ISO牙胶或侧方加压法 ISO牙胶可以获得良好的根尖封闭。     

Microscopic and chemical evaluation of the filling quality of five obturation techniques in oval-shaped root canals

Clinical Oral Investigations - The aim of this study was to assess the filling quality of five obturation techniques in oval-shaped root canals. A total of 212 mandibular first molars with one...     

System-B充填技术对模拟侧支根管充填效果的体外评价

目的:研究System-B连续波垂直加压充填技术对不同部位、不同直径侧支根管的充填情况.方法:选取人类单根管离体牙40颗,随机分为2组.根管预备后,在距根尖3mm、6mm、9mm处制备8#及15#K锉直径的人工侧支根管,分别用System-B连续波垂直加压充填技术和传统冷牙胶侧压充填法进行充填.制备成透明牙后,在体视显微镜下观察侧支根管的充填情况,采用SPSS13.0软件包对2组的充填效果进行比较.结果:System-B连续波垂直加压充填技术组和冷牙胶侧方加压充填技术组对侧支根管的充填率分别是85.00%和49.17%(P<0.05).System-B连续波垂直加压充填技术组对距根尖孔6mm、9mm处的侧支根管充填率及进入侧支根管充填物长度均优于3mm处(P<0.05),而6mm与9mm处的侧支充填,无论充填率或是充填长度,两者均无显著性差异(P>0.05);侧支根管充填的充填长度显示,直径较大的15#K锉组优于直径较小的8#K锉组(P<0.05).结论:System-B连续波垂直加压充填技术对侧支根管的充填效果优于冷牙胶侧压充填技术,其对不同部位及不同直径的侧支根管的充填效果也有差别.     

应用micro-CT评价不同封闭技术的根管充填质量

目的: 利用micro-CT评价不同封闭技术对根管充填质量的影响。方法: 选取单根管上颌前牙40颗,截冠后,使牙根长度为12 mm。利用ProTaper预备至F3,将处理好的样本随机分为4组（n=10）,用牙胶尖和（或）iRoot SP分别使用冷侧压法、热牙胶法、单尖法、纯糊剂法完成充填。1周后,应用micro-CT扫描并测量分析根管内存在的间隙,计算各组存在气泡的横截面比例和充填材料整体、冠1/3、中1/3、尖1/3的体积比,采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 热牙胶组存在气泡的横截面比例最少(P<0.05);整体、冠1/3、中1/3热牙胶组的充填材料体积比最大(P<0.05),而尖1/3纯糊剂组的充填材料体积比最大（P<0.05）,其他各组间均无显著差异。结论: 所有封闭技术均不能避免气泡产生,热牙胶法充填质量最高。     

Effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals using the Obtura II system

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals by using the Obtura II system. Root canals of artificial teeth were prepared using a standard protocol, and lateral canals were made in three thirds of the root canal. The root canals were filled with either Obtura gutta-percha (OB), Endo-points flow gutta-percha (ED), or Resilon (RE) by using the Obtura II system. The fillings were evaluated using digitized radiographs and analyzed by using Image Tool software. Outlines of the total areas of the lateral canals and the filled areas were used to determine the percentage of filling in each lateral canal. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at a 5% significance level. RE and ED showed better results than OB did in the three thirds of the root canals. When the root canal thirds were compared, OB and RE were more effective in the cervical third than in the apical third (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Resilon and EndoFlow gutta-percha were effective in filling lateral canals by using the Obtura II system.     

不同根管充填技术对椭圆形根管的根尖封闭效果

目的 探讨采用不同根管充填技术对椭圆形根管根尖封闭效果的影响.方法 选取近期拔除的椭圆形单根管前磨牙120颗随机分成6组,每组20颗,采用iRoot-SP和AH-Plus根管封闭剂,结合单尖充填法、连续波热牙胶垂直加压充填法、冷牙胶侧方加压充填法,即单尖iRoot组、热牙胶iRoot组、冷牙胶iRoot组、单尖AH组、热牙胶AH组、冷牙胶AH组,采用染料渗透法观察根尖的微渗漏情况.结果 热牙胶iRoot组、热牙胶AH组的根尖染料渗入深度明显小于单尖iRoot组、单尖AH组(P<0.05);热牙胶iRoot组、冷牙胶iRoot组尖染料渗入深度明显小于热牙胶AH组、冷牙胶AH组(P<0.05);其他的组间两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 热牙胶垂直加压技术可以使椭圆形根管达到更好的根尖封闭效果,且配合使用iRoot SP根管封闭剂的封闭效果较配合使用AH-Plus根管封闭剂好.     

Evaluation of different root canal filling techniques in severely curved canals by micro-computed tomography

AimTo fill the severely curved root canals with different filling techniques and to compare these techniques using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).Materials and methodsSixty extracted mandibular first molars (degree of root canal curvature >25°) were selected. All samples were divided into four groups and filled with one of the following techniques: lateral condensation, single-cone, continuous-wave obturation, and core carrier. After they were scanned by micro-CT, the total area, filled area and void area of the root canal were calculated. The Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).ResultsIt was shown that significantly more filling material was used in the lateral condensation and core carrier technique groups at 2 and 5 mm than in the single-cone and continuous-wave obturation technique groups (p < 0.05). It was observed no statistically significant difference at 8 mm (p > 0.05).ConclusionNo technique could completely fill in root canal. Regarding the coronal part, all techniques can be used for more effective filling as long as a good condensation is achieved. The use of a plugger with an optimal size according to the localisation of root canal curvature and the choice of a heat-resistant root canal sealer affects the success of the treatment in the thermoplastic techniques.     

An in vitro model to investigate filling of lateral canals

Aims of this work were to examine lateral canals in extracted teeth, to propose a new technique to produce artificial lateral canals, and to compare two obturation techniques. Cleared roots were examined to record measure and shape of lateral canals. Artificial lateral canals were prepared on human demineralized teeth before final clearing. Specimens were divided in two groups: canals of group 1 were filled with Schilder's technique, canals of group 2 were filled with vertical compaction with apical backfilling. Stereomicroscopic analysis of lateral canal filling revealed lower filling rates in apical canals compared to coronal ones and higher filling rates with "vertical compaction with apical backfilling" compared to Schilder's group. The tested procedure appears to be a reliable technique to obtain standardized lateral canals and to compare filling procedures.     

Effectiveness of different gutta-percha techniques when filling experimental internal resorptive cavities

Aim To determine the quality of root fillings in teeth with artificial internal resorptive cavities filled with Thermafil, JS Quick‐Fill, Soft Core, System B and Microseal, and by cold lateral compaction (LC) technique. Methodology Sixty maxillary incisor teeth were selected. After access cavity preparation and root canal instrumentation, the roots were sectioned horizontally and artificial internal resorption cavities were prepared on the canal walls. The tooth sections were cemented together and the root canals were filled using one of six different techniques: Thermafil, JS Quick‐Fill, Soft Core, System B and Microseal, and by LC. The roots were then divided at the level of the previous section and each root surface was photographed. Image analysis program was used to calculate the percentage of sealer, gutta‐percha and void in the internal resorptive cavities. All measurements were analysed statistically using One‐way anova and Newman–Keuls tests. Results The Microseal technique filled 99% of the artificial resorptive area followed by LC (92%), SystemB (89%), Quick‐Fill (88%), Thermafil (74%) and Soft‐Core (73%). Warm gutta‐percha compaction techniques filled the resorption areas with more gutta‐percha than sealer (Microseal 68%, System B 62%) compared to the other techniques (LC 48%, Quick Fill 41%, Soft Core 34%, Thermafil 35%). In addition, core techniques left a considerable volume of voids in the resorptive areas (Quick‐Fill 12%, Thermafil 26%, Soft Core 27%). Conclusions Warm gutta techniques filled artificial resorption cavities significantly better than the other gutta‐percha techniques.     

Analysis of the sealing ability of different obturation techniques in oval-shaped canals: a study using a bacterial leakage model

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of 3 obturation techniques in oval canals using a bacterial leakage model. Seventy mandibular incisors with oval canals were selected after buccolingual and mesiodistal radiographs, and divided into three groups. After instrumentation, the canals were obturated respectively by lateral condensation (G1), warm vertical condensation (G2) and Thermafil (G3). Five root canals were not obturated and served as positive controls; five teeth with intact crowns served as negative controls. All teeth were mounted on a 2 chamber apparatus and then exposed to human saliva. The number of days required for the entire contamination of the root canals was recorded, observing the turbidity of the BHI broth, for a period of 100 days. 84.21% of the samples from the lateral condensation group (G1); 84.21% of the samples from the warm vertical condensation group (G2); and 89.47% of the samples from the Thermafil System group (G3) showed no contamination at the end of the study. No statistical significant difference was found among the three techniques. The quality of the apical seal in the three techniques tested was similar.     

Effect of irrigation solutions on the filling of lateral root canals

Abstract An in vitro study involving 66 single–rooted human teeth was performed. The teeth were divided into 3 groups: control group, root canals instrumented and irrigated with distilled water; experimental group A, root canals instrumented and irrigated with 15% EDTA; and experimental group B, root canals instrumented and irrigated with 5% sodium hypochlorite. All canals were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and Diaket® A. Radiographs were taken mesiodistally and buccolingually and the number of lateral canals filled in the various teeth was counted. The group treated with 15% EDTA showed a significantly larger number of filled lateral canals than the groups irrigated with distilled water or sodium hypochlorite.