纤维素与己内酰胺的接枝共聚反应

以过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾为引发剂,在碱性环境下进行纤维素与己内酰胺的接枝共聚反应。采用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对接枝共聚物的分子结构、表观形貌和结晶性进行了表征。通过单因素实验重点考察了单体用量、引发剂浓度、反应温度和反应时间等对接枝共聚物接枝率的影响。结果表明：以3 g纤维素为原料,当单体与原料质量比为1∶1、引发剂浓度为0.2 mol/L、反应温度30 °C、反应时间75 min时,接枝率最高可达57%。由XRD衍射图谱可知,接枝反应发生在纤维素的无定形区,没有破坏原纤维素的结晶结构。     

尼龙-66与衣康酸的接枝共聚反应

以过硫酸钾／硫酸为引发剂，使尼龙-66纤维与衣康酸进行接枝共聚。研究了尼龙-66纤维接枝率与硫酸浓度、过硫酸钾浓度、衣康酸浓度、反应温度、时间和预处理时间之间的关系。实验结果表明，硫酸浓度为0．5mol／L，反应温度50℃，反应时间40h时，接枝率较高，预处理时间对接枝率也有较大影响。     

高锰酸钾引发魔芋粉/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚合及其增稠性研究

用KMnO4作引发刺对魔芋粉(KGM)与丙烯酰胺(AM)进行了接枝共聚反应．研究了引发剂浓度、接枝单体浓度、体系酸度、反应温度、反应时间以及KGM预氧化时间等条件对接枝效率的影响．结果表明：在适宜的条件下，接枝效率可达90％以上，并且接枝物的水溶性与增稠性得到较大的改善。     

SBS与MMA在超临界CO2介质中的接枝反应

利用超临界CO2作为甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的溶剂和苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)的溶胀剂,通过自由基聚合制备了MMA与SBS的接枝聚合物(SBS-g-MMA)。MMA的接枝率达26.3%。考察了单体浓度、引发剂用量、反应时间以及反应压力等因素对反应的影响。用FT-IR、GPC、DSC以及SEM等分析方法对样品进行了表征,结果表明接枝后产物的相对分子质量明显增大,接枝后产物的玻璃化温度有所上升。     

大豆分离蛋白甲基丙烯酸接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以过硫酸铵为引发剂、2-巯基乙醇为蛋白质变性剂，在浓度为8mol／L尿素溶液中进行了大豆分离蛋白与甲基丙烯酸的接枝共聚反应；傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振谱证明，甲基丙烯酸成功地接枝到了大豆分离蛋白上；相关影响因素的单因数实验研究表明，各因数的最佳值分别为：引发剂浓度16mmol／L，单体浓度2．4mol／L，反应温度80℃，反应时间4h，巯基乙醇浓度0．05mol／L。     

木棉纤维接枝聚苯乙烯吸油材料的制备及性能

以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,制备了木棉纤维接枝聚苯乙烯吸油材料。考察了引发剂浓度、单体浓度、反应温度和反应时间等因素对吸油材料吸油性能的影响。红外光谱表明苯乙烯接枝到了木棉纤维分子骨架上。在引发剂浓度为177 mmol/L、单体浓度为016 mol/L、反应温度80 °C和反应2 h的条件下,吸油材料有最大的吸油倍率,对氯仿和甲苯的吸油倍率分别达到了654 g/g和432 g/g。该吸油材料有快速吸油能力,在15 min可达吸附平衡,同时具有较好的重复利用性能。     

合成低分子量聚丙烯酸钠的新方法

采用水溶液静态聚合法,用平板式反应器合成低分子量聚丙烯酸钠,通过选择合适的分子量调节剂、引发剂用量和聚合温度,可以有效防止爆聚现象发生,且反应周期短,生产成本低。研究了分子量调节剂用量、引发剂用量、单体浓度和反应时间等因素对聚合物粘均分子量的影响,结果表明:当mn-C12SH/mM=0.04,mI/mM=0.04,wM=0.30,温度60°C,反应3 h时,可合成分子量5 000左右的低分子量聚丙烯酸钠,分子量分布较窄,且单体转化率在99%以上。     

甲基丙烯酸在生物相容性微球CPVA表面的引发接枝聚合

交联聚乙烯醇(CPVA)微球表面含有大量的羟基,具有良好的生物相容性。在水溶液体系中利用这些羟基,与铈盐构成氧化还原引发体系,实施了甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的表面引发接枝聚合,制备了接枝微球CPVA-g-PMAA,考察了主要因素对接枝聚合的影响。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对接枝微球进行了表征。结果表明,羟基铈盐氧化还原引发体系可有效地引发MAA在CPVA微球的表面接枝聚合,当铈盐浓度为4.9×10-3 mol/L、硫酸浓度为0.17 mol/L、反应温度为45 °C、单体浓度为0.54 mol/L时,每100 g接枝微球CPVA-g-PMAA可接枝PMAA 30 g。     

铈盐引发丙烯腈在含醇羟基硅胶表面的接枝聚合

将偶联剂γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(EPPS)键合于硅胶微粒表面, 在酸性催化剂作用下, 键合EPPS的环氧键开环, 产生了醇羟基(HXYG), 形成表面带有醇羟基的改性微粒HXYG-SiO2。使用铈盐与硅胶表面的醇羟基构成氧化还原引发体系, 在硅胶表面实施了丙烯腈的接枝聚合,制备了接枝微粒PAN-SiO2,考察了接枝聚合的影响因素。实验结果表明：在所形成的氧化还原引发体系中,由于初级自由基即引发物种处于硅胶微粒表面, 所制备的接枝微粒PAN-SiO2具有高的接枝度(0.19 g/g), 且单体的整体接枝效率高;引发剂铈盐的浓度对接枝度有较大的影响, 铈盐浓度过大, 将会促进氧化终止过程, 降低接枝度, 适宜的铈盐浓度为5.93×10-3 mol/L;接枝度随硫酸浓度的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化规律, 当H+离子浓度为0.38 mol/L时,PAN的接枝度最高。     

丙烯酸-淀粉-高岭土复合耐盐性高吸水树脂的紫外光引发制备与性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、淀粉(CTS)和高岭土(KL)为原料,偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐（AIBA）为引发剂,采用紫外光引发合成了复合耐盐性高吸水树脂。研究了AA中和度,AIBA、CTS、KL的用量和反应时间等对树脂吸液性能的影响,以及溶液pH、盐溶液离子强度对树脂吸液率的影响,并用红外光谱对其进行了表征。在最佳试验条件下合成的树脂,其吸去离子水率和吸生理盐水率（w(NaCl)=0.9%）分别为1 800 g/g和98 g/g。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.