风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者心脏骤停的观察与护理

笔报道21例风湿性心脏瓣膜病患心脏骤停的观察与护理体会。阐述心脏骤停除心脏器质性病变外，还与精神因素及夜间入睡后自主神经不平稳而诱发冠状动脉痉挛有关。认为准确判断、及时抢救是复苏成功的关键；心理护理、健康教育是促进康复的重要措施。     

Neutrophile apoptosis in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease

The purpose of the investigation was to study peculiarities of the functioning of neutrophile granulocytes in chronic rheumatic disease (CRD) complicated by cardiovascular pathology. The subjects of the study were 80 patients with CRD of the heart with valvular defects, accompanied by arterial hypertension (AH) and cardiac arrhythmias: 37 men (mean age 53.6 +/- 9.7 years) and 43 women (mean age 56.2 +/- 9.6 years). The control group consisted of 25 healthy donors. Isolated peripheral blood neutrophiles were cultivated during 6 hours. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production was measured. Functional cell activity was studied by chemoluminiscent assay. The degree of apoptotic readiness was studied by immunocytochemical method, determining bak marker expression on cell membrane surface. In CRD the processes of oxygen-dependent neutrophile metabolism were found to be intensified, which was accompanied by intensified reserve abilities and decreased NO synthesis and apoptotic activity. Functional cell activity in patients with a background of AH was characterized by lowered granulocyte NO production. Intensified production of active oxygen metabolites, observed in paroxysmal cardiac fibrillation, evidences the hyperactivity of the pro-oxidative system, leads to fast myocardial cell membrane lesion and the development of structural changes forming abnormal automatism and trigger activity. Neutrophiles isolated from patients with CRD were in a state of priming, the feature of which was high biocide cell potential. The lowering of apoptotic readiness evidences high mobilization abilities of neutrophiles. The synthesis of NO as one of autoregulation factors is a protective mechanism directed against the cytotoxic activity of phagocytes. The stimulation of granulocyte NO production can lower the oxidative stress intensity and leukocyte aggression and stabilize the course of the disease.     

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions in patients with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease

Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell function was assessed in 30 children with active rheumatic fever (ARF) (Group I), 30 cases with active rheumatic heart disease (RHD) (Group II), 28 cases of ARF and RHD in remission (Group III) and 34 adults with quiescent RHD along with their age matched controls. All the groups showed normal spontaneous and chemotactic movement. Phagocytosis of yeast particles was significantly reduced in groups II (P less than 0.0005), III (P less than 0.025) and IV (P less than 0.005). The opsonic activity of disease sera was low in all 4 groups (P less than 0.0005). The intracellular metabolic activity was moderately elevated in Group III. Phagocytosis and opsonic activity were thus persistently low in all the groups including the remission and quiescent group.     

重症风湿性心脏病合并心脏恶液质的外科治疗

目的探讨并总结重症风湿性心脏病合并心脏恶病质患者围术期处理经验和特点,提高外科治疗的成功率。方法回顾性分析近5年54例心脏恶液质瓣膜患者的围手术期治疗。结果二尖瓣置换术17例,主动脉瓣及二尖瓣置换术35例,主动脉瓣、二尖瓣及三尖瓣置换术2例,同时行三尖瓣成形术52例,术后早期死亡4例（7．4％）。结论充分的术前准备、围术期营养支持,正确地选择好手术时机,加强术中处理,积极治疗术后并发症是提高手术疗效的关键。     

风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后早期生存质量

目的探讨风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后患者早期生存质量及其影响因素。方法对2010年10月至2011年5月间实施心脏瓣膜置换术的135例患者,使用SF-36健康量表进行术前、术后生存质量的评估,根据SF-36得分高低,以中位数为界,将全组病例划分为高分组69例及低分组66例,使用Logistic回归分析影响患者术后评分高低的因素。结果 (1)所有患者术后生存质量评分均明显高于术前(P<0.05,P<0.01);(2)尽管女性患者术前所有维度评分均低于男性患者(P<0.05,P<0.01),但术后6个月仅在躯体疼痛及心理健康2个维度与男性患者相比差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.01);(3)Logistic回归分析结果显示,术后住院时间及总住院时间分别影响患者术后躯体健康评分(PCS)及心理健康评分(MCS),呈负相关(OR=0.804,P=0.041;OR=0.882,P=0.023),而文化程度则与术后PCS及MCS评分呈正相关(OR=11.624,P=0.008;OR=8.700,P=0.011)。结论风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者行心脏瓣膜置换术可明显提高患者生存质量,但生存质量改善程度受文化程度高低、住院时间长短的影响,因此,加强对患者围术期健康教育、术后早期进行康复锻炼、缩短住院时间,有助于进一步提高患者术后生存质量。     

风湿性心脏病患者栓塞危险因素的探讨

目的　探讨风湿性心脏病 (RHD)患者栓塞发生率及栓塞的危险因素。方法　统计了我院 14 6例RHD患者的栓塞发生率。发生栓塞者 34例及无栓塞者 112例 ,根据有无栓塞进行单因素分析 ,最后用Logistic回归分析RHD发生栓塞的危险因素。结果　自然病程 (未换瓣 )的RHD患者栓塞发生率为 2 5 .6 % ,伴心房纤颤 (Af)栓塞发生率是 30 .4 % ,窦性心律者栓塞发生率是 9.7%。栓塞组年龄、左房内径 ,伴发Af比例较无栓塞组高 (P <0 .0 1～0 .0 5 )。Logistic回归分析显示高龄、左房内径大是栓塞的独立危险因素 (P <0 .0 5 )。接受换瓣手术和抗凝治疗是栓塞的保护因素 (OR =0 .0 3)。结论　RHD患者应给予抗凝治疗。     

风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术126例术后康复护理

目的:探讨风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者术后康复护理方法及效果.方法:将252例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各126例.对照组实施术后常规护理;观察组在对照组基础上加强术后康复护理干预,为患者制订详细的康复护理方案,进行心理康复护理、康复锻炼指导、心理康复护理.结果:观察组患者接受护理后食欲、睡眠、疲乏、自理能力、运动状况显著优于对照组,且对护理的满意度更高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:对风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术患者在常规护理基础上加强术后康复护理干预可促进患者康复,并提高其对护理的满意度.