垂体腺瘤手术前后内分泌激素测定的临床应用

目的 探讨垂体腺瘤手术对垂体内分泌激素的影响;手术前后激素水平的动态监测对评估肿瘤手术切除程度及对临床综合治疗的指导意义.方法 应用放射免疫法对2000年-2007年在我院接受手术且术后病理证实为垂体腺瘤患者153例手术前后的垂体激素水平进行动态监测. 结果术后3天内PRL和GH的下降与肿瘤的切除程度呈明显的相关性,行全切手术的病例术后1天血清PRL和GH均明显下降,与术前比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),行次全切除病例术后1天血清PRL和GH值与术前比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).术后3天至3个月的动态检测发现,激素水平无明显变化,故可以用术后3天内的垂体激素水平反映手术疗效.结论 手术治疗可以明显改善垂体腺瘤患者术前高激素水平状态,手术治疗有着肯定的治疗价值;垂体激素水平的动态监测可以作为评估肿瘤手术切除程度,肿瘤复发的重要指标,对垂体瘤的综合治疗有着重要的临床意义.     

伽玛刀分次治疗垂体泌乳素大腺瘤和巨腺瘤的近期疗效观察

目的　探讨伽玛刀分次治疗垂体泌乳素大腺瘤和巨腺瘤的近期疗效。方法　分别对 2 2例和 11例垂体泌乳素大腺瘤及巨腺瘤患者进行分次伽玛刀治疗及单次治疗 ,观察其治疗前后的临床症状、血清泌乳素 (PRL)水平、肿瘤体积等 ,分析伽玛刀分次治疗垂体泌乳素大腺瘤和巨腺瘤的近期疗效。结果　 2种方法治疗前后瘤体都有所缩小 ,PRL水平下降 ,分次治疗总有效率为 86 4% ,单次治疗总有效率为 45 5 % ,分次治疗对PRL水平的恢复明显优于单次治疗 (P <0 0 1) ;而对肿瘤大小的影响无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　伽玛刀分次治疗垂体沁乳素大腺瘤和巨腺瘤是安全有效的治疗方法 ,其近期疗效明显优于伽玛刀单次治疗     

垂体泌乳素腺瘤手术前后内分泌检测及疗效分析

目的探讨垂体泌乳素患者手术前后血清内分泌水平的改变及其对手术疗效的判定。方法回顾性分析35例泌乳素性垂体腺瘤病人手术前后各阶段垂体内分泌激素的改变,以判断手术疗效及预后。手术前后均采用放射免疫方法检测血清PRL。用配对资料t检验进行数据统计分析。结果本组35例病人术后垂体内分泌激素水平均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),全切组较未全切组激素水平下降明显(P<0.05)。在术后1年中本组病例经随访复查,全切组1例复发,次全切组3例复发。复发病人垂体激素水平升高早于影像学改变。结论手术治疗垂体腺瘤疗效确切,可以明显改善内分泌激素水平,内分泌激素水平的变化也可以评价手术疗效及预测肿瘤复发。     

血清PRL水平及肿瘤体积对垂体泌乳素瘤疗效的影响

目的：观察血清泌乳素（prolactin,PRL)水平及瘤体MRI测量对垂体泌乳素瘤（prolactionoma)诊治的价值。方法：回顾分析32例垂体泌乳素瘤的诊断与治疗。全部病例均在初诊和治疗6个月后标记免疫法测定血清PRL水平,并同时做MRI垂体扫描。记录测量值并作统计学处理。结果：（1）内科治疗6个月后血清泌乳素下降至正常有29例,占90．6％,垂体MRI显示瘤体体积缩小21例,占65．6％,（2）大腺瘤患者及血PRL水平大于100ng/L患者疗效较好。结论：血清泌乳素水平测定及MRI垂体扫描均可作为垂体瘤临床疗效判断的观察指标,MRI垂体扫描同时可作为诊断定位指标。     

垂体腺瘤MRI诊断与单鼻孔经蝶窦入路切除

目的探讨垂体MRI动态增强扫描对垂体微腺瘤的诊断作用及显微镜辅助单鼻孔-经蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤的优点和适应症。方法对怀疑垂体腺瘤的334例患者先行常规MRI平扫,对未见垂体腺瘤的患者再行垂体MRI动态增强扫描。垂体腺瘤手术的患者,全部采用显微神经外科技术经经单鼻孔-蝶入路切除垂体腺瘤。结果334例患者经MR平扫或垂体MRI动态增强扫描后,发现垂体腺瘤326人。其中,MRI常规平扫后发现垂体腺瘤297人,MRI常规平扫后未发现垂体腺瘤的37人经垂体MRI动态增强扫描发现垂体微腺瘤29人。发现垂体腺瘤的326人中,手术316例。手术患者中,252例近全切除,50例大部切除。无手术死亡,术后16例脑脊液鼻漏行腰大池引流治愈,余无手术并发症。结论MRI平扫结合MRI动态增强扫描诊断与单鼻孔-经蝶窦入路切除肿瘤的方法相结合,可取得垂体腺瘤良好的治疗效果。     

Fischer 344大鼠泌乳素腺瘤动物模型的建立

目的建立Fischer344（F344）大鼠泌乳素腺瘤动物模型。方法采用F344雌性大鼠,行腹腔注射苯甲酸雌二醇或无菌生理盐水,用药50d后行MRI扫描,观察大鼠生存状态,检测垂体重量、血清泌乳素（PRL）水平、病理与PRL免疫组织化学检测变化。结果应用苯甲酸雌二醇50d后,大鼠体重增长受抑,垂体重量与PRL水平显著升高,病理检查可见垂体肿瘤形成且PRL染色阳性,MRI可见肿瘤,成瘤率达100%。结论利用F344大鼠建立的垂体瘤动物模型,成瘤周期短,简单易行,稳定可靠,符合泌乳素腺瘤的生物学特性。     

801例垂体泌乳素检测结果分析

目的 了解单纯性溢乳、闭经溢乳综合症和月经紊乱等患者血清中垂体泌乳素(PRL)水平及高泌乳素血症比例,从而有效预防和治疗高泌乳素血症,控制垂体病变的发生.方法 采用放射免疫分析方法检测患者血清中垂体泌乳素水平.结果 单纯性溢乳症患者血中高泌乳素血症占16.20%,闭经溢乳综合症患者血中高泌乳素血症占50.65%,月经紊乱、闭经等患者血中高泌乳素血症占10.48%.结论 对PRL水平增高的患者,应定期监测PRL水平,根据PRL水平找到最佳溴隐亭治疗量,观察治疗效果,防止垂体病变.     

垂体泌乳素腺瘤手术前后内分泌检测结果的对比研究

目的对比研究垂体泌乳素腺瘤手术前后内分泌检测结果。方法统计分析2012年3月至2014年3月该院收治的48例接受垂体泌乳素腺瘤手术患者的临床资料。结果所有患者手术过程中均不需要输血。单鼻孔入路经蝶显微手术时间1.0~2.5h,平均(1.5±0.3)h;经颅手术时间1.6~3.0h,平均(2.5±0.1)h;手术后1d,1、3、6个月患者的雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)水平均明显高于手术前(P0.05),血清泌乳素(PRL)水平均明显低于手术前(P0.05);手术后1个月患者的促卵泡素(FSH)水平均明显高于手术前(P0.05),但手术前和手术后1d,3、6个月患者的FSH水平之间的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在垂体泌乳素腺瘤的治疗中,显微手术切除肿瘤能够有效改善患者的内分泌各项指标,且安全便捷,可以作为临床上主要治疗方法。临床还应该在手术前后对患者的内分泌各项指标进行认真的检测,将其检测值的变化充分利用起来,从而为对患者的治疗取得更好的效果、将患者的复发率降低到最低提供良好的前提条件。     

巨型垂体泌乳素腺瘤手术全切除及手术与γ-刀联合治疗疗效对比分析

目的:探讨巨型垂体泌乳素腺瘤合理有效的治疗方式。方法:采用手术全切除及手术与γ-刀联合治疗160例巨型垂体泌乳素腺瘤,并对其疗效进行对比分析。结果:联合治疗组较手术全切除组患者复发率低,且术后并发症少而轻。结论:手术与γ-刀联合治疗为巨型垂体泌乳素腺瘤更有效的治疗方法。     

经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微切除垂体泌乳素腺瘤

目的 探讨经蝶窦显微手术对垂体泌乳素腺瘤的治疗意义.方法 对我院经蝶窦显微手术治疗垂体泌乳素腺瘤12例病人进行总结.结果 肿瘤全切除11例,次全切1例.无死亡及病残发生,泌乳素全部恢复正常.结论 对于垂体泌乳素腺瘤,由于神经外科显微技术的进步,经蝶垂体瘤手术目前成为神经外科疗效确切、安全的治疗方法之一.而微腺瘤,也采取积极的手术治疗,极大部分病人激素能恢复正常.     

Prolactin dynamics and tumour size in the prediction of surgical outcome for prolactinoma

Each of 62 females were studied for a period of between two and 72 months (mean 36 months) following the removal of a prolactinoma by transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Our aims were to define the relationships between pre- and post-operative features, the operative findings and the functional outcome. Pre-operative serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations correlated with tumour diameter (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). Following surgery two groups of patients were identified: Group 1, 46 spontaneously and regularly menstruating patients and Group 2, 16 patients with persistent amenorrhoea. The patients in Group 1 had significantly lower pre-operative and post-operative serum (PRL) concentrations (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively) and significantly greater PRL responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and metoclopramide stimulation after surgery (p less than 0.001). There was not a significant difference in tumour size between the groups. Forty-four (96 per cent) of the patients in Group 1 had normal post-operative serum PRL concentrations within one week of surgery. By comparison (p less than 0.001) only 42 and 20 per cent respectively of Group 1 patients who were tested had normal TRH and metoclopramide evoked PRL secretion following surgery. Return of regular menstruation was associated with cessation of galactorrhoea in 44 patients (96 per cent) and ovulation occurred in 37 of 38 menstruating patients for whom data are available. All patients with normal TRH and metoclopramide stimulation tests menstruated spontaneously. Nevertheless most patients who menstruated did so in spite of retaining suppressed PRL responses. Of 46 patients followed to date whose serum PRL was normal one week after surgery, seven later were found to have an elevation of serum PRL outside the normal range but in only two has this been persistent. We suggest that a single measurement of serum PRL one week following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for prolactinoma provides a good basis for deciding about the future management of patients who desire menstruation and pregnancy.     

Prolactin Dynamics and Tumour Size in the Prediction of Surgical Outcome for Prolactinoma

Each of 62 females were studied for a period of between twoand 72 months ( mean 36 months) following the removal of a prolactinomaby transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Our aims were to definethe relationships between pre- and post-operative features,the operative findings and the functional outcome. Pre-operativeserum prolactin (PRL) concentrations correlated with tumourdiameter (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Following surgery two groupsof patients were identified: Group 1, 46 spontaneously and regularlymenstruating patients and Group 2, 16 patients with persistentamenorrhoea. The patients in Group 1 had significantly lowerpre-operative and postoperative serum (PRL) concentrations (p< 0.02 and p < 0.001 respectively) and significantly greaterPRL responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and metoclopramidestimulation after surgery (p < 0.001). There was not a significantdifference in tumour size between the groups. Forty-four (96per cent) of the patients in Group 1 had normal post-operativeserum PRL concentrations within one week of surgery. By comparison(p < 0.001) only 42 and 20 per cent respectively of Group1 patients who were tested had normal TRH and metoclopramideevoked PRL secretion following surgery. Return of regular menstruationwas associated with cessation of galactorrhoea in 44 patients(96 per cent) and ovulation occurred in 37 of 38 menstruatingpatients for whom data are available. All patients with normalTRH and metoclopramide stimulation tests menstruated spontaneously.Nevertheless most patients who menstruated did so in spite ofretaining suppressed PRL responses. Of 46 patients followedto date whose serum PRL was normal one week after surgery, sevenlater were found to have an elevation of serum PRL outside thenormal range but in only two has this been persistent. We suggestthat a single measurement of serum PRL one week following transsphenoidalpituitary surgery for prolactinoma provides a good basis fordeciding about the future management of patients who desiremenstruation and pregnancy.     

Serum levels of prolactin, growth hormone, and cortisol in burn patients: correlations with severity of burn, serum cytokine levels, and fatality

In this study, we measured serum prolactin (PRL), cortisol, growth hormone, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients admitted with small-to-moderate burn injuries. Serum samples were obtained at the time of admission from 49 adult male burn patients with ages ranging from 18 to 91 years and TBSA ranging from 0.001 to 60%. The levels of serum PRL, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1beta correlated positively with the TBSA, whereas only serum IL-8 levels correlated positively with fatality. Each of these factors were increased at least 2-fold at the higher burn severity. Not surprisingly, there was a large degree of variability in the hormone and cytokine levels in this patient population, which presumably reflects individual levels of stress, as well as other physiological variables. We also studied relationships between serum hormone levels and serum cytokine levels in this context. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the serum PRL level and the levels of IL-10, IL-6, and IL-8. These results indicate that PRL responds to burn injury at early time points and that a subset of cytokines are involved in the early response to burn injury.     

髋关节置换术老年患者血清IL-6水平与术后早期认知功能障碍的关系

目的研究髋关节置换术老年患者血清白介素-6（IL一6）水平与术后早期认知功能障碍的关系。方法33例择期髋关节置换术老年患者分全麻组（G组，静吸复合全麻）和腰硬组（E组，腰硬联合麻醉）。患者均未麻醉前用药，术中收缩压的变化维持在基础值±25％之内，SpO2≥95％。术后采用0.001％芬太尼（2ml／h）静脉48h镇痛。评估患者麻醉前，术后3、6h，1d和3d的MMSE评分。分别在麻醉前、术后3、6h采集右颈内静脉血检测血清IL-6水平。结果老年患者术后3、6h，1d的MMSE评分较麻醉前明显降低（P〈0．01），术后3d基本恢复正常。G组术后3h点POCD发生率明显高于E组（67％ vs 22％，P〈0．05），术后6h、1d点POCD发生率与E组相似（27％ VS 17％、20％ vs 11％，P〉0．05）。两组术后3、6h点IL-6水平均较麻醉前明显升高（P〈0．01），G组明显高于E组（P〈0．01），且14例POCD患者IL-67水平明昂高于无POCD者（P〈0．01）。结论髋关节置换术老年患者行伞麻后早期POCD的发牛率较高可能与IL-6的升高有关。     

精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素水平与性相关精神症状对照研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素水平与性相关精神症状的关系。方法对297例精神分裂症患者（病例组）于治疗前及治疗第3周末,60例健康体检者（对照组）体检时,采用放射免疫法分别检测血清泌乳素水平,并进行对比分析;同时调查患者性有关精神症状,并与血清泌乳素检测结果进行相关分析。结果病例组治疗第3周末男女性血清泌乳素水平均显著高于治疗前（P〈0．01）;病例组无论是男性还是女性,治疗前血清泌乳素水平与对照组均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,治疗第3周末均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。病例组患者无论男性还是女性,治疗前患者的性有关精神症状累计积分与其血清泌乳素水平似呈正相关,治疗后似呈负相关,但均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论精神分裂症患者的血清泌乳素水平有不同程度的升高,与性有关精神症状无关,而与传统抗精神病药物的应用有关。     

血清肾上腺髓质素前体在闭合性小肠破裂患者预后评估中的作用

目的 通过动态监测闭合性小肠破裂患者血清肾上腺髓质素前体(pro-adrenomedullin,pro-ADM)水平,探讨此类患者术前血清pro-ADM水平与术后继发腹腔感染之间的关系;以及术后血清pro-ADM水平对其术后腹腔感染严重程度的评估价值.方法 选取安徽医科大学第二附属医院急诊外科2014年6月至2015年5月收治的85例闭合性小肠破裂患者;并依据患者术后是否发生腹腔感染,分感染组及无感染组;感染组依据其感染严重程度分为SIRS,脓毒症,严重脓毒症,脓毒症休克四组.分别于患者入院时及患者术后第1、3、5天检测血清pro-ADM、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平并行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分.比较患者入院时各组指标之间的差异性及相关性,并通过对各指标预测患者术后发生腹腔感染进行ROC曲线阈值分析,比较各指标对此类患者术后发生腹腔感染预测价值.并对术后血清pro-ADM水平及APACHEⅡ评分结果进行相关性分析,比较两者对患者术后腹腔感染严重程度的评估价值.结果 入院时及术后感染组血清pro-ADM (P=0.03,P＜0.01)、IL-6 (P =0.02,P＜0.01)水平及APACHEⅡ评分(均P＜0.01)显著高于无感染组(P＜0.05);感染组术后血清pro-ADM水平及APACHEⅡ评分随感染严重程度增加而升高(r=0.924),且各组之间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而各组IL-6及CRP水平差异无统计学意义.结论 (1)闭合性小肠破裂患者术前血清pro-ADM水平对预测患者术后继发腹腔感染有一定的预测价值.(2)患者术后血清pro-ADM水平对患者术后腹腔感染严重程度有一定的评估作用.     

腹腔镜下妊娠病灶切除术对Ⅱ、Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠患者术后康复效果及卵巢内分泌功能的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜下妊娠病灶切除术对Ⅱ、Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)患者术后康复效果及卵巢内分泌功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析2019年3月至2021年2月就诊于我院的70例Ⅱ、Ⅲ型CSP患者的临床资料,根据不同治疗方式将其分为A组(n=35,腹腔镜下妊娠病灶切除术)与B组[n=35,双侧子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)联合清...     

食道癌术后早期应用肠内营养的临床观察和护理

目的探讨食道癌手术后早期肠内营养支持的效果。方法食道癌术后早期经术中放置的十二指肠营养管应用能全力进行早期肠内营养,观察营养指标及肠内营养并发症。结果 82例患者实施早期肠内营养后,体质量、血红蛋白、血清蛋白、总蛋白术后7d与术前无明显差异,肠内营养期间无严重并发症。结论食道癌术后早期肠内营养支持是一种安全,有效的方法,无严重并发症,有利于患者术后功能的恢复。     

观察血清应激指标变化探讨建立新的PTCA专业护理模式

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)前后冠心病患者血清应激指标水平变化以探讨建立新的PTCA专业护理模式。方法:将研究对象设置为健康人组45例、非手术组46例和手术组50例。血清皮质醇(Cor)、垂体泌乳素(PRL)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)均采用RIA法;过氧化脂质(LPO)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)测定分别采用自动生化分析法。结果:(1)应激性激素变化,非手术组患者Cor和TSH水平显著高于健康人组(P<0.01),PRL水平略有升高,但统计差异不显著(P>0.05);手术组术前三项激素水平均显著高于健康人组和非手术组(P<0.01);手术组术后三项激素水平均显著高于健康人组、非手术组及手术组术前(P<0.01)。(2)氧化应激指标变化,非手术组及手术组术前SOD和GPX两项抗氧化酶水平均显著低于健康人组(P<0.01),LPO水平显著高于健康人组(P<0.01);手术组术后SOD和GPX水平明显回升均高于非手术组和手术组术前(P<0.01),但仍明显低于健康人组(P<0.01),LPO水平也明显恢复几近健康人组水平(P<0.01),但低于非手术组及手术组术前(P<0.01)。结论:本文指标的测定为患者应激的存在提供了重要的实验室依据,对于建立新的PTCA专业护理模式有重要临床意义。