64层螺旋CT血管成像评价心脏静脉

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)评价心脏静脉的可行性。材料和方法:筛选行冠状动脉CTA检查并经影像学和临床其他检查最终证实为无冠状动脉疾病及心肌病患者24例(男15例,女9例;平均年龄53．5岁),将其冠状动脉CTA图像数据进行最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)和容积再现(VR)等图像后处理,采用血管分析测量冠状窦、心大静脉、心中静脉、侧静脉和后静脉近端直径,心中静脉、侧静脉、后静脉及从冠状窦口至心大静脉肉眼可辨别的最远端管腔中心线的长度,对冠状静脉血管图像质量进行评分(0～3分),并测定心脏静脉的对比噪声比(CNR)。结果:冠状窦、心大静脉、心中静脉、侧静脉和后静脉的近端直径分别为9．3±2mm、6．8±2．2mm、4．9±1．1mm、3．6±0．9mm、2．5±0．8mm,冠状窦近端上下径明显大于前后径(P<0．05),横截面积为71．4±29．2mm2,冠状窦瓣显示率75％。心脏静脉CT冠状动脉成像重建图像表现为较好的图像质量和较高的对比噪声比。结论:64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(CTA)在评价冠状动脉的同时可以评价心脏静脉系统。     

十六层螺旋CT颈颅血管成像操作技术

16层螺旋CT的问世，能够轻松实现薄层、快速、大范围的扫描，先进后处理软件的支持，为CT血管成像的临床使用创造了更好的条件。现在CT血管造影（CTA）已被用来检查身体各个部位的血管病变，笔者将我院用16层螺旋CT进行颈、颅动脉血管造影检查获得的操作经验介绍如下。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像肾动脉变异分析

目的 应用64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)技术观察肾动脉变异的特点.资料与方法 将116例存在肾动脉变异患者原始数据传至Vitrea 4.1后处理工作站通过血管探针技术(VP)和容积再现(VR)进行图像重组,并结合原始图像分析肾动脉变异的特征.结果 116例患者共发现肾动脉变异182支,起源于T12～L5椎体范围,其中L1-2范围160支,占87.9%(160/182);腹主动脉起源者97支(其中起源于前壁12支,后壁3支,侧壁82支),占53.3%(97/182),肾动脉早发分支85支,占46.7%(85/182);肾上端入肾者75支,肾门入肾者64支,肾下端入肾者43支;Ⅰ型肾动脉变异肾脏118只,占78.67%(118/150),Ⅱ型肾动脉变异肾脏32只,占21.33%(32/150);变异侧肾动脉伴发肾脏及肾动脉病变共60例,伴发高血压36例.结论 肾动脉变异表现形式多样,64层螺旋CTA可直观、准确地显示变异肾动脉的起源、数目、大小、分支样式、走行及其与肾动脉、腹主动脉、椎体的关系,在指导肾脏、泌尿系手术方面有重要临床价值.     

64层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像扫描浅析

目的探讨下肢动脉多排螺旋CT增强成像（CTA）的方法和技巧。方法使用东芝Aquillion64层螺旋CT扫描机,扫描层厚0.5～1mm,螺距12.7,间隔0mm,应用Smooth功能对92例患者进行下肢动脉CT血管造影。结果本组90例（98%）获得了满意的图像,经工作站重建后,能够清楚显示下肢动脉正常解剖分支和病变部位、范围及重要的侧支循环路径。其中40例经数字减影血管造影（DSA）或手术对比证实,CTA显示病变的准确性是98%。结论 CTA准确显示下肢动脉及其分支,高质量的图像依赖于注药后把握扫描时机的准确性、扫描参数设置的合理性,操作者的技巧和熟练程度,其中注入造影剂的流速与总量的合理配比是CTA成功的关键。     

64层螺旋CT血管造影在诊断颈部血管性病变中的临床价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像在诊断颈部血管病变中的临床应用价值。方法对98例临床疑诊颈部血管病变患者行64层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）检查,对所有扫描图像首先行血管剪影,然后进行容积再现（VR）、多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）等后处理。结果MSCTA证实,98例患者中48例有颈部血管病变,其中,动静脉瘘6例,动脉瘤3例,大动脉炎4例,鼻咽纤维血管瘤4例以及椎动脉或颈动脉（颅外段）狭窄31例。结论64层螺旋CT颈部血管成像技术可以无创地诊断颈部血管病,并为制定精确的手术方案提供可靠依据。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像

导管法冠状动脉血管造影自应用于临床以来一直是诊断冠状动脉疾病的金标准，但其检查费用高，而且有一定的危险性，报道其病死率为0.15％，并发症率为1．5％。磁共振血管造影(magnetic resonance angiography，MRA)仅在发现冠状动脉近段5cm的病变中具有较高的敏感性和特异性，在中远节段仍不足以做出肯定诊断。多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral computed tomography，MSCT)不仅能准确发现、量化冠状动脉的钙化斑块，而且能发现导致急性冠状动脉综合征的软斑块。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像技术

冠状动脉硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)已成为人类致死率最高的疾病之一，美国每年有150万新发病例，约50万人致死。最新资料表明，40％的死因是冠心病。因此对冠心病病人的诊断和术后康复程度的评估是十分重要的。目前对冠状动脉血管疾病的诊断的“金标准”是冠状动脉造影，它具有最好的时间分辨力和空间分辨率。但传统冠状动脉造影     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像技术的临床应用

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（简称冠心病）是一种常见病、多发病。常规冠脉造影是一种有创检查，费用高，很多患者难以接受。多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像（冠脉CAG）技术，尤其是64层螺旋CT采用多排探测器及锥形X线束，可实现亚秒级扫描，时间分辨率和空间分辨率明显提高，且真正实现了各向同性，     

颈动脉螺旋CT血管成像技术

螺旋CT血管造影（spiral CT angiography，CTA）是继核磁共振和多普勒超声后又一种诊断血管性疾病的无创性检查方法。CTA对颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值在临床上已得到肯定。虽然多层螺旋CT对颈动脉疾病的诊断更为快捷、准确，但目前国内多层螺旋CT并未普及，因此本文就单层螺旋CT用于颈动脉血管成像的一些经验进行总结，为准备开展多层螺旋CTA作前期准备。     

多层螺旋CT的容积重建技术在胸廓骨折诊断中的应用

目的 评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）的容积重建（VR）技术在诊断胸廓骨折中的价值.方法 对350例胸部外伤病例作MSCT扫描,从中随机抽取80例作VR成像与普通X线平片进行回顾性分析,比较两种检查方法在胸廓骨折诊断中的实效性、敏感度及准确度.结果MSCT的VR技术诊断肋骨骨折、胸椎横突骨折、胸骨骨折以及胸锁关节脱位与半脱位的实效性、敏感度和准确度均显著高于普通X线平片（P＜0.01）.结论 MSCT的VR技术是诊断胸廓骨折的最佳方法.     

64层螺旋CT后处理重建技术在梗阻性黄疸中的临床应用

目的探讨64层螺旋CT后处理重建技术在梗阻性黄疸诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析43例由手术病理证实的梗阻性黄疸患者的影像资料,包括螺旋CT常规扫描、MPR及CPR技术重建图像对梗阻部位及性质进行分析,并与手术、病理对照。结果 43例梗阻性黄疸中,胆总管结石25例,胆管癌12例,胰腺癌2例,胆总管炎性狭窄4例。CT常规扫描结合MPR、CPR图像诊断准确率为90%,良、恶性梗阻的鉴别诊断准确率为93%。结论多层螺旋CT常规扫描图像结合MPR和CPR图像后处理技术,能直观立体地显示胆道梗阻的部位和程度,直观地显示病变的范围及其与临近结构的关系,对胆道系统梗阻的定位、定性具有较高的诊断价值。     

64层螺旋CT在诊断输尿管病变中的应用价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在输尿管病变中的应用价值。方法回顾分析经手术、病理证实的28例输尿管病变。所有病例均用64层螺旋CT进行平扫和双期增强扫描及延迟扫描，进行曲面重建（CPR）、多平面重组（MPR）、容积重建（VR）。结果28例输尿管病变中，输尿管肿瘤15例，炎性病变6例，结石2例，先天畸形2例，输尿管外病变3例。结论64层螺旋CT扫描及三维重建在输尿管病变诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

Appearances of pulmonary focal lesions at 0.5-mm slice thickness computed tomography: comparison with 1-mm slice thickness computed tomography

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the validity of 0.5-mm thin-section computed tomography (CT) for the assessment of pulmonary nodular lesion in comparison with 1-mm CT.Materials and MethodsA total of 38 focal lesions from 30 patients, which were scanned with 0.5- and 1.0-mm collimation, were evaluated regarding the extent of ground-glass opacity (GGO) and well-defined margin, and the presence of pleural indentation, spicula, and internal air density. The frequency of each finding was statistically compared between 0.5- and 1-mm CT using the McNemar test.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was observed between 0.5- and 1-mm CT for each finding.ConclusionThe use of 0.5-mm CT is not justified if the original collimation of multi-detector row CT is near 1 mm.     

CT techniques for imaging the lung: recommendations for multislice and single slice computed tomography

The introduction of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has provided the thoracic radiologist with a powerful tool with which to image the lungs. Enthusiasm for new protocols should be tempered with concerns over the potential increase in radiation dose, and before older protocols are abandoned there should be good evidence that newer protocols are objectively superior. Ultimately, the best protocol is one that provides the most relevant clinical information at the lowest dose possible.     

Multidetector-row computed tomography with three-dimensional volume rendering of pancreatic cancer: a complete preoperative staging tool using computed tomography angiography and volume-rendered cholangiopancreatography

Volume rendering, a postprocessing computer algorithm that creates three-dimensional (3D) displays from computed tomography (CT) datasets, can create 3D cholangiographic images (volume-rendered cholangiopancreatography, or VRCP) from intravenous contrast-enhanced abdominal CT datasets without the use of a biliary contrast agent. This article illustrates the utility of VRCP in the setting of biliary obstruction due to pancreatic cancer. The 3D renderings of the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree provide valuable information for planning biliary drainage, including the location and length of the obstruction as well as the relationship of intrahepatic ducts to liver metastases.     

Evaluation of the hepatic artery in potential donors for living donor liver transplantation by computed tomography angiography using multidetector-row computed tomography: comparison of volume rendering and maximum intensity projection techniques

PURPOSE: To compare the volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) computed tomography angiography (CTA) techniques using multidetector-row CT for hepatic artery evaluation of potential donors for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHOD: Over a 9-month period, CTA using multidetector-row CT and conventional angiography was performed in 62 consecutive potential donors for LDLT. Acquisition of arterial phase scans was initiated within 5 seconds after reaching enhancement of the descending aorta up to 70 HU as measured by a bolus-tracking technique (collimation = 1.25 mm, table speed = 7.5 mm, reconstruction interval = 0.625 mm). Postprocessing was performed on a commercially available workstation. Computed tomography angiography images of the hepatic artery were made using the VR and MIP techniques. A total of 10 to 30 images of various planes were generated to reveal the origins and branching patterns of hepatic arteries. With a 2-week interval, two reviewers separately evaluated CTA using VR and MIP techniques, specifically evaluating anatomic variations and hepatic arterial conspicuity. The results of conventional angiography were considered to represent the gold standard. The difference in postprocessing time between the two techniques was statistically analyzed by the Student t test, and the differences in arterial conspicuity and in the identified number of the hepatic artery to segment IV of the liver were analyzed by the chi2 test. RESULTS: Two CT examinations (3%) were technically inadequate for generating CTA because of respiratory motion artifact. The average times for postprocessing of VR and MIP images were 8.1 +/- 3.8 minutes and 5.0 +/- 0.7 minutes, respectively. Variations of hepatic arterial anatomy were present in 19 patients (32%) on conventional angiography. In 8 patients (13%), there was discrepancy in the variations of hepatic arterial anatomy between the two techniques: MIP was correct in 7 patients, and VR was correct in 1 patient. The dominant artery supplying segment IV was identified in 51 patients (85%) with MIP and in 39 patients (65%) with VR. There was no significant difference in conspicuity of the hepatic arteries using either the MIP or VR technique. CONCLUSION: In CTA techniques using multidetector-row CT, MIP is superior to VR for the hepatic arterial evaluation of potential LDLT donors in terms of depicting anatomic variations and postprocessing time.     

Multislice computed tomography of pneumoparotid: a case report

Pneumoparotid is a rare cause of parotid gland swelling that is often misdiagnosed and therefore incorrectly treated. It is the result of an increase in intraoral pressure and the subsequent forced entry of air through Stensen's duct. We report a case of a 15-year-old boy with a history of recurrent swelling of both parotid glands. The final diagnosis of pneumoparotid was established by multislice computed tomography (CT). The clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and radiographic findings are discussed.     

Role of computed tomography (CT) in identifying foreign body ingestion in an individual with autism – A case report

Foreign body ingestions are quite common and most often will uneventfully pass in stool, however, some ingestions, can lead to complications such as obstruction. If left untreated, this can lead to perforation and fistula formation. Hence, threshold for intervention should be low and diagnostic imaging can assist with treatment decisions. We present to you a case of 17-year-old male with non-verbal autism with an unusual hollow foreign body ingestion leading to small bowel obstruction.