后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻疗效观察

[目的]探讨后腹腔镜下肾盂成形本治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的疗效及技术要点.[方法]本院43例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的患者,其中24例采用后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗,19例行开放性肾盂成形术治疗,比较两组的疗效.[结果]后腹腔镜组术中出血量,术后止痛药用量,术后住院时间均小于开放组(P＜0.05),两组术后各有1例尿漏.术后随访并发症和肾积水改善两组比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗UPJO安全、有效,较开放手术途径创伤小,术后恢复快.     

Recurrent Severe Abdominal Pain in the Pediatric Patient

Background

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a blockage occurring at the junction of the ureter and the renal pelvis. Pediatric patients with UPJO pose a diagnostic challenge when they present to the emergency department (ED) with severe recurrent abdominal pain if there is not a level of suspicion for this condition.

Objectives

Our aim was to review presentation of UPJO to the ED, methods of diagnosis, and treatment of this common but often overlooked condition.

Case Report

We report on 2 patients, a 9-year-old and 3-year-old, who had multiple presentations to health care providers and the ED with intermittent and recurrent abdominal pain. Subsequent testing, including ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) with diuretic-recreated symptoms, revealed UPJO. Open pyeloplasty was performed, resulting in complete resolution of symptoms.

Conclusions

UPJO is an important diagnosis to consider when patients present to the ED with recurrent abdominal pain. US can be helpful in suspecting the diagnosis, but often CT, magnetic resonance urography, or diuretic scintigraphy is required for confirmation. Diuretics can be used to aid diagnostic testing by reproducing abdominal pain at the time of imaging. Referral to a urologist for open pyeloplasty is definitive treatment for this condition.     

Radical retropubic vs. radical perineal prostatectomy: a comparison of relative benefits in four urban hospitals

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oncological and functional outcome of retropubic and perineal approaches to radical prostatectomy. METHOD: Data from 1,304 patients who underwent either radical retropubic (RRP) or radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) over a 12-year period were compared. Variables included age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level preoperative, prostate volume, Gleason score, estimated blood loss (EBL), blood transfusion rate (BTR), operative duration, surgical margin, pathological stage, short and long-term complication rates, impotence, and incontinence rates. RESULTS: RRP had a longer operative duration, higher EBL, higher BTR, and longer hospital stay. The 5-year biochemical-free survival rates were not significantly different between the two techniques. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate there are no significant differences in oncological and functional outcomes between RRP and RPP. However, RPP demonstrates minimal EBL, low BTR, and shorter operative duration.     

腹腔镜与开放保留肾单位手术干预肾脏占位性疾病疗效及生存质量研究

目的：评价腹腔镜与开放保留肾单位手术在干预肾脏占位性疾病的疗效及远期生存质量方面的作用。方法纳入2009年6月至2011年6月在我院行肾部分切除术的肾脏占位性疾病患者65例，其中试验组（腹腔镜肾部分切除术组）35例和对照组（开放肾部分切除术组）30例。比较两组手术时间、术中肾蒂阻断时间、失血量、术后3d内血肌酐水平、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后并发症、住院时间等各项指标及远期生存质量量表SF-36评分。结果65例手术均顺利完成。腹腔镜组较对照组手术出血量少[（50.6±20.3）ml vs.（308.6±95.6）ml]，胃肠功能恢复快[（2.7±0.8）d vs.（3.8±1.3）d]，住院时间短[（13.2±3.1）d vs.（16.4±4.3）d]；手术时间[（122.1±55.6）min vs.（96.2±50.5）min]和术中肾蒂阻断时间[（28.3±2.5）min vs.（18.3±8.2）min]较长，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后2年远期生存质量量表评分较对照组在情感职能（50.4±20.2 vs.42.7±11.3）、活力（56.3±23.2 vs.40.2±10.9）等项目上有一定提高（P＜0.05）。结论本研究显示腹腔镜手术与开放手术相比具有出血少，恢复快，住院时间短等优势。但是手术时间和术中肾脏血供阻断时间较长。     

后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术(附11例报告)

目的探讨后腹腔镜技术在离断性肾盂成形术中的应用。方法介绍后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂-输尿管连接部(UPJ)梗阻11例,并结合相关文献进行分析。结果11例手术均获成功。手术时间125￣550min,平均264min,出血量60￣220mL,平均住院9.5d。术后1例出现术侧胁腹疼痛,1例拔除双J管后出现同侧肾绞痛,对症处理后好转。11例均获随访4￣13个月(平均7.2个月),无吻合口梗阻,8例肾积水减轻,3例肾积水无明显改变。腰痛均消失,无严重并发症。结论后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗UPJ梗阻,具有微创、痛苦小、恢复快等优点,可部分替代开放手术。     

Risk factors for long intensive care unit stay after cardiopulmonary bypass in children

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether children who experience longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays after open heart surgery may be identified at admission by clinical criteria. To identify factors associated with longer ICU stays that are potential targets for quality improvement. SETTING: Tertiary pediatric cardiac surgical center. DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors for children undergoing open heart surgery. All factors were evaluated for strength of association with length of ICU stay (LOS) using a negative binomial model. After multiple analysis, factors were deemed significant if associated with a LOS with p < .02. PATIENTS: A total of 355 pediatric patients who had cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in a 1-yr period from April 1999 until March 2000. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Children who fell above the 95th percentile for LOS in our institution occupied 30% of bed days and had a three-fold greater mortality. Of all clinical factors considered, those significantly associated with LOS were as follows: preoperative--mechanical ventilation, neonatal status, medical problems, and transfer from abroad; intraoperative--higher operative complexity, increased cardiopulmonary bypass time or ischemic time, and circulatory arrest; and postoperative--delayed sternal closure, sepsis, renal failure, pulmonary hypertension, chylothorax, diaphragm paresis, and arrhythmia. A model combining all factors identified preoperative mechanical ventilation, neonatal status, major medical problems, operative complexity, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and a postoperative complication score as independently associated with LOS (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: At the time of ICU admission after open heart surgery, clinical criteria are evident that highlight a child's risk of longer ICU stay. These pre- and intraoperative factors relate to LOS independent of subsequent postoperative events. Those postoperative complications that are most strongly associated with increased LOS are identified and, therefore, made accessible to quality control.     

Shorter length of stay for simple cholecystectomy: cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies

Patients undergoing simple cholecystectomy during a 12-month period at a Boston teaching hospital were retrospectively divided into two groups: short stay surgery (SSS) patients had a hospital length of stay (LOS) of 5 or 6 days; conventional stay surgery (CSS) patients were hospitalized for more than 6 days. After matching for sex, age, preoperative LOS, and secondary diagnoses, 18 pairs were identified. None of the patients had major complications after the hospital discharge. One to 2 years after surgery, health status was identical in the two groups. Patients in the SSS group reported a larger number of minor complications after hospital discharge and less satisfaction with the adequacy of their length of stay. Shortened length of hospital stay for a subgroup of simple cholecystectomy patients is a promising means of reducing cost with minimal, if any, sacrifice in quality of care and deserves further evaluation.     

超声刀在甲状腺癌根治及颈淋巴结清扫术中的临床应用

目的探讨在甲状腺癌根治及颈淋巴结清扫术中使用超声刀的效果及安全性。方法甲状腺癌患者187例,超声刀组109例,用超声刀行甲状腺癌根治及颈淋巴结清扫术;电刀组78例,应用电刀行同样手术,均由同一手术组医生施行。分别比较两组的手术时间、切口长度、术后引流量及手术并发症(出血、喉返神经麻痹及甲状旁腺功能低下)发生率。结果超声刀组的切口长度、手术时间、住院天数均小于电刀组(P<0.05);而两组的术后引流量无统计学差异(P>0.05),两组术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下和喉返神经麻痹发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均无永久性甲状旁腺功能低下、喉返神经麻痹及术后出血病例。结论用超声刀行甲状腺癌根治及颈清扫术不仅有效安全,而且缩短手术时间、切口长度和住院时间。     

后腹腔镜肾盂成形术13例临床分析

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾盂成形术的适应证选择、手术技巧及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗13例输尿管肾盂连接部梗阻(UPJO)的临床资料。男7例,女6例。钬激光腔内切开失败1例;高位输尿管开口1例;狭窄段>2cm或UPJ完全闭锁3例;单纯重度肾积水4例;异位血管压迫2例;合并肾盂结石2例。结果13例手术均获成功。手术时间120￣200min,平均175min;出血量60￣110mL。术后平均住院时间7.5d。围手术期无并发症。随访3￣19个月,UPJ吻合口无狭窄,肾积水、肾功能均得到改善。结论后腹腔镜肾盂成形术是治疗UPJ梗阻的有效、可行的微创手术,可替代开放手术,成为腔内切开治疗失败、高位输尿管开口、异位血管压迫或伴有重度肾积水、结石的肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的首选术式。     

后腹腔镜下离断肾盂成形术8例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜下离断肾盂成形术的临床效果。方法采用后腹腔径路对8例确诊为肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的患者行腹腔镜下离断肾盂成形术。结果8例手术均获成功,手术时间110~165 min,平均130 min;出血量30~90 ml,平均55 ml。术后住院7~15 d,平均10 d。术后有2例患者出现暂时性漏尿。术后随访3~6个月,肾积水较术前均有所好转,无再手术病例。结论后腹腔镜下离断肾盂成形术是治疗UPJO有效、安全、微创的治疗方法。     

The efficiency of inpatient medical care in a hospital secure unit

A method was developed and tested to analyze the efficiency of medical care using each patient's length of hospital stay (LOS) and comparing these LOS with patients with similar diagnoses, ages, and operative conditions. The method assigns a percentile score to each discharged patient's LOS in comparison with the group of patients in the referent population with the same medical condition. A percentile score calculated in this way removes the effect of case mix and intensity of service from each patient's LOS, and allows the efficiency of medical care to be analyzed. This method was applied to patients who were discharged from a secure unit of a general hospital that serves the tertiary medical needs of patients from the state's correctional system. The LOS for our patients on average corresponded to the 60th percentile for the LOS in other patients with comparable ages and medical conditions. This difference was significantly greater than an expected value of 50.0 (P less than 0.01). The LOS of patients discharged from each specialty service were examined. Two services were identified, in which an increased LOS represented a difference in the practice patterns of physicians in these specialties, in comparison with those of other physicians in this area. An application of the method described in this report should enable hospitals to identify units or services where patients are managed inefficiently and to guide the need for managerial intervention.     

Effects of emergency department boarding on mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

ObjectivePatients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are sometimes boarded in the emergency department (ED) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated the effects of direct and indirect admission to the CCU on mortality and the effect on length of stay (LOS) in patients with STEMI.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study of patients with STEMI between Jan 2014 and Nov 2017. The patients were divided into the direct admission (DA) group, who were admitted into the CCU immediately after PCI, and the indirect admission (IA) group, who were admitted after boarding in the ED. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints were 3-month mortality, LOS in CCU and hospital, and LOS under intensive care.ResultsDuring the study period, 780 patients were enrolled and analyzed. The in-hospital mortality rate and 3-month mortality rate were 5.9% (46 patients) and 8.5% (66 patients). The DA group and IA group had similar in-hospital and 3-month mortality rates (P = .50, P = .28). The median CCU LOS and hospital LOS was similar for both groups (P = .28, P = .46). However, LOS under in intensive care for the IA group was significantly longer than that of the DA group (DA, 31.9 h; IA, 38.7 h; P < .001).ConclusionThis study suggests that direct admission after PCI and indirect admission was not associated with mortality in patients with STEMI. In addition, the stay in ED also appears to be associated with the duration of stay under critical care.     

Care of the patient undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty as a treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction has shown comparable success rates with open pyeloplasty techniques. The use of robotic technology to assist during laparoscopic pyeloplasty procedures has been encouraged by the steep learning curve for laparoscopic surgical skills, and the complexity of laparoscopic suturing. Robotic technology provides the surgeon with the ability to filter out any physiologic hand tremor, more degrees of freedom of movement than traditional laparoscopic instruments, the ability to scale movement to provide better control for microsurgery, better ergonomics during surgery, and three-dimensional vision. Details of the procedure and specific nursing care of the patient undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty at the University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics are described.     

Robotic-assisted vs. laparoscopic and abdominal myomectomy for treatment of uterine fibroids: a meta-analysis

Uterine fibroids are extremely common uterine neoplasms. However, whether robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM) is superior to laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) or abdominal myomectomy (AM) is still debatable. Consequently, we aimed to compare the three currently major surgical techniques used in patients with uterine fibroids. We searched the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to April 22, 2017. The meta-analysis included 20 studies involving 2852 patients. The number of complications [odd ratio (OR) 0.52, p?=?0.009], estimated blood loss (EBL) [weighted mean difference (WMD) ?33.03, p?=?0.02], conversions (OR 0.34, p?=?0.03), and postoperative bleeding (OR 0.18, p?=?0.03) in RALM cases was significantly less than that for LM. The numbers of complications (OR 0.56, p?=?0.03), length of hospital stay (WMD ?1.74, p?p?p?p?相似文献   

Gerota筋膜内后腹腔镜应用于肥胖患者的体会

目的 探讨Gerota筋膜内后腹腔镜的临床应用价值.方法 36例肥胖患者采用12肋下腋后线孔气囊扩张建立Gerota筋膜内后腹腔间隙,进行腹腔镜肾切除4例,肾囊肿去顶12例,肾盂输尿管上段切开取石17例,离断性肾盂成形1例,肾上腺肿瘤切除2例.结果 35例手术顺利完成,仅1例输尿管结石因术中气腹机故障改开放手术.手术时间20～160 min（平均63.1 min）.术中出血量10～240 mL（平均55 mL）.肾盂输尿管上段切开取石患者,6例术后少许漏尿2～6d（平均3.5 d）.住院时间4～26 d.术后随访35例,2～13个月（平均5.1个月）,未见严重并发症.结论 为减少脂肪组织的干扰,肥胖症患者可在Gerota筋膜内建立后腹腔间隙行腹腔镜手术,简便易行,路径直接,组织分离少,手术时间缩短.     

The attributable clinical and economic burden of skin and skin structure infections in hospitalized patients: a matched cohort study

We estimated the incremental clinical and economic burden of skin and skin structure infections (SSSI) in hospitalized patients using a matched cohort study design. Cases with SSSI as secondary diagnosis were matched with up to 4 randomly selected non-SSSI controls by age, gender, admission date, and ICD-9 code of principal diagnosis. Among the 1?472?965 hospitalizations episodes, 23?026 had SSSI as their secondary diagnosis. Matching was successful in 22?551 (98%) cases. Compared with controls (n = 87?811), the cases had an average mean unadjusted length of hospital stay (LOS) of 5 days longer and excess hospital charges over $21?000 and higher mortality rate (5.4% versus 3.5%). Adjusted estimates from regression models revealed that SSSI incurred on average 3.81 additional days and $14?794 excess hospitalization charges. Risk of mortality was significantly higher in the cases (odds ratio, 1.32). P value was <0.0001 for all unadjusted and adjusted outcomes. Compared with their matched controls, patients with SSSI had significantly longer LOS, higher mortality, and higher hospital charges.     

Association between pre-intensive care unit (ICU) hospital length of stay and ICU outcomes in a resource-limited setting

Background Previous studies demonstrated higher mortality for patients with a longer pre-intensive care unit (ICU) hospital length of stay (LOS), in well-resourced settings. Objectives The study aimed to determine the association between pre-ICU hospital LOS and ICU outcomes in a resource-limited setting. We hypothesised that longer pre-ICU hospital LOS would be associated with higher ICU mortality. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study measuring the association between pre-ICU hospital LOS and ICU outcomes using data extracted from a regional hospital ICU in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Consecutive ICU admissions of all patients (medical and surgical) older than 18 years were included during the study period September 2014 to August 2018. A corrected sample size of 2 040 patients was identified. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the primary outcome of ICU mortality, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the secondary outcome of ICU LOS. Results The median pre-ICU hospital LOS was 1 day (interquartile range (IQR) 0 - 2 days). The median length of ICU stay was 2.4 days (IQR 1.1 - 4.8 days) and the observed ICU mortality was 16% (n=327/2 040). Pre-ICU hospital LOS was not associated with ICU mortality in the unadjusted (odds ratio (OR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 - 1.02; p=0.68; n=2 040) and fully adjusted logistic regression models (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.98 - 1.03; p=0.90; n=1 981) using a complete case analysis for missing patient-level covariates. In Cox proportional hazard models, there was no association between pre-ICU hospital LOS and ICU LOS (hazard ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.98 - 1.03; p=0.72; n=1 967), including when stratified by admission source. Conclusion Pre-ICU hospital LOS was not associated with either ICU mortality or ICU LOS in a resource-limited setting. Future studies should aim to include multicentre data and evaluate long-term outcomes. Contributions of the study The study was conducted in a resource-limited setting and found no association between prolonged LOS pre-ICU and patient outcomes. Several potential explanations for this observation have been explored. This important subject is pertinent to the appropriate use of limited resources and encourages future studies to evaluate this association and to consider longer-term outcomes (e.g. 30-day mortality) in future findings.     

Variables that discriminate length of stay and readmission within 30 days among heart failure patients

The purpose of this study was to determine which variables may discriminate between a short length of stay (LOS) and a long LOS and readmission within 30 days among heart failure (HF) patients discharged from a hospital. The charts of 188 patients who were discharged with diagnostic related group 127 during September 30, 1997, until October 31, 1998, were retrospectively reviewed to examine the association between LOS and readmission among 12 variables. It was discovered that an increased number of physicians involved during the patient's hospitalization (p = 0.000) and case management involvement (p = 0.007) were discriminating variables for those patients with a longer LOS. The variables of serum sodium (p = 0.032) and higher NYHA classification (p = 0.018) approached significance in discriminating a longer LOS. HF patients who were readmitted within 30 days were significantlyfound to have an increased NYHA class (p = 0.002) and no specific follow-up plan arranged related to the patients' HF diagnosis (p = 0.005). The results of this study indicate several variables that significantly discriminate LOS and readmission within 30 days among HF patients that case managers can employ to improve care to this population.     

RETROPERITONEAL LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR ADRENAL DISEASES (REPORT OF 136 CASES)

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肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤腹腔镜手术的安全性评价

目的:评价后腹腔镜行肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的安全性。方法:对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤后腹腔镜切除术9例(A组),腹膜后开放手术15例(B组)的临床资料进行回顾分析,对手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、术后肠道恢复时间、术后住院时间、术中、术后并发症以及手中各时点的血压、心率情况和术中血流动力学不稳定事件的发生率进行对比并做统计学分析。结果:A组手术时间长于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。两组间出血量、输血率、术后肠道恢复时间、总并发症率、术中及术后并发症率差异没有统计学意义(P>0·05)。A组术后住院时间短于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。两组收缩压、舒张压、心率在术中各时间点的差异均没有统计学意义(P>0·05)。两组间在心动过速、低血压及血流动力学不稳定事件发生率方面的组间差异均也没有统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论:后腹腔镜肾上腺切除可缩短术后住院时间,不增加并发症发生率,并且术中对患者的血流动力学影响与开放手术相当。手术适应症选择适当,后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术与开放手术具有同样的安全性。