中国12个地区中老年人糖尿病患病率调查

目的　调查中国 4 0～ 99岁一般人群中糖尿病和糖耐量低减 (IGT)的患病现状。方法采用分级整群抽样方法 ,在 1997年 8月～ 1998年 8月期间横断面调查中国 12个地区的 4 0～ 99岁居民2 9 5 5 8人。结果　中国 4 0～ 99岁一般人群中糖尿病的标化患病率为 5 .89% (95 %CI:5 .6 2 %～ 6 .16 % ) ,IGT标化患病率为 5 .90 % (95 %CI:5 .6 3～ 6 .17% ) ,12个地区之间的糖尿病标化患病率和IGT标化患病率有显著性区别 (χ2 =84 .5 ,P <1× 10 -5) ,城乡之间的糖尿病患病率 (城 :6 .8% ,乡 :3.8% ,χ2 =12 4 .2 ,P <1× 10 -5)和IGT患病率 (城 :6 .1% ,乡 :5 .3% ,χ2 =11.6 ,P =0 .0 0 0 7)有显著性区别 ,总体上各年龄组之间的糖尿病患病率 (χ2 =12 4 .2 ,P <1× 10 -5)和IGT患病率 (χ2 =11.6 ,P =0 .0 0 0 7)也有显著性区别 ,并呈现增龄性上升的趋势。结论　中老年人糖尿病患病率有地区和城乡差别 ,总体上有随年龄增长而增加的现象     

徐州地区青少年中学生高血压流行病学调查

目的了解徐州地区11～17岁青少年中学生高血压、超重、肥胖患病状况。探讨青少年超重、肥胖、腹型肥胖、年龄、性别及不同年级段与高血压发生的关系,为青少年高血压的预防、诊断、干预提供流行病学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法抽取徐州地区10所初级及高级中学的初一至高三的中学生作为研究对象,对每位参加初筛的调查对象进行血压、体质量、身高、腰围等的测量。对血压进行非同日3次的测量,按照2017年中国3～17岁儿童性别、年龄别和身高别血压参照标准对高血压进行判别;超重和肥胖的定义采用中国肥胖工作组的标准。腹型肥胖的标准为腰围身高比(WHtR)0.46。结果参加调查的学生10 047人,共采纳样本10 004人(女性4 774人,男性5 230人),年龄为11～17岁。经非同日3次测量得出高血压的总患病率为9.8%,其中女生患病率为7.2%,男生患病率为12.2%。肥胖青少年共1 495名,占总人数的14.9%,超重人数为1 698名,占总调查人数的17.0%。正常体质量青少年高血压患病率为5.6%,超重青少年高血压患病率为12.8%,肥胖青少年高血压患病率为25.4%。多因素分析显示:男生(OR=1.450,95%CI 1.256～1.674)、年龄(OR=1.770,95%CI 1.537～2.037)、超重(OR=1.858,95%CI 1.465～2.357)、肥胖(OR=4.010,95%CI 3.084～5.214)、腹型肥胖(OR=1.497,95%CI 1.184～1.892)、初中和高中三年级(OR=1.488,95%CI 1.250～1.772)是青少年高血压的危险因素。男生中,年龄14岁青少年高血压患病风险是年龄≤14岁的2.456倍(OR=2.456,95%CI 2.050～2.943),而女生中,年龄14岁与年龄≤14岁青少年高血压的患病风险差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在正常体质量类型中,腹型肥胖患高血压风险是非腹型肥胖的1.848倍(OR=1.848,95%CI 1.334～2.559)。结论徐州地区青少年高血压患病率较高。性别、年龄、体质量指数、腹型肥胖、不同年级为青少年中学生高血压患病的影响因素。超重、肥胖为青少年患高血压的最重要独立危险因素。     

第65届美国糖尿病学会（ADA）年会专题报道青少年超重与肥胖的研究进展

第65届美国糖尿病学会(ADA)年会对肥胖的研究较多,有数百篇相关文章在大会上进行了交流,现将青少年超重、肥胖的主要研究成果阐述如下。1青少年肥胖的流行病学超重在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中普遍存在,但青少年糖尿病患者中超重的患病率以前未见统计。Jonathan等对加拿大埃德蒙顿地区一所学校875名5～19岁的儿童进行调查发现,根据体重指数(BMI)确定的肥胖和超重的患病率分别为7.8%和14.3%(2759PO)。美国Liu等对青少年糖尿病患者调查资料分析发现,超重患病率为非西班牙裔白人94.7%,非西班牙裔黑人100%,西班牙裔青少年90.5%。在非西班牙裔…     

柳州市10408成人中高血压患病率调查

目的　了解柳州市成人中高血压患病情况 ,为人群干预作基线调查。方法　整群抽样市区常居人口 10 40 8人 ,平均年龄 3 7 4± 10 7岁。调查一般人口学指标 ,测定血压 ,体重指数 ,腰围及血液有关生化参数。结果　本组人群高血压标化患病率为 16.97% ,男 19 56% ,女 14 2 3 % ;一级高血压占 72 0 5% ,二级占 2 2 40 % ,三级占 5 55% ;高血压组中空腹血糖受损、糖尿病及血脂异常的检出率显著高于血压正常组 (P <0 0 0 1) ;超重组、肥胖组高血压患病率均显著高于BMI正常组 ,其OR值分别为 3 93、10 85;腰围增大组高血压患病率显著高于腰围正常组 ,OR值为 5 2 9。结论　柳州市成人高血压患病率已达到较高水平 ,高血压病人常伴有糖代谢及脂代谢异常 ,年龄、超重或肥胖是影响高血压患病率的重要因素。应采取干预措施以降低其危险因素和心血管病的发生率     

青岛地区20～74岁人群糖尿病患病率调查

目的　了解青岛地区成人糖尿病 (DM )的患病率。　方法　采用分层随机整群抽样方法 ,在 2 0 0 1年 5月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月期间 ,横断面调查青岛地区 2县 5区 2 0～ 74岁居民 14 6 0 6名。除市南区的 2 170名居民直接采用口服 75 g葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)进行筛查外 ,其余各点的 12 4 36名被调查者需先行指血筛查 ,当毛细血管血糖≥ 6 1mmol/L时进行OGTT确定诊断。　结果　青岛地区 2 0～ 74岁人群DM标化的患病率为 5 5 % ,其中 6 4 5 %为新诊断的DM。其中市南区居民DM、糖耐量受损 (IGT)、空腹血糖受损 (IFG)和糖调节受损 (IGR)的标化患病率分别为 9 1%、6 6 %、4 5 %和 11 1%。乡村居民DM的患病率低于城镇居民 (5 0 %比 6 1% ,P <0 0 0 1)。乡村中 ,女性患病率高于男性 (5 7%比 4 0 % ,P <0 0 1)。随着年龄的增加 ,DM的患病率逐渐增加。　结论　青岛地区DM患病率与 1994年及 1996年全国流行病学调查结果相比 ,青岛地区DM的患病率明显升高。随着地区的城市化和人口的老龄化程度进一步增加 ,DM患病率将有更大幅度的升高     

北京地区中老年人糖尿病和IGT患病率与增龄相关性的分析

目的　阐明中老年人糖尿病 (DM)和 IGT患病的增龄性特点及增龄的患病风险。方法　采用随机分级整群抽样方法 ,横断面调查北京市城乡 4个社区 2 35 4例≥ 4 0岁的中老年人。结果　 DM患病率为 11.36 % (标化率 :10 .6 4 % ) ,IGT患病率为 12 .17% (标化率 :11.5 6 % ) ,其与增龄有显著的相关性 (DM:r =0 .99,P =0 .0 0 2 ;IGT:r =0 .92 ,P =0 .0 2 9)。不同年龄组的血糖均值秩和分析 (IGT:χ2 =9.816 ,P =0 .0 4 4 ,总体 :χ2 =10 6 .94 4 ,P <0 .0 0 0 5 )在IGT和总体中证明有显著随年龄增加而增长的趋势。有 3个显著不同的患病风险 (OR)年龄阶段 ,即 4 0～ 4 9岁最低(DM:4 .95 % ,OR=0 .4 1;IGT:8.35 % ,OR=0 .6 6 ) ;5 0～ 6 9岁较高 (DM:12 .13%～ 13.5 7% ,OR=1.0 8～ 1.2 2 ;IGT:11.0 2 %～ 13.6 0 % ,OR=0 .89～ 1.13) ;70～ 99岁最高 (DM:19.0 2 %～ 2 1.0 5 % ,OR=1.83～ 2 .0 8;IGT:19.0 1%～2 1.0 5 % ,OR=1.6 9～ 1.92 )。患病高峰年龄为 DM(95 %可信区间 ,CI) :4 1.0～ 80 .4岁 ,IGT(95 % CI) :36 .9～ 82 .1岁。结论　因 DM和 IGT患者人数随增龄积累 ,年龄越大 ,患病率越高 ,表现出高龄群体高患病风险的增龄特点。年龄是 DM发生的一独立危险因素。     

泸州市社区老年人群超重、肥胖患病率及特点分析

目的:了解泸州市社区老年人群超重和肥胖的流行特点及其高血压、高血糖、高血脂的患病情况。方法:通过多级抽样方法,对泸州市社区60岁以上居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、生化检测。体质量指数(BMI)≥28.0为肥胖,24.0～27.9为超重。结果:共收集有效资料4 445份,平均BMI为24.1±3.4,男性与女性BMI不同(P<0.001)。样本人群超重和肥胖患病率分别为38.25%、12.78%;各年龄段超重率不同(P<0.05),60～69年龄段超重率最高(P<0.05),随年龄的增长,超重率有下降趋势(P<0.001);男、女性肥胖率分别为10.01%、14.69%(P<0.001),各年龄组肥胖率差异无统计学意义。高血压、高血糖、高三酰甘油等患病率随BMI升高而增加(P<0.05),在超重、肥胖组的患病率高于BMI<24.0组(P<0.05)。结论:被调查人群超重和肥胖患病率超过50%,其高血压、高血糖、高血脂患病率达40%以上;老年人超重、肥胖问题严峻,控制老年超重和肥胖刻不容缓。     

安徽省部分城乡居民高血压患病状况及相关因素分析

目的了解安徽省部分城市和农村成年人高血压的患病特征及影响因素。方法 2010-2012年原卫生部疾病预防控制局组织开展"中国居民营养与健康状况监测"项目,通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取安徽省年龄≥18岁城乡居民4136名,采用集中和入户相结合形式进行询问调查和体格检查。采用多因素Logistic回归方法对城乡居民高血压患病的影响因素进行分析。结果安徽省部分城市和农村成人高血压患病率为35.3%,标化率为27.4%,城市患病率为34.3%,农村患病率为35.9%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.04,P0.05)。年龄≥18岁居民高血压患病率随年龄增长而升高,男性患病率高于女性(30.6%比22.2%,χ~2=38.24,P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、年龄、超重、肥胖及腹型肥胖是城市和农村高血压患病的共同危险因素,此外农村高血压患病的危险因素还包括高血压家族史和高血脂症。结论安徽省部分城乡成人高血压患病率为27.4%,超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖等是高血压发病的主要危险因素。     

温州市成人体质量指数、腰围与高血压的关系

目的了解温州市成年人高血压患病率、超重率、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率,并探讨成人体质量指数(BMI)、腰围与高血压患病危险的关系。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,从温州市11个区县随机抽取年龄≥18岁的居民进行调查。调查方法包括问卷调查和身体测量。并采用Logistic回归分析探讨BMI、腰围与高血压的关联。率的标化采用2010年全国第6次人口普查数据。结果共调查42 747人,有效问卷41 054份,有效率96.04%。居民标化超重率、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率分别为25.9%、5.9%、42.3%,标化高血压患病率为25.2%。以无超重/肥胖/中心性肥胖人群为参照,超重+中心性肥胖、肥胖+中心性肥胖者患高血压的风险分别为2.475(95%CI 2.330~2.628)、4.140(95%CI3.751~4.570)倍,糖尿病+肥胖+中心性肥胖及血脂异常+肥胖+中心性肥胖者患高血压的风险分别是无糖尿病或血脂异常,无超重/肥胖/中心性肥胖者的6.298(95%CI 5.086~7.800)和4.159(95%CI3.633~4.763)倍。结论 BMI和腰围的增加均能增加高血压发病风险。超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖对高血压患病存在联合作用。     

部队干休所老年人轻度认知功能损害调查

目的　了解老年人轻度认知功能损害 (MCI)的现状 ,为研究Alzheimer病 (AD)提供依据。　方法　采用中文版简易智能状态检查 (MMSE)、总体衰退量表、日常生活能力、哈金斯基缺血指数及汉密尔顿抑郁量表等量表为筛查工具 ,对石家庄市 2 6个部队休干所的 2 6 74名≥ 6 0岁的离退休干部进行MCI患病率调查。　结果　老年人MCI的患病率为 8 0 8% ,其中男性标化患病率为6 87% ,女性标化患病率为 10 38% ,女性高于男性 (P <0 0 1) ;老年人MCI的患病率随年龄增长有升高的趋势 (P <0 0 1) ;随着文化程度的提高 ,MCI患病率有降低的趋势 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　部队干休所老年人MCI的患病率低于欧美国家。应加强对老年MCI患者这一痴呆高危人群进行监测 ,早期进行干预治疗 ,从而延缓或阻止病情进展为AD。     

社区人群中外周动脉病与体质量指数相关性的研究

目的:分析上海嘉定社区人群中外周动脉病(PAD)的患病率及其与体质量指数(BMI)的关系。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,选取上海嘉定区40岁以上的社区居民5 435名。所有受试者均接受口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)、血脂的测定以及踝肱指数(ABI)的检测。将ABI0.05)。BMI正常组、超重组及肥胖组的PAD患病率分别为6.67%、6.83%和12.62%,肥胖组PAD的患病率显著高于BMI正常组以及超重组(均P     

上海市浦东新区社区人群糖尿病状况和相关危险因素分析

目的调查和了解上海市浦东新区社区人群糖代谢异常状况及其相关危险因素。方法采用抽样分层横断面现场调查方法对浦东新区4个社区18岁以上1869名成人进行问卷调查，并进行口服75g葡萄糖耐量试验。结果糖尿病(DM)患病率6．6％，糖耐量受损(IGT)患病率13．3％；DM和IGT患病率随增龄和肥胖度而增高，而随受教育程度的增高而下降；肥胖度随增龄有增高趋势，而受教育程度与增龄呈显著负相关；DM知识知晓率随受教育程度增高而增高；糖代谢异常与高血压密切相关，而与性别、职业和吸烟无显著相关。结论上海市浦东新区社区人群DM和IGT患病率较高，多种危险因素参与糖代谢异常的发生、发展。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos, Nigeria

In many of the urban centres of the developing countries, a change in lifestyle due to increased affluence has been observed. It has been shown that change in lifestyle is an important factor in the global epidemic of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of lifestyle and socioeconomic class on the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst adolescents from rural and urban centres in Lagos, Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional prospective survey carried out on a sample of 1504 randomly selected adolescents, aged between 10 and 19 years, from six public secondary schools located in urban and rural areas of the Eti-Osa local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. A self-designed completed questionnaire was used to determine the participants' socio-demographic characteristics. Anthropometric measurements were taken to calculate their body mass index (BMI). The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in the urban and rural areas, respectively, were 3.7% and 0.4%, and 3.0% and 0.0%. Socioeconomic class did not significantly affect the BMI values. Overweight is an evolving problem, while obesity is seemingly not a problem yet in adolescent school-aged children in Lagos State, Nigeria.     

上海某社区中老年人群超重与肥胖的现况调查

目的:了解上海社区中老年人超重和肥胖的患病情况以及肥胖相关疾病的患病风险。方法:在上海市嘉定区40岁及以上居民中进行问卷调查、体格检查及生化检测,对其中数据完整的10 375名居民进行统计分析。根据体质量指数(BMI),按照WHO标准界定肥胖和超重者。采用线性回归法分析BMI与一些危险因素的相关性,并采用Logistic回归法分析超重以及肥胖状态对于各种代谢相关性疾病患病风险的影响。结果:本研究人群的BMI均值为25.1±3.3,超重和肥胖的患病率分别为42.92%和7.27%;多元线性回归分析显示:校正多种混杂因素后,随着BMI水平的上升,腰围、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油随之增加(均P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇随之下降(P     

Trends in body mass index and overweight prevalence among children and adolescents in the region of Aragón (Spain) from 1985 to 1995

OBJECTIVE: To analyse trends in body mass index (BMI) and overweight prevalence for children and adolescents in the region of Aragón (Spain), from 1985 to 1995. DESIGN: Nine cross-sectional examinations of schoolchildren conducted yearly from 1985 to 1995. SUBJECTS: A total of 90,997 children (45,970 males and 45,027 females) in the first school year (6-7 y of age); 106,284 scholars (52,772 males and 53,512 females) in the last school year (13-14 y of age). MEASUREMENTS: Heights and weights were measured and BMI (kg/m2) was calculated. RESULTS: We observed a trend to higher BMI values across the surveys, by sex and age. The secular trends in BMI showed the largest increases at the upper ends of the distribution, especially in males. In children in the first school year, prevalences of overweight were higher in females than in males (P<0. 001); however, in adolescents in the last school year, prevalences were higher in males than in females (P<0.001). We observed a significant trend in overweight prevalence from 1985 to 1995 in children from the first school year (P=0.0183, in males and P=0.0168, in females). In children in the last school year there was only a significant trend in males (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Significant changes in BMI occurred in the population studied during the period 1985-1995, but these changes differ by age and sex. The increasing skewness of BMI in the upper percentiles of the population, especially in boys, suggests that, not only is the pediatric population getting fatter, but the fatter members are becoming more obese. Our results also show a striking increase in the prevalence of overweight children in the region of Aragón (Spain) during the 1985-1995 decade.     

Prevalence and socioeconomic risk factors of obesity among urban female students in Al-Khobar city, Eastern Saudi Arabia, 2003

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the socioeconomic risk factors associated with obesity among female school-aged children and adolescents in primary and intermediate schools in Al-Khobar city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Khobar city, which is located in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, during the period of January to March 2003. It involved 2239 female schoolchildren randomly selected from 30 regular government and private primary and preparatory schools. The students' ages ranged from 6 to 17 years, with a mean of 10.49 +/- 2.64 years. A multistage stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation was used. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Body mass index interpretation was based on using a table of standard definitions for overweight and obesity in children (Cole's). The spss version 10 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data entry and analysis. A chi-squared test was used in cross-tabulation analysis to test the significance of association between body mass index and socioeconomic variables. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 20% and 11%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight was higher among schoolchildren with father in private work (P<0.01) and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among schoolchildren with highly educated mothers (P=0.008). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among female school-aged children and adolescents in the Al-Khobar city was very high. Accordingly, it is recommended that health education programmes regarding obesity should be provided to all schoolchildren, their families and teachers.     

新疆乌鲁木齐市米东区回族高血压流行现状及其相关因素

目的:了解乌鲁木齐市米东区回族人群高血压的流行病学特征和相关危险因素。方法:采用整群随机抽样调查的方法对米东区回、汉人群进行高血压的流行病学调查。由经培训的医师对调查对象进行血压测量和资料收集。结果:米东区回族人群高血压的患病率为31.95%,显著高于汉族的患病率(26.91%),P0.05;回族高血压患者的知晓率为64.44%,治疗率为57.78%,控制率为10.37%;年龄的增长(OR 7.986,P0.001)、摄盐量(≥6g/d,OR 4.604,P0.001)、超重或肥胖(OR 2.762,P0.001)以及亲属高血压史(OR 1.920,P0.05)为回族高血压患病的危险因素。结论:乌鲁木齐市米东区回族高血压的患病率较高,高血压的知晓率、治疗率、控制率较2002年全国水平上升,年龄、摄盐量、超重或肥胖以及亲属高血压史是高血压的危险因素。     

北京市昌平区10-18岁超重／肥胖人群空腹血糖受损的患病率调查

目的调查北京市昌平区10-18岁超重／肥胖人群空腹血糖受损（IF℃）的患病率。方法随机抽样获得样本3409名。体检并记录身高、体重、血压,计算BMI。BMI高于同年龄性别第85百分点者测定空腹血糖。FPG≥5．6mmol／L者做口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。结果空腹血糖筛查发现81例IFG和1例2型糖尿病。超重／肥胖儿童青少年IFG患病率6．12％。OGTT结果显示,除1例2型糖尿病外未发现餐后血糖〉7．8mmol／L者。结论本地区10～18岁超重／肥胖人群IFG患病率较低。     

Overweight and obesity in a representative sample of schoolchildren – exploring the urban–rural gradient in Sweden

To present the prevalence and urban‐rural differences of overweight and obesity in 7–9‐year‐old Swedish schoolchildren, we used anthropometric data from a nationally representative survey performed in 2008. Trained staff weighed and measured 4538 children in grades 1 and 2 in 94 primary schools. Weight classification was performed using the IOTF reference and school areas were classified based on level of urbanization and area‐level education. Overweight was found in 17% of the children including 3% obese. For overweight, odds‐ratios were 1.33 and 1.61 (significant) in semi‐urban and rural areas, relative to urban areas. After adjusting for area‐level education, differences by degree of urbanisation were greatly attenuated and non‐significant. For obesity urban‐rural differences were observed in boys only and remained after adjustment for area‐level education. For area‐level education, risk estimates were significantly elevated and unaffected by urbanization and gender, odds‐ratios 1.75 and 2.21 for overweight and 2.62 and 3.69 for obesity, in medium‐ and low‐education areas compared to high‐education areas. This supports earlier reports identifying areas with low socioeconomic status as high‐risk areas for overweight and obesity. However, this study also suggests that gender should be considered when targeting children in urban as well as rural communities for health promoting interventions.     

扬州市邗江区青年糖尿病患病风险调查

对扬州市邗江区7所中学2 153名在校16～18岁学生进行糖尿病患病情况的流行病学调查.结果 显示糖尿病及空腹血糖受损([FG)的患病率分别为6.13%、16.2%.扬州青年糖尿病患病率较高,患病的独立危险因素是肥胖和超重.