全口即刻负重种植固定义齿2例

对2例全口多数牙缺失、残留少量重度牙周炎患牙的患者拔除全口余牙,即刻于上下颌分别植入10颗和8颗Straumann种植体,36颗种植体经共振频率分析,种植体稳定指数（ISQ）值大于60的34颗种植体即刻接入临时基台行复合树脂临时固定桥修复,3个月左右种植体形成骨整合后完成永久性修复。修复后追踪18～26个月,无1颗种植体失败,平均累积骨丧失为0.41 mm。     

前牙美观区单牙即刻种植修复

目的 观察前牙单牙延期种植后即刻修复的临床效果。方法 对6例8颗上前牙种植病例，在植入Frialit-2同时接人Pro-Tect基台行复合树脂暂时冠临时修复，根据骨质情况，4～6个月后，接人永久修复体。结果 追踪7～14个月，无种植体丢失。前6个月平均边缘骨丧失为0．89mm。追踪期内，累积平均骨丧失为-1．28mm。结论 严格掌握适应证后，种植后即刻修复，近期效果良好．长期效果有待追踪。     

*"All-on-4"种植即刻修复技术的临床应用研究

目的 评价应用"All-on-4"种植即刻修复技术对牙列缺失患者进行种植即刻修复的临床效果,探讨其技术要点及临床意义.方法 2008年4月至2009年10月共29例患者(男15例,女14例)接受了"All-on-4"种植即刻修复.29例(上颌牙列缺失8例,下颌牙列缺失15例,全口牙列缺失6例)共植入140枚种植体,在种植体植入当天完成即刻修复,一共完成35件"All-on-4"即刻义齿.即刻修复后观察种植体边缘骨吸收情况、修复体功能状况、患者满意度,追踪种植体的存留率.患者平均追踪10个月(6～24个月).结果 140枚种植体中,8枚于植入后6～8周脱落;其余132枚种植体至最后一次复查临床稳定,种植体存留率94.3%;即刻修复义齿的存留率94%(33/35);边缘骨吸收程度为(0.8±0.4)mm.结论 "All-on-4"种植即刻修复技术应用于牙列缺失患者近期效果好,患者满意度高.远期效果需要进一步观察.     

即刻种植修复的临床研究

目的评价种植术后即刻修复的临床效果。方法单颗牙缺失,牙槽嵴高度及宽度足够的患者12例,植入种植体,要求种植体植入扭力大于40Ncm,即刻取模,术后3d戴入临时冠,3～6个月后改为烤瓷冠永久修复,定期进行临床及X线片观察,观察种植体的动度、种植体周骨结合情况及边缘骨吸收量。结果12颗种植体均已完成金属烤瓷冠修复,经15～26个月的追踪观察,种植体无一松动或脱落,X线显示种植体骨结合良好,种植体植入后1年种植体周骨高度丧失(0.75±0.22)mm。结论若缺失区骨质情况良好,单牙种植即刻修复可获得满意的近期临床效果。     

高龄患者下颌牙列即刻负重种植的修复对策

目的探讨老年患者下颌牙列缺失后采用即刻负重种植技术的治疗方案的制定及临床效果。方法对1例下颌牙列缺失的82岁高龄患者保留上颌残根和不良固定修复体，下颌植入4颗Xive种植体，同期接入TempBase临时基台行复合树脂临时桥修复。术后8个月，参照上颌义齿，完成短牙弓烤瓷固定桥修复体。结果种植体植入后追踪26个月，没有种植体失败。患者对临时义齿及终义齿的咀嚼效能及美学效果均非常满意。结论对高龄患者采用即刻负重种植修复时应严格掌握适应证，同时还要具有前瞻性，必须考虑全面，兼顾高龄患者的生理和心理上的特殊性，综合设计。     

上颌窦提升植骨同期人工牙种植修复

目的：观察上颌窦提升术后同期植入种植体临床效果。方法：对13例37枚缺失双尖牙和磨牙在行上颌窦提升植骨同时植入种植体，9月后接入基台行复合树脂暂时冠桥临时修复，根据骨质情况，2～3个月后，接入永久修复体。结果：修复后追踪8～36个月，1例2枚种植修复6月后松动拔除。其余病例前6个月平均边缘骨丧失为0．81mm，追踪期内，平均累积骨丧失为1．18mm。结论：严格掌握好适应症后，上颌窦提升术同期植入种植体、短期效果良好，长期效果有待追踪。     

种植床自体骨移植在上颌窦闭合式提升中的临床应用

目的评价种植床自体骨植骨行上颌窦闭合式提升后同期植入种植体的临床效果。方法对上颌后牙缺失后剩余牙槽骨高度在6-10mm患者,用中空圆柱钻制备种植床,收集种植床自体骨,行上颌窦闭合式挤压提升后,植入自体骨和ITI种植体,6-9个月后行上部结构修复。结果17例患者共植入25颗种植体,平均提升上颌窦底高度为3.4mm(2-4mm),修复后追踪观察6-36个月,l颗种植体修复6个月后松动拔除。其余24颗种植体平均负载21个月,种植体稳定,未见明显骨吸收,所有病例均无上颌窦并发症。结论严格掌握适应证,种植床自体骨植骨上颌窦闭合式提升同期植入种植体,创伤小、操作较简单,无须开辟第2手术区。     

FRIALIT-2球帽固位种植覆盖义齿修复低平下颌牙槽嵴的疗效观察

目的：评价FRIALIT-2球帽固位的种植覆盖义齿修复下颌牙列缺失且牙槽嵴低平的临床效果。方法：将6例下颌牙列缺失且牙槽嵴低平的患者植入2颗FRIALIT-2种植法，利用FRIALIT-2球帽附着体固位制作覆盖义齿，进行12-24个月的临床追踪。结果：覆盖义齿的固位及使用效果均满意，种植体周围骨高度第一年平均降低0.8mm，有4颗种植体周围粘膜红肿，有3例患者需要重衬，有2例患者覆盖义齿折断，结论：球帽固位种植覆盖义齿是下颌牙列缺失且牙槽嵴低平者有效修复方式。     

美学区域即刻种植即刻修复的临床研究

目的:探讨美学区域即刻种植即刻修复的临床应用及疗效.方法:14例患者美学区域新鲜拔牙创即刻植入22颗种植体并行即刻临时修复,3-6个月后制作终义齿,临床观察8-22个月.结果:2颗失败后拔出,20颗无松动3～6月行永久修复,X-线追踪观察永久修复后6～12月种植体颈部边缘骨吸收均小于1.5Mm,获得临床成功.结论:严格掌握适应证,保证种植体良好的初期稳定性,行无功能的临时修复,美学区域行即刻种植即刻修复能够获得良好的临床效果.     

美学区域即刻种植修复22颗的临床研究

目的探讨美学区域即刻种植修复的临床应用及疗效。方法14例患者美学区域新鲜拔牙创即刻植入22颗种植体并行即刻临时修复,3-6个月后制作终义齿,临床观察8-22个月。结果22颗种植体永久修复后6-12个月,X线观察种植体颈部边缘骨吸收均小于1.5 mm,种植体无松动脱落。结论严格掌握适应证,保证种植体良好的初期稳定性,行无功能的临时修复,美学区域行即刻种植修复能够获得良好的临床效果。     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

鼻测量法的进展

唇裂术后继发畸形是指唇裂修复术后,仍遗留或继发于手术操作和生长发育变化而表现出来的一类畸形[1]。包括唇畸形、鼻畸形和颌骨畸形。其修复较原发性唇裂修复更复杂,更灵活多变。而导致其修复复杂性的一个重要原因即是局部组织结构复杂变异和缺乏可靠的三维测量手段[2],鼻畸形     

口底癌34例临床分析

目的探讨口底癌的临床特性、治疗方法及预后。方法对我院自1992—2002年住院治疗的34例口底癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果34例口底癌患者中,男28例(82.4%),女6例(17.6%),男女比为4.7∶1,平均发病年龄58岁。发病部位:前口底22例(64.7%),后口底12例(35.3%)。淋巴结转移率41.2%。单纯手术组、化疗加手术组、放疗加手术组、化疗加手术加放疗组的5年生存率分别为45.5%、60.0%、50.0%、62.5%。结论口底癌以中老年患者好发,男性居多。易发生淋巴结转移,综合疗法疗效较好。