N-acetylcysteine Improves Cardiac Contractility and Ameliorates Myocardial Injury in a Rat Model of Lung Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

ObjectivesLung ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is the major complication subsequent to cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and lung transplantation. Lung I/R injury frequently induces cardiac dysfunction leading to significant mortality. So far, the literature on therapeutic interventions in cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury is still scarce. In this study, we examined the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration against lung I/R injury–induced cardiac dysfunction.MethodsLung ischemia was established by occluding the left lung hilum for 60 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Studies were performed in 3 groups: sham-operated (same surgical procedure except vessel occlusion; N = 8), lung I/R injury (N = 12), and NAC-administered group (N = 12). The cardiac function was assessed using simultaneous left ventricular (LV) pressure and volume measured via a high-fidelity pressure-volume catheter. Myocardial injury was assessed based on serum creatine kinase muscle brain fraction (CK-MB) and troponin I (cTnI) level, and lung injury based on the degree of protein concentration in lung lavage. We also examined the degrees of myocardial lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical production with and without NAC.ResultsDuring lung ischemia, LV stiffness increased with relative intact contractility. After 2 hours of reperfusion, LV contractility decreased with dilated and stiffened ventricle, along with apparent myocardial and lung injury. NAC administration effectively attenuated heart and lung injury, and ameliorated impaired LV contractility and stiffening resulting from lung I/R injury.ConclusionsNAC administration reduced lung I/R-induced increases in myocardial hydroxyl radical production and lipid peroxidation, and ameliorated LV contractility and stiffening.     

Serum matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the late phase of ischemia and reperfusion injury in human orthotopic liver transplantation

INTRODUCTION: Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is accompanied by neutrophil infiltration and degradation of extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role in the turnover of extracellular matrix components. We assessed the changes in level and composition of serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 in relation with I/R injury after human OLT. METHODS: Thirty-three patients were separated into two groups according to their peak level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) after OLT (AST < 1500 IU/L: n = 22; AST > 1500 IU/L: n = 11). Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured before transplantation as well as 2 days and 1 week after OLT using ELISA (MMP protein) and BIA (enzymatic activity of MMP). RESULTS: MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein concentrations were comparable before and 2 days after OLT, whereas at 1 week MMP-2 decreased and MMP-9 increased significantly. However, there were no significant differences between patients with high or low peak AST at all time points. Also, the composition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not differ over time between the groups of patients. CONCLUSION: Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 do not relate to the late phase of hepatic I/R injury after human OLT.     

Effects of the Antioxidants Lycium Barbarum and Ascorbic Acid on Reperfusion Liver Injury in Rats

Objective

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the rat liver can induce liver injury through mechanisms involving oxidative and nitrosative stresses. In this study we examined the effects of antioxidants Lycium barbarum (LB) and ascorbic acid on I/R-induced liver injury in rats.

Methods

Liver ischemia was induced by clamping the common hepatic artery and portal vein of rats for 40 minutes. Thereafter, flow was restored with reperfusion for 90 minutes. Blood samples collected before ischemia and after reperfusion were analyzed for alanine transaminase (ALT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxyl radical, and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Pharmacologic interventions included administration of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg, i.p., 1 hour before I/R) or LB, an extract of Gogi berries: 600 mg in 100 mL of drinking water for 2 weeks prior to experimentation.

Results

This protocol resulted in elevation of blood concentrations of NO, hydroxyl radical, ALT, and LDH (P < .001) in the I/R-induced liver injury group. Ascorbic acid significantly attenuated the reperfusion liver injury by attenuating hydroxyl radical (P < .01) and NO (P < .05) release. The LB aggravated I/R-induced liver injury by increasing hydroxyl radical release with no effect on NO release.

Discussion and conclusions

This I/R protocol resulted in oxidative and nitrosative stress and liver injury. Ascorbic acid showed significant protective effects on reperfusion liver injury by attenuating hydroxyl radical and NO release. In contrast, LB aggravated liver injury by increasing hydroxyl radical release.     

Protective role of bortezomib in steatotic liver ischemia/reperfusion injury through abrogation of MMP activation and YKL-40 expression

Steatotic liver grafts tolerate ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury poorly, contributing to poor survival following transplantation. However the molecular mechanisms leading to I/R injury still remain to be defined. We have previously reported that the protective effect of bortezomib towards inhibiting cold induced I/R injury in obese rat liver transplant model is through NF-κB down modulation. In this report using an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) model in Zucker rats (from obese, leptin deficient donor, to lean recipient) we defined the mechanisms of steatotic liver injury, and characterized the role of bortezomib in inhibiting MMP activation and YKL-40, both of which are involved in extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis, the key pathological features of liver allograft failure. Obese donor rats were treated with bortezomib (i.v., 0.1 mg/kg immediately prior to liver procurement) to assess the role of MMP and YKL-40 in steatotic liver I/R injury. I/R injury in steatotic livers resulted in significant increases in expression of YKL-40 (9 fold), and activation of MMP-2 (15 fold)/MMP-9 (12 fold). Bortezomib treatment reduced the expression of YKL-40 and MMP to basal levels. Bortezomib also inhibited the pro-fibrotic (VEGF, HGF, bFGF, TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) cytokines significantly in comparison to untreated animals with I/R injury. These results demonstrate that I/R injury in steatotic livers following transplantation are associated with MMP activation and YKL-40 upregulation resulting in pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Administration of the proteosomal inhibitor, bortezomib, effectively attenuated the I/R injury by inhibiting MMP and YKL-40 expression and therefore support the clinical utility of this drug in donor management for preventing I/R injury and its sequelae.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对大鼠肝缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制

目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对肝缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法60只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(P组),只开腹不阻断肝血流,I/R组和I/R-NAC组均阻断大鼠肝70%的血流,45min后恢复再灌注,其中I/R-NAC组再灌注前5min经尾静脉注射NAC300mg/kg。在再灌注后1、3、6、24h时,采取血液及肝组织,分别检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、脂多糖(LPS)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA及其蛋白的表达。结果I/R组和I/R-NAC组ALT、AST及LPS的含量均在6h达高峰,但组内在各时间点比较,ALT、AST及LPS含量的差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05);I/R组同一时间点的ALT、AST及LPS含量均高于I/R-NAC组(P<0.05)。I/R组肝组织TLR4mRNA的表达从再灌注3h起明显增强(P<0.01),并维持高表达,而I/R-NAC组TLR4mRNA的表达在各时间点无显著变化(P>0.05)。I/R组和I/R-NAC组TLR4蛋白表达在再灌注1、3h时类似于P组,但在6、24h时显著增强。结论TLR4参与了肝缺血-再灌注损伤的病理过程,NAC可通过抑制TLR4mRNA表达而减弱肠源性内毒素血症对肝脏的损伤。     

瑞芬太尼对肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼对肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 成年健康雄性SD大鼠30只,体重260～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=10):肝硬化组(C组)、肝硬化+肝缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和瑞芬太尼组(R组).C组、I/R组和R组采用四因素综合法制备大鼠肝硬化模型,I/R组和R组在肝硬化模型制备成功后1周制备大鼠70％肝脏缺血再灌注模型,R组于缺血前10 min开始静脉输注瑞芬太尼1μg·kg-1·min-至再灌注结束.于再灌注4h时取静脉血样和肝组织,测定血清ALT和AST活性、肝细胞Bcl-2和Bax表达及肝细胞凋亡情况,计算细胞凋亡指数,光镜下观察肝组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,I/R组血清ALT和AST的活性升高,肝细胞Bcl-2表达下调,Bax表达上调,细胞凋亡指数升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,R组血清ALT和AST的活性降低,肝细胞Bcl-2表达上调,Bax表达下调,细胞凋亡指数降低(P＜0.05).R组肝组织病理学损伤轻于I/R组.结论 瑞芬太尼可减轻肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与平衡肝细胞Bcl-2与Bax表达而抑制肝细胞凋亡有关.     

Ischemia/reperfusion of the liver induces heart injury in rats

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the cardiovascular injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) of the liver by measuring changes in blood levels of cardiac troponin I (cTNI), an index of cardiovascular injury, as well as levels of selected indicators of an inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ischemia was induced in the rat liver by clamping the common hepatic artery and portal vein for 40 minutes, after which flow was restored, and the liver reperfused for 90 minutes. Blood samples were collected prior to ischemia and after reperfusion. cTNI as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), hydroxyl radical (.OH), nitric oxide (NO), and alanine transferase (ALT) were measured. RESULTS: I/R of the liver induced a significant increase in ALT (P<.001). Increased cTNI levels (P<.05) were associated with inflammatory responses, such as elevated levels of TNFalpha (P<.001), . OH (P<.001), and NO (P<.001). After administration of 3-aminobenzamide, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, liver and heart injuries were significantly attenuated (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: I/R-induced liver injury was associated with cardiovascular injury, perhaps resulting from inflammatory responses triggered by elevated levels of reactive radical species of nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite, by which PARP was activated. 3-Aminobenzamide, significantly attenuated I/R-induced liver and heart injuries.     

TLR2/4蛋白在小鼠全肝缺血再灌注损伤肝脏的表达及意义

目的观察Toll样受体2／4蛋白在小鼠全肝缺血再灌注损伤中肝脏的表达，并分析其与肝功能损伤的关系。方法通过夹闭BALB／c小鼠肝门，复制小鼠全肝缺血再灌注损伤模型。采用Western blot方法定量检测缺血肝叶中TLR2／4蛋白的表达变化，并检测门静脉血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶（pALT）、肿瘤坏死因-α（TNF-α）及门静脉血清内毒素（endotoxin，EN）水平。结果与假手术组（sham-operated group，SH组）相比：（1）全肝缺血20min并行再灌注后，缺血再灌注组（ischemic／reperfusion group，I／R组）血清ALT在再灌注1h即明显升高，且在再灌注3h时较1h时明显升高；（2）I／R组缺血肝脏TLR2／4蛋白的表达（OD值）明显升高，TLR2蛋白的表达在再灌注3h较1h明显高；而TLR4蛋白的表达以再灌注1h时水平最高。（3）I／R组中门静脉血清TNF-α在再灌注1h即开始高，在再灌注3h达高峰。（4）门静脉血清内毒素水平明显升高（与SH相比，P〈0．01），但I／R组在不同灌注时间点之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论TLR2／4蛋白表达的上调参与了小鼠全肝脏缺血再灌注中肝脏的损伤。     

Reperfusion liver injury induces down-regulation of eNOS and up-regulation of iNOS in lung tissues

OBJECTIVES: Acute lung injury and inflammation can occur after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Little is known regarding the possible role of nitric oxide synthase expression in this complex type of lung injury. METHODS: Real-time polymerase chain reactions and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression of eNOS and iNOS in lung tissue after I/R challenge to the liver. Ischemia was induced by clamping the hepatic artery and portal vein for 40 minutes. After flow was restored, the liver was reperfused for 300 minutes. Blood samples were collected to assay three inflammatory parameters: tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, hydroxyl radicals, and NO. Lung lavage samples were assayed for protein and myeloperoxidase. The expression of eNOS and iNOS in lung tissues (n = 3) was also evaluated after I/R challenge to the liver. The iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine was also tested in this I/R model. RESULTS: Reperfusion of the liver produced increased blood concentrations of TNF, hydroxyl radicals, and NO (P < .001; n = 8). Bronchial lavage fluids showed higher levels of protein and myeloperoxidase in the I/R than in the sham-treated group (P < .01). eNOS expression was down-regulated and iNOS expression up-regulated in I/R lung tissues (n = 3). The iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the lung injury. CONCLUSIONS: I/R injury to the liver induced lung injury involving systemic inflammatory responses and iNOS expression. Administration of aminoguanidine significantly attenuated the injury, suggesting that iNOS expression may play a critical role in lung injury induced by I/R of the liver.     

Effect of Pharmacologic Preconditioning with Tetrandrine on Subsequent Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Liver

The effect of tetrandrine (TET) pretreatment of Wistar rats subjected to warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was investigated. After 50 minutes of ischemia in the left and median lobes of the liver and 24 hours of reperfusion (I/R group), the rats were killed. The TET+I/R group rats were pretreated with TET (50 mg/kg body weight IP) 30 minutes prior to the onset of ischemia. Blood samples were taken for measurement of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Tissue was taken from the ischemic lobes for measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO); determination of the wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio; and histologic studies. The results showed that ALT, AST, and LDH levels in serum were increased in the I/R group; tissue MDA generation, MPO activity, and the W/D ratio were also increased, accompanied by decreased SOD activity. The serum ALT, AST, and LDH levels, as well as the tissue MPO level and W/D ratio, were lower in the TET+I/R group than in the I/R group; and the SOD level was higher in the TET+IR group than in the I/R group. Moreover, the serum ALT and AST, tissue MDA, and W/D ratio in the TET+I/R group were higher, and the SOD was lower than in the sham group. The histologic examination showed protection against liver damage in the TET+I/R group. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with TET could somewhat protect the liver against I/R injury but does not prevent it. The simultaneous decrease of both lipid peroxide generation and polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic liver may explain the acquisition of tolerance following administration of TET.     

脾切除对肝缺血再灌注致多脏器损伤的保护作用及其相关机制

目的 研究脾切除对大鼠肝缺血再灌注(HIR)致多脏器损伤的保护作用及其相关机制.方法 采用阻断和恢复大鼠肝动脉和门静脉血供,制作全肝缺血30 min再灌注180 min模型.雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(SHAM组)、脾切除加再灌注组(SPLN+HIR组)和再灌注组(HIR组).血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平检测肝功状况,血清肌酐(CREA)水平检测肾功状况,苏小素-伊红染色(HE)观察病理形态学改变,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)观察肝细胞凋亡情况,干湿比(W/D)比较水肿程度,髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平测定中性粒细胞浸润情况,ELISA法测定血清TNF-α水平,Western免疫印迹法检测caspase-3表达情况.结果 肝缺血再灌注造成肝、肾、肺和小肠的严重损伤,表现为AST、ALT、CREA、W/D明显升高,凋亡细胞大量出现,病理形态学改变严重,大量中性粒细胞浸润;脾切除可以显著减轻卜述改变,血清TNF-α水平降低,凋亡蛋白casepase-3表达减弱.结论 脾切除可以通过降低全身炎症反应、抗组织细胞凋亡,减轻肝缺血再灌注造成的多个脏器损伤.     

Effect of neferine on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Introduction

Liver ischemia/reperfusion leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause liver injury, a critical clinical problem during liver surgery and transplantation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of neferine against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Materials and Methods

Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): sham group; model group, and neferine high and low groups (50 and 25 mg/kg, respectively). After either saline or neferine was orally administered for 5 days rat livers were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hydroxyl radical levels were measured in serum. The liver was removed to assay malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, as well as to evaluate histopathologic changes.

Results

Neferine significantly prevented AST and ALT elevations, reduced hydroxyl radical release, inhibited SOD and GPx activities, and decreased MDA and carbonyl contents. At the same time, neferine attenuated the histopathologic changes.

Conclusion

Neferine protected against liver ischemia/reperfusion in rats through antioxidant mechanisms. However, further studies are needed to verify whether the hepatoprotection of neferine is correlated with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.     

瘦素对肠缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠肝脏功能的影响及其机制

目的:探讨瘦素(leptin)对大鼠肠缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤时肝脏的保护作用及其机制。方法:99只Wistar大鼠随机分成11组:假手术组,肠缺血45min再灌注15min、30min、1h、3h、6h的肠I/R损伤组和相应时间点的leptin治疗组,每组9只大鼠。肠I/R损伤组和leptin治疗组建立大鼠肠I/R损伤模型;leptin治疗组于再灌注的同时腹腔注射leptin0.2mg/kg。假手术组术后1h处死,其余各组大鼠于相应时间点处死,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),肝组织中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的动态变化。结果:肠I/R组血清ALT随着时间变化逐渐升高,肝组织中的IL-6水平于再灌注3h显著升高,而IL-10水平基本处于平稳的波动状态,SOD活性于再灌注早期呈略微下降趋势,1h后逐步回升至假手术组水平;leptin治疗后血清ALT水平基本稳定在较低水平,再灌注3h后,肝组织IL-6水平较损伤组明显降低,同时SOD活性显著提高,IL-10水平于再灌注15min时突然增高,随即恢复到假手术组水平。结论:leptin对大鼠肠I/R造成的肝脏功能损伤具有改善作用,可能与其调节肝组织中的细胞因子释放、提高肝脏的抗氧化损伤能力有关。     

肝细胞凋亡在肝硬化大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤中的意义

目的 研究肝硬化大鼠肝缺血再灌注（I／R）损伤和硬化肝比正常肝更容易损伤的机制是否与肝细胞凋亡有关？方法 建立原位肝I／R模型，将肝硬化大鼠随机分为2组：A组：缺血时间（I）＝20min;B组：I＝30min;C组：正常大鼠，I＝30min，比较灌注前后各组血清AST、ALT的变化和肝细胞凋亡的百分数。结果 肝硬化大鼠肝I／R后，AST、ALT明显升高，以灌注后6h为高峰，灌注24、72h后逐渐下降。灌注6h后，B组的血清转氨酶为3组中最高（P＜0．05），说明B组肝损伤最严重。肝细胞凋亡在I／R后明显增多，以灌注后6h为高峰，随后逐渐下降，变化与转氨酶一致。灌注后6h，B、A、C组肝细胞凋亡的百分数分别为20．9％、13．5％和10．7％，B组明显高于A、C两组（P＜0．01）。再灌注72h内未见明显肝细胞坏死。结论 肝细胞凋亡是肝硬化大鼠I／R损伤肝细胞死亡的主要形式，肝细胞凋亡与肝缺血时间密切相关，肝硬化肝细胞比正常肝细胞容易发生凋亡是硬化肝对缺血敏感的重要原因。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9 与小体积移植肝早期损伤的相关性研究

目的 观察不同体积肝移植术后早期移植肝内基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达及活化特点,探讨MMP-2和MMP-9在小体积移植肝早期损伤中的作用机制. 方法 随机将108只SD大鼠分成3组,每组36只.分别为:全肝(100%肝体积)移植组、半肝(50%肝体积)移植组和小体积肝(25%肝体积)移植组.分别检测移植肝再灌注后0.5、6、12、24、48、72 h的肝功能及移植肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)浓度,观察移植肝组织病理学特征,并运用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、实时定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)、明胶酶谱和免疫组织化学方法检查移植肝中MMP-2和MMP-9的表达情况. 结果 与全肝和半肝移植组比较,小体积肝移植组再灌注后6～24 h MMP-9表达明显升高;而且MMP-9活化和表达增高伴随着移植肝功能损害和严重的缺血再灌注损伤.MMP-9早期表达都集中在移植肝门静脉周围,与门静脉高灌注密切相关. 结论 MMP-9表达升高是小体积移植肝早期重要的致损伤因素;肝移植术后门静脉高灌注可能是触发MMP-9活化和表达的重要原因.     

Matrix Metalloprotease Expressions in Both Reperfusion Lung Injury and Oleic Acid Lung Injury Models and the Protective Effects of Ilomastat

Objective

Our aim was to study the expressions of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) and the effects of the MMP inhibitor Ilomastat in both ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)- and oleic acid (OA)-induced lung injury models.

Materials and Methods

Real-time polymerase chain reactions and Western blots were used to assess mRNA and protein expressions of MMP9 in lung tissues after I/R or OA lung injury. Ischemia was induced by clamping one branch of the pulmonary artery for 60 minutes and then reperfusing for 120 minutes. In the OA model, lung injury was induced by intravenous infusion of OA (0.1 mL/kg) for 20 minutes and then observation for 6 hours. Lavage leukocyte concentration and wet/dry lung weight ratio were used to assess lung inflammation and injury. Blood samples were collected for assays of hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide. The MMP inhibitor Ilomastat (100 μg/kg) was administered before I/R and OA infusion.

Results

mRNA and protein expressions of MMP9 were significantly increased in both lung injury models. Ilomastat decreased MMP9 mRNA and protein expressions but did not reach statistical significance. Blood concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide, wet/dry lung weight ratios, and lavage leukocyte concentrations were significantly higher in both experimental groups compared with the sham group (P < .001). Ilomastat significantly attenuated the extent of lung inflammation and injury induced by both I/R and OA.

Conclusion

MMP may play a critical role in the lung injury induced by I/R and OA infusion.     

参麦注射液抗肝缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的：研究参麦注射液对肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：将３７只成年雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分成假手术对照组（ＳＯＣ）、缺血再灌注组（Ｉ／Ｒ）、缺血再灌注加参麦组（Ｉ／Ｒ＋ｓｈｅｎｍａｉ）。通过阻断大鼠肝门３０ｍｉｎ后再开放建立肝缺血再灌注损伤模型,在肝脏再灌注９０ｍｉｎ时测肝组织丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和测血ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ、ＬＤＨ,并取肝组织作光镜及电镜观察。结果：再灌注９０ｍｉｎ时Ｉ／Ｒ＋Ｓｈｅｎｍａｉ组的肝组织ＭＤＡ生成,ＳＯＤ消耗,血清ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ、ＬＤＨ升高值均少于Ｉ／Ｒ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,且Ｉ／Ｒ＋Ｓｈｅｎｍａｉ组的肝细胞显微、超微结构损害的改变较Ｉ／Ｒ组轻。结论：参麦注射液能清除肝缺血再灌注过程中产生的氧自由基,对鼠肝缺血再灌注所致肝细胞的结构和功能损伤有保护作用     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠30只,体重300～350 g,随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和高容量血液稀释组(HH组).S组仅开腹,不阻断血管;IR组阻断肝门静脉和左肝动脉30 min,再灌注2 h;HH组30 min内经尾静脉输注高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液10 ml/kg进行高容量血液稀释,输注完毕后15 min,行肝脏缺血再灌注.再灌注2 h时,下腔静脉取血样,测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性;取左肝叶组织,光镜下观察病理学结果,采用比色法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 与S组比较,IR组和HH组血清ALT和AST的活性、肝组织MDA含量升高,肝组织SOD活性降低(P<0.01),肝组织病理学损伤明显;与IR组比较,HH组血清ALT和AST的活性、肝组织MDA含量降低,肝组织SOD活性升高(P<0.01),肝组织病理学损伤减轻.结论 高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释可减轻大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,可能与氧自由基生成减少有关.     

血红素加氧酶-1诱导对鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的研究血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)在鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤肝组织中的表达及其作用。方法建立小鼠部分肝脏热缺血再灌注损伤模型,36只清洁级Balb/C小鼠随机分为3组: 假手术组(S组)、缺血/再灌注损伤组(I/R组)、HO-1诱导剂氯化高铁血红素(hemin)预处理组(HM组)。免疫组化半定量分析肝组织HO-1蛋白的表达,检测血清AST和ALT,肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并观察肝组织的病理变化。结果与S组比较,I/R组HO-1蛋白表达显著增强,hemin预处理后,HO-1蛋白表达较I/R组增高(P<0．01)。I/R组AST,ALT活性和MDA的含量显著高于S组,而HM组均显著低于I/R组(P<0．01);I/R组SOD活性下降,而HM组显著高于I/R组(P<0．01)。HM组病理损伤程度明显轻于I/R组。结论 HO-1在鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤肝组织中表达上调,对肝脏具有保护效应。     

Reperfusion liver injury-induced superoxide dismutase and catalase expressions and the protective effects of N-acetyl cysteine

AIM: Reperfusion of the ischemic liver results in the generation of oxygen radicals. In this study, we analyzed if the mRNA and protein expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase increased after ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) of the rat liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ischemia was induced by clamping off the common hepatic artery and portal vein of rats for 40 minutes, which were then reperfused for 90 minutes. Blood samples collected prior to I and after R were analyzed for hydroxyl radical (.OH), nitric oxide (NO), and alanine transferase (ALT). Liver tissues were used to analyze the SOD and catalase mRNA and protein expressions by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS: The results showed that this protocol resulted in elevation of the blood ALT, NO, and .OH levels (P<.001). mRNA (P<.01) and protein expressions (P<.05) of SOD and catalase were all increased. Pretreatment with antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, attenuated the liver injury. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that reperfusion of the ischemic liver induced antioxidant enzymes expressions so that oxygen radicals are scavenged. Oxygen radical scavenger could further attenuate the I/R-induced liver injury.