组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎的临床与病理

目的探讨组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎的临床和病理学特点。方法回顾性分析38例组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎的临床资料。结果本组主要表现为持续发热(84.2%)、单发(60.5%)或多发(39.5%)淋巴结肿大、多形性皮疹(21.1%)、外周血白细胞降低(65.8%)、红细胞沉降率增快(50.0%),丙氨酸转氨酶升高(31.6%),仅6例伴流感样上呼吸道症状(15.8%)。淋巴结活检特点为不同程度的凝固性坏死伴多种形态的组织细胞、淋巴细胞浸润,无中性粒细胞浸润。免疫组织化学染色示组织细胞CD68及T细胞CD3、CD45RO阳性,CD15、CD20及CD30均阴性。抗生素治疗无效,小剂量糖皮质激素治疗有效,所有病例经治疗后无复发。结论组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎的临床表现无特异性,易误诊,确诊主要依靠活检及免疫组织化学检查,抗生素治疗无效,糖皮质激素治疗有效,预后良好。     

坏死性淋巴结炎的临床病理及免疫组化分析

收集１９例坏死性淋巴结炎进行临床病理及免疫组化分析。女性多于男性，好发于青壮年，主要累及颈部浅表淋巴结伴发热，血沉加速，白血球总数偏低或正常；抗菌素治疗无效。组织学以显著的组织细胞增生伴大量细胞碎片的凝固性坏死、无嗜中性白细胞浸润为特征，并有显著纤维素样坏死性血管炎和出血。免疫组化证实病变中的多形核细胞和浆细胞样单核细胞为组织细胞。     

组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎53例临床病理分析

目的：研究组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎病理特点及其与淋巴瘤的鉴别。方法：对53例组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎的临床表现，病理形态及免疫组化特点进行分析。结果：病变淋巴结多位于头颈部，呈轻－中度肿大，男女之比为1：1．7活检标本多破碎（37／53），形态特征为细胞碎片，增生的淋巴及组织细胞构成大小不一凝固性坏死灶。新月形、肾形、扭曲核的组织细胞及浆样T细胞最常见到，无中性粒细胞，免疫化坏死灶及边缘CD68及T细胞呈斑块状（＋），而B细胞少数散在（＋）。结论：根据组形态，细胞成分及免疫组织化学表型，组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎可以明确诊断。     

组织细胞性坏死性淋巴结炎41例临床及病理分析

目的探讨组织细胞性坏死性淋巴结炎(HNL)的临床及病理特点。方法回顾性分析41例HNL的临床病理资料及免疫组织化学表型。结果41例中女性23例,平均年龄21岁。37例颈部淋巴结肿大,半数有发热,2例有皮疹。33例外周血白细胞计数正常,8例减低;血细胞沉降率增快。2例分别在1个月和5年后患系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)。病理形态见在活跃的反应性增生淋巴结病变的背景下,出现程度不同的凝固性坏死,伴有多种形态的组织细胞增生,细胞内外见大量碎片。病变区及周围有免疫母细胞及浆样单核细胞增生,无中性粒细胞浸润。组织细胞CD68( ),淋巴细胞CD3和CD45RO( )。结论HNL为淋巴结反应性增生的特殊表现,多见于年轻女性,常为单侧颈部淋巴结肿大伴发热,与SLE等诸多疾病相关,易误诊为恶性淋巴瘤,需引起警惕。     

组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎20例临床病理分析

目的 探讨组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎（HNL）的临床病理学特点。方法 回顾性分析20例HNL的临床资料，应用光镜观察其形态改变，并应用SP法检测细胞表型和用TUNEL法检测凋亡情况。结果 20例中女性13例，平均年龄26岁。16例颈部淋巴结肿大，半数有发热，2例有皮疹。外周血白细胞计数正常或偏低；血细胞沉降率增快。在活跃的反应性增生淋巴结病变的背景下，出现程度不同的凝固性坏死，伴有多种形态的组织细胞增生，细胞内外见大量碎片。病变区及周围有免疫母细胞及浆样单核细胞增生，无中性粒细胞浸润。组织细胞CD68和Lyso( )，淋巴细胞CD3和CD45RO（ ），CD15、CD30和CD56（-）。滤泡生发中心及散在淋巴细胞CD20（ ）。凋亡细胞及碎片TUNEL强（ ）。结论 HNL为淋巴结反应性增生的特殊表现。临床多见于年轻女性，常为单侧颈部淋巴结肿大，伴发热。临床病理特征复杂，易误诊。     

坏死性增生性淋巴结病

坏死性增生性淋巴结病中国医科大学第一临床医院儿科陶晶坏死性增生性淋巴结病（ＮａｒｏｔｉｒｉｎｇＨｙｐｅｒｐｌａｓｔｉｃ）Ｌｙｍｐｈａｄｅｎｏｐａｔｂｙ），又称坏死性淋巴结炎，或亚急性坏死性淋巴结炎，以长期发热，淋巴结肿大和白细胞减少为三大特点，易与其...     

坏死性增生性淋巴结病2例报告

坏死性淋巴结病是一种少见病,其表现为病因不明的非肿瘤性淋巴结肿大、发热、白细胞减少,病理组织学以淋巴结广泛凝固性坏死伴组织细胞反应性增生而无中性粒细胞浸润为特点。现将我院2例报告如下。     

23例Kikuchi淋巴结炎临床病理分析

目的 :探讨 2 3例Kikuchi淋巴结炎的临床病理特征。方法 :回顾性分析 2 3例Kikuchi淋巴结炎的临床病理资料 ,分别用S -P法和TUNEL法检测免役表型和凋亡。结果 :2 3例中女性 15例 ,男性 8例 ,平均年龄 2 3岁 ,主要症状有发热 (2 0 /2 3 )和颈淋巴结肿大 (2 1/2 3 ) ,外周血白细胞正常或偏低 ,血沉增快 ;组织学上副皮质区和滤泡间出现程度不同的凝固性坏死 ,伴有多种形态的组织细胞、转化的淋巴细胞及凋亡碎片 ,病变区周围有免疫母细胞及浆样单核细胞增生 ,无中性粒细胞浸润。淋巴细胞表达CD3和CD45R0 ( ) ,CD2 0、CD15 (-) ,组织细胞表达CD68和Lyso( ) ,凋亡细胞及碎片TUNEL强阳性。结论 :Kikuchi淋巴结炎显示淋巴结由多种组织细胞、转化T细胞以及凋亡碎片组成的病灶 ,不合并有中性粒细胞浸润。临床上多见于年轻女性 ,常表现为颈淋巴结肿大伴发热 ,临床病理特征复杂 ,易误诊。     

坏死性淋巴结炎——老问题、新认识

在人体 10多个系统中 ,淋巴系统的病理诊断被公认是难度最大的 ,也是日常病理诊断工作中失误最多的。在淋巴系统的病理诊断中又有两大难点 :一是淋巴瘤还是非淋巴瘤 ;二如果是淋巴瘤 ,是哪一种类型。在淋巴结的病变中 ,容易误诊为淋巴瘤的疾病有很多 ,其中最容易发生误诊的就是坏死性淋巴结炎。坏死性淋巴结炎 ,又名组织细胞性坏死性淋巴结炎、亚急性坏死性淋巴结炎、菊池病。 1972年菊池首先描述了一组有密集组织细胞样的大细胞增殖、核崩解坏死产物以及伴有吞噬红细胞及核碎片的组织细胞 ,而且见不到嗜中性、嗜酸性白细胞浸润 ,同时缺乏坏…     

坏死增生性淋巴结炎8例临床分析

目的 分析坏死增生性淋巴结炎临床特点及诊治方法。方法 总结分析8例坏死增生性淋巴结炎病例。结果 多以青年女性发病，均有发热，浅表淋巴结肿大，淋巴结活检符合典型坏死增生性淋巴结炎病理特征，强的松治疗疗效好。结论 坏死增生性淋巴结炎临床表现无特异性，对发热伴有浅表淋巴结肿大患者，要考虑本病之可能，其确诊有赖于淋巴结活检，强的松治疗有显著疗效。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.