Short sleep duration and obesity among Australian children

Background  

There is limited information on sleep duration and obesity among Australian children. The objective of the study is to cross-sectionally examine the relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Australian children aged 5 to 15 years.     

Fatal injuries among volunteer workers--United States, 1993-2002

In the United States, an estimated 59 million persons spend a median of 52 hours each year volunteering, most often in religious, educational, youth, or community service organizations; volunteers commonly perform activities such as coaching, campaigning, fundraising, delivering goods, and serving on boards or neighborhood associations. Few studies have analyzed fatal injuries to volunteers, and studies have typically focused on a specific volunteer group (e.g., Peace Corps). To characterize fatal injuries among volunteers in the United States, CDC analyzed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) for 1993-2002. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that a total of 501 persons died from injuries sustained while volunteering during this period; most often these persons were firefighters and other volunteers who were operating motor vehicles at the time of death. To reduce these fatalities, organizations that rely on volunteers need to provide adequate training (e.g., defensive driving and recognition of evacuation signals) on the basis of well-communicated and enforced safety and health policies.     

Heat-related deaths among crop workers--United States, 1992--2006

Workers employed in outdoor occupations such as farming are exposed to hot and humid environments that put them at risk for heat-related illness or death. This report describes one such death and summarizes heat-related fatalities among crop production workers in the United States during 1992--2006. During this 15-year period, 423 workers in agricultural and nonagricultural industries were reported to have died from exposure to environmental heat; 68 (16%) of these workers were engaged in crop production or support activities for crop production. The heat-related average annual death rate for these crop workers was 0.39 per 100,000 workers, compared with 0.02 for all U.S. civilian workers. Data aggregated into 5-year periods indicated that heat-related death rates among crop workers might be increasing; however, trend analysis did not indicate a statistically significant increase. Prevention of heat-related deaths among crop workers requires educating employers and workers on the hazards of working in hot environments, including recognition of heat-related illness symptoms, and implementing appropriate heat stress management measures.     

Fatalities among oil and gas extraction workers--United States, 2003-2006

Oil and gas extraction (i.e., removing oil and natural gas from the ground) is a growing industry in the United States, employing approximately 380,000 workers in 2006. In recent years, activity in this industry has increased substantially, from an average of 800 actively drilling rigs in the United States during the 1990s to approximately 1,300 during 2003-2006. In August 2005, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) asked CDC to investigate a 15% increase in fatalities among oil and gas extraction workers (from 85 fatalities in 2003 to 98 in 2004). CDC analyzed data from the BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) for the period 2003-2006. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that increases in oil and gas extraction activity were correlated with an increase in the rate of fatal occupational injuries in this industry, with an annual fatality rate of 30.5 per 100,000 workers (404 fatalities) during 2003-2006, approximately seven times the rate for all workers (4.0 per 100,000 workers). Nearly half of all fatal injuries among these workers were attributed to highway motor-vehicle crashes and workers being struck by machinery or equipment. Employers should work with existing industry groups and federal, state, and local government agencies to promote seatbelt use. In addition, researchers and public health officials should collaborate with industry groups to establish engineering and process controls that remove workers from potentially dangerous machinery while drilling and servicing oil and gas wells.     

Short duration of sleep and unintentional injuries among adolescents in China

Using a population-based cross-sectional health survey, the authors investigated the association between nightly duration of sleep and unintentional injuries among high school students in Nanning, China. The survey utilized a two-stage random cluster-sampling design. In March 2005, adolescents aged 13-17 years were recruited from students attending the first 3 years of high school in Nanning. Sleep duration was measured by self-reported usual times of going to bed and rising during a normal school week. Unintentional injury was assessed via a structured personal interview. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for the effects of cluster sampling. After adjustment for potentially confounding factors, adolescents who slept less than 7 hours per night during a normal school week were approximately two times more likely to have experienced multiple episodes of unintentional injury during the 3-month pre-survey period (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 4.8) than those who slept 7 hours or more (p < 0.05). There was also a nonsignificantly (p > 0.05) increased risk of single injury for adolescents with short sleep durations (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 2.3). Findings suggest that a short nightly duration of sleep can be considered a potential risk factor for multiple unintentional injuries among adolescents.     

Ambulance crash-related injuries among Emergency Medical Services workers--United States, 1991-2002

Ambulance crashes are one of many hazards faced by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel. Although no complete national count of ground ambulance crashes exists, the total number of fatal crashes involving ambulances can be ascertained by using the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). To characterize risk factors for EMS workers involved in ambulance crashes, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and NHTSA investigated three case reports of ambulance crashes. This report summarizes these investigations, presents surveillance data, and discusses recommendations for prevention measures. NIOSH is identifying and testing alternative measures to reduce injury risk for EMS workers.     

Effect of short sleep duration on daily activities--United States, 2005-2008

Little is known about the extent to which insufficient sleep affects the ability of U.S. adults to carry out daily activities. The National Sleep Foundation suggests that adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night; shorter and longer sleep durations have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To assess the prevalence of short sleep duration (<7 hours on weekday or workday nights) and its perceived effect on daily activities, CDC analyzed data from the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This report summarizes the results, which found that 37.1% of U.S. adults reported regularly sleeping <7 hours per night, similar to the 35.3% reporting <7 hours of sleep in a 24-hour period in another report using self-reported data. Short sleep duration was more common among adults aged 20--39 years (37.0%) or 40-59 years (40.3%) than among adults aged ≥60 years (32.0%), and more common among non-Hispanic blacks (53.0%) than among non-Hispanic whites (34.5%), Mexican Americans (35.2%), and persons of other races/ethnicities (41.7%). Among six sleep-related difficulties assessed, the most prevalent was not being able to concentrate on doing things, reported by 23.2% of U.S. adults. Perceived sleep-related difficulties were significantly more likely among persons reporting <7 hours of sleep than among those reporting 7-9 hours of sleep. Based on these findings, at least one third of U.S. residents do not get enough sleep on a regular basis, and this impairs their ability to perform daily tasks. Chronic sleep deprivation also has a cumulative effect on mental and physical well-being and can exacerbate chronic diseases.     

Short sleep duration is associated with greater alcohol consumption in adults

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between sleep duration and alcohol consumption in adults (301 men and 402 women aged 18-64years) from the greater Quebec City area. Sleep duration (self-reported), alcohol consumption (3-day food record and questions on drinking habits), and disinhibition eating behavior trait (score?6 on the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) were assessed. Participants were categorized as short- (?6h), average- (7-8h) or long- (?9h) duration sleepers. Overall, short-duration sleepers consumed significantly more alcohol than the two other sleep-duration groups. After adjusting for relevant covariates, short sleep duration was associated with an increase in the odds of exceeding the recommendations for sensible weekly alcohol intake of 14 drinks for men and 7 drinks for women compared to those sleeping between 7 and 8h (OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.03-3.54, both sexes combined). In both men and women, daily alcohol intake was significantly higher in short-duration sleepers having a high disinhibition eating behavior trait. However, the prevalence of a binge drinking occasion (i.e. ?5 drinks on one occasion) was more common in men than women. Men sleeping less than 6h per night with a disinhibited eating behavior were more likely to report binge drinking (41% of them). In summary, the combination of short sleep duration with disinhibited eating behavior is associated with greater alcohol intake in adults.     

Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity,diabetes, hypertension,and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States

Research associates short (and to a lesser extent long) sleep duration with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease; and although 7–8 h of sleep seems to confer the least health risk, these findings are often based on non-representative data. We hypothesize that short sleep (<7 h) and long sleep (>8 h) are positively associated with the risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease; and analyze 2004–2005 US National Health Interview Survey data (n = 56,507 observations, adults 18–85) to test this. We employ multilevel logistic regression, simultaneously controlling for individual characteristics (e.g., ethnoracial group, gender, age, education), other health behaviors (e.g., exercise, smoking), family environment (e.g., income, size, education) and geographic context (e.g., census region). Our model correctly classified at least 76% of adults on each of the outcomes studied, and sleep duration was frequently more strongly associated with these health risks than other covariates. These findings suggest a 7–8 h sleep duration directly and indirectly reduces chronic disease risk.     

青春前期儿童睡眠时间与体脂指标的相关性研究

【目的】 研究上海青春前期儿童睡眠时间与体脂指标的相关性,为改善儿童睡眠质量与肥胖的发展提供依据。 【方法】 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取上海市10所小学的五年级学生1 588名进行社会经济状况、睡眠问卷调查以及体格测量,测量指标包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围以及皮下脂肪等,并进一步计算体质指数(body mass index,BMI)及BMI和腰围的Z值,腰围/身高比和体脂百分比。被选儿童中,男童的比例为52.08%(827名),年龄(10.82±0.39)(9.42~14.08)岁。 【结果】 肥胖的发生率为11.9% (男生15.0%,女生 8.5%,P<0.001)。在校正了肥胖的高危因素后,与睡眠时间≥10 h的儿童相比,睡眠时间不足9 h的儿童有显著较高的BMI、BMI Z值,腰围,腰围Z值,腰围/身高比及体脂百分比(P<0.05)。 【结论】 青春前期儿童睡眠时间不足与体脂指标显著相关。采取措施改善儿童的睡眠状况可能有助于遏止肥胖迅速发展。     

小学生睡眠时间和视屏时间与儿童肥胖的关联研究

目的 探讨小学生睡眠时间和视屏时间与肥胖之间的相关性,为防控小学生肥胖提供依据。方法 于2013年9月采用整群随机抽样于北京某城区12所小学选取三~五年级共1 889名学生并划分为肥胖及非肥胖组,问卷调查睡眠时间、视屏时间及其他肥胖相关影响因素。采用广义线性混合效应模型分析睡眠及视屏时间对学生肥胖的影响。结果 27.83%和77.08%的学生睡眠和视屏时间能达相应标准。每天睡眠时间≥9 h与＜9 h、视屏时间＜2 h与≥2 h的学生肥胖率分别为19.46%和25.88%、18.09%和29.29%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.83和23.35,P均<0.01)。根据睡眠时间9 h和视屏时间2 h两两组合进行分组,四组学生肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ²=28.51,P <0.01)。校正相关影响因素发现相较于睡眠时间＜9 h和视屏时间≥2 h的学生,睡眠时间≥9 h和视屏时间＜2 h的学生肥胖率更低[肥胖率37.25% vs 17.39%,OR=0.48(95%CI:0.28~0.81),P=0.011]。结论 仅27.83%的三~五年级小学生的睡眠时间达到国家卫生要求,每天睡眠时间≥9 h且视屏时间＜2 h的学生更不容易肥胖。在学生肥胖干预项目中应加强对睡眠及视屏时间的指导。     

社会资本与征地农转非城市新移民睡眠时长及睡眠质量相关性研究

目的 探讨社会资本与征地农转非城市新移民睡眠时长及睡眠质量的关系,为改善征地农转非城市新移民的睡眠状况提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,通过面对面问卷调查的方法收集资料,研究对象为15岁及以上征地农转非城市新移民。采用自行设计的量表测量社会资本,包括微观（个体、家庭）、中观（社区）和宏观3个层次。运用logistic回归分析探讨社会资本对睡眠时长和睡眠质量的影响。结果 本研究共纳入816名征地农转非城市新移民进行分析,调查居民平均睡眠时长（6.83±1.66）h,30.1%的居民睡眠质量差。控制性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、就业状况、患病情况等因素后,低家庭社会资本与睡眠时长＜6h相关（OR=1.624,95%CI:1.054~2.503）,低个体社会资本与睡眠质量差相关（OR=1.781,95%CI:1.253~2.530）。结论 微观社会资本与征地农转非城市新移民睡眠时长及睡眠质量相关。可以通过维持或扩展自身的社交网络、社区积极支持新移民社区参与和家庭建设以提高新移民微观社会资本,从而改善睡眠状况。     

上海地区小学生睡眠时间睡眠质量及影响因素研究

  目的  研究上海地区小学生睡眠时间和睡眠质量现状及影响因素,为该阶段学生提升睡眠健康的干预促进工作提供依据。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取上海市4个城区和4个郊区16所小学的3 410名学生进行问卷调查和体格检查。运用χ2检验进行定性资料的组间比较,用二元Logistic回归法分析睡眠质量的影响因素。  结果  上海地区小学生每日平均睡眠时间 < 10 h的比例有93.0%。睡眠质量不良的发生率为66.8%,其中女生为67.1%,男生为66.6%,发生率最高的3项睡眠问题依次为白天嗜睡(80.9%)、睡眠持续时间不规律(74.1%)以及睡眠焦虑(59.5%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年级、每天进行中等强度体力活动(OR=1.51,95%CI=1.04~2.21)以及每天步行10 min以上(OR=1.27,95%CI=1.08~1.50)是影响上海市小学生睡眠质量的主要因素(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  上海地区小学生睡眠时间不足和睡眠质量不良发生率高,且与年级和体力活动相关。低年级的睡眠健康干预重点是睡眠质量,而高年级的重点是睡眠时间,适度增加中等强度体力活动和步行运动是促进学生睡眠健康的重要措施。     

中学生视屏和睡眠时间与抑郁症状的相关性

  目的  了解南京市中学生抑郁症状现况,探讨视屏时间、睡眠时间与抑郁症状的关系,为预防青少年抑郁提供科学依据。  方法  分层整群随机选取南京市城区5所中学、郊县3所中学共2 010名学生,通过问卷调查中学生视屏时间和睡眠时间,应用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)评价抑郁症状。  结果  27.71%(557名)的中学生存在抑郁症状(CES-D≥16分)。Logistic回归分析显示,视屏时间>2 h/d(OR=1.90,95%CI=1.53~2.37)、睡眠时间 < 7 h/d(OR=2.54,95%CI=1.88~3.42)与抑郁症状发生风险增加有关。按视屏时间分层分析发现,睡眠时间 < 7 h/d与抑郁症状的关联在视屏时间>2 h/d组(OR=2.46,95%CI=1.64~3.71)高于视屏时间≤2 h/d组(OR=2.35,95%CI=1.51~3.65)。  结论  南京市中学生抑郁症状检出率较高,视屏时间长、睡眠时间少与抑郁症状风险增加相关。应重点关注视屏行为和睡眠不足联合暴露下青少年的心理健康。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者睡眠质量状况横断面调查

  目的  了解安徽省成年居民睡眠不足情况及其相关影响因素,为提高成年居民的睡眠质量提供参考依据。  方法  于2018年10 — 12月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在安徽省12个疾病监测点抽取7 344名成年常住居民进行问卷调查,并应用复杂加权和事后分层权重的方法分析不同特征成年居民睡眠不足流行情况及其影响因素。  结果  安徽省成年居民日均睡眠时间为（7.5 ± 1.8）h;最终纳入分析的7 253名成年居民中,睡眠不足者2240人,睡眠不足率为24.5 %;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄 ≥ 45岁、自评健康状况为一般和差/非常差是安徽省成年居民睡眠不足的危险因素,文化程度初中及以上是安徽省成年居民睡眠不足的保护因素。  结论  安徽省成年居民睡眠不足率较高,年龄、文化程度和自评健康状况是该地区成年居民睡眠不足的主要影响因素。     

Short sleep duration and body mass index: a prospective longitudinal study in preadolescence

Short sleep duration is associated with incidence of overweight and obesity in preadolescent children. The authors performed regression analyses on data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (1986-1987), a prospective cohort study comprising 1,916 preadolescent children in Canada. The aim was to assess associations between time spent in bed and body mass index reported by mothers after adjusting for numerous confounding factors, such as pubertal status. Time-in-bed and body mass index trajectories were computed using a semiparametric model mixture. Time-in-bed trajectories were classified as short (15% of the preadolescents), 10.5-hour (68%), and 11-hour (17%) sleep-duration trajectories, decreasing over time. Body mass index trajectories were classified as normal weight (68% of the preadolescents), overweight (27%), and obese (5%). The short sleep trajectory was associated with an increased odds ratio of being in the overweight body mass index trajectory (odds ratio (OR)=1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39, 1.71) or in the obese body mass index trajectory (OR=3.26, 95% CI: 3.20, 3.29) compared with the 11-hour trajectory. One hour less of sleep per night at 10 years of age was associated with an increased odds ratio of being overweight (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.76) or obese (OR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.84) at 13 years of age.     

重庆沙坪坝中小学生睡眠时间与超重肥胖的相关性分析

目的探讨中小学生睡眠时间与超重肥胖的关系,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法利用多阶段整群抽样方法,于2018年12月至2019年1月,对重庆沙坪坝8所中小学,共5 306名在校学生,进行睡眠时间与超重肥胖的调查分析。结果该区中小学生平均睡眠时间为9.21 h,不同性别、学段和区域的学生,睡眠时间差异均有统计学意义;学生睡眠时间在<8 h,8～8.9 h,9～9.9 h和≥10 h的构成,分别为13.47%,25.63%,29.95%和30.95%,差异有统计学意义。工作日平均入睡时间为21:00,周末节假日为22:00;工作日平均睡眠时间为8.87 h小时,周末为10.05 h,差异均有统计学意义。中小学生超重与肥胖检出率分别为15.49%和9.18%,超重肥胖检出率随睡眠时间的缩短而升高,差异有统计学意义。调整了性别、学段和区域等因素后,以睡眠时间≥10 h作参照,发现周末节假日睡眠不足是肥胖的危险因素,睡眠时间<8 h的OR值为1.81(1.09～2.86),<9 h的OR值为1.58(1.12～2.19)。结论周末节假日睡眠不足是肥胖的危险因素,应重点改善学生周末节...