蛋白激酶C活性、表达及亚细胞分布与KBV200细胞多药耐药相关性的研究

目的研究多药耐药肿瘤细胞PKC活性、PKC亚型的表达和亚细胞分布与KBV200细胞多药耐药的关系。方法MTT法检测敏感株KB和耐药株KBV200细胞的耐药性；印掺入法测定PKC的活性；Western blot法检测KBV200及其亲本KB细胞株PKC亚型的表达和亚细胞分布。结果长春新碱（VCK）和阿霉素（ADK）对KBV200细胞的IC50值分别高于KB细胞（P〈0．01）；耐药指数（RI）分别为65．03和19．8。KBV200细胞的膜组分、浆组分的PKC活性均较KB细胞高,KBV200细胞的总PKC活性是KB细胞的2．12倍。Western blot结果发现KBV200和KB细胞膜组分及浆组分均有PKCq的表达，且KBV200细胞的表达较KB明显增强。PMA可升高KBV200细胞的PKC总活性和膜组分PKC活性，降低浆组分PKC活性、表达（P〈0．01）；PMA可升高VCR、ADK对KBV200细胞的IC50值（P〈0．01）。SP可降低PKC活性；SP预孵育使PKCα膜组分和浆组分的表达均降低，可降低VCR、ADK对KBV200细胞的IC50值（P〈0．01）。结论KBV200细胞的PKC活性、表达、亚细胞分布与KB细胞有明显差别，这种差别可能与KBV200耐药性的变化密切相关，在PKC亚型中，PKCα的表达明显高于其他亚型，且高于亲本株，提示KBV200细胞中PKCα与多药耐药相关。     

KBV200细胞多药耐药与蛋白激酶C表达上调的关系

目的 研究KBV200多药耐药细胞蛋白激酶C(PKC)的表达,探讨PKC的表达上调与肿瘤多药耐药的关系。方法 KBV200细胞分对照组和佛波酯(PMA)组,PMA组应用200nmol/L的PMA预孵育细胞,而对照组不用。³²P掺入法测定多药耐药KBV200细胞株的PKC活性,通过Westernblotting检测PKC各亚型表达和亚细胞分布。用MTT法检测细胞耐药性。结果 PMA预孵育可提高KBV200细胞的PKC总活性和膜组分PKC活性,降低浆组分PKC活性(P<0.01)。PMA预孵育使膜组分PKCα表达增加,浆组分PKCα表达降低,膜组分PKCβ无明显变化,浆组分PKCβ的表达稍增强。PMA可升高长春新碱、阿霉素对KBV200细胞的IC₅₀值(P<0.01)。结论 PMA使KBV200细胞耐药性增加,可能与PKC表达上调有关。     

KBV200细胞多药耐药与蛋白激酶C表达上调的关系

目的 研究KBV200多药耐药细胞蛋白激酶C（PKC）的表达，探讨PKC的表达上调与肿瘤多药耐药的关系。方法KBV200细胞分对照组和佛波酯（PMA）组，PMA组应用200nmol/L的PMA预孵育细胞．而对照组不用。^32P掺入法测定多药耐药KBV200细胞株的PKC活性，通过Western blotting检测PKC各亚型表达和亚细胞分布。用MTT法检测细胞耐药性。结果PMA预孵育可提高KBV200细胞的PKC总活性和膜组分PKC活性，降低浆组分PKC活性（P〈0．01）。PMA预孵育使膜组分PKCa表达增加，浆组分PKCa表达降低，膜组分PKCβ无明显变化，浆组分PKCB的表达稍增强。PMA可升高长春新碱、阿霉素对KBV200细胞的IC50值（P〈0．01）。结论PMA使KBV200细胞耐药性增加，可能与PKC表达上调有关。     

KBV200细胞多药耐药与蛋白激酶C亚型表达的关系

目的探讨蛋白激酶C(proteinkinaseC,PKC)亚型与KBV200肿瘤细胞多药耐药(multidrugresistance,MDR)的关系。方法(1)用Westernblotting法检测PKC亚型在耐药株KBV200及敏感株KB的表达及亚细胞分布;(2)流式细胞仪检测PKC亚型的荧光强度并对数据进行统计分析。结果(1)PKCα亚型的表达在KBV200中选择性升高,而PKCβ、ε无显著变化,PKCγ、ζ则未测出表达;(2)流式细胞仪检测发现KBV200细胞的PKCα的荧光强度较KB细胞显著升高,PKCβ、ε则无显著差别。结论PKC与KBV200MDR细胞株的MDR表型关系密切。在PKC亚型中,PKCα可能在KBV200细胞的MDR表型中起重要作用。     

KBV2000细胞多药耐药蛋白激酶C亚型表达的关系

目的 探讨蛋白激酶C(protein kinaseC，PKC）亚型与KBV200肿瘤细胞多药耐药（multidrug resistance，MDR）的关系。方法 （1）用Western blotting法检测PKC亚型在耐药株KBV200及敏感株KB的表达及亚细胞分布；（2）流式细胞仪检测PKC亚型的荧光强度并对数据进行统计分析。结果 （1）PKCα亚型的表达在KBV200中选择性升高，而PKCβ、ε无显著变化，PKCγ、ζ则未测出表达；（2）流式细胞仪检测发现KBV200细胞的PKCα的荧光强度较KB细胞显著升高，PKCβ、ε则无显著差别。结论 PKC与KBV200MDR细胞株的MDR表型关系密切。在PKC亚型中，PKCα可能在KBV200细胞的MDR表型中起重要作用。     

多药耐药基因MDR1在Ph(+)急性淋巴细胞白血病伊马替尼耐药细胞株SUP-B15/RI耐药形成中的作用

目的研究多药耐药基因MDR1在Ph(+)急性淋巴细胞白血病〔Ph(+)ALL〕伊马替尼(IM)耐药细胞株SUP-B15/RI耐药机制中的作用。方法 RT-PCR技术检测敏感细胞株SUP-B15和IM耐药细胞株SUP-B15/RI MDR1mRNA表达,改良MTT法测定IM、柔红霉素(DNR)、长春新碱(VCR)、依托泊甙(VP-16)单药及联合维拉帕米作用于SUP-B15细胞和SUP-B15/RI细胞72h后增殖活性的改变,计算抑制率为50%时的药物浓度(IC50),DNR药物外排实验检测MDR1表达产物P-gp功能。结果 MDR1基因在SUP-B15/RI中的表达是敏感细胞SUP-B15的(2.02±0.04)倍(P<0.05)。IM、DNR、VCR、VP-16单药作用于SUP-B15/RI细胞的IC50值较SUP-B15细胞增高(P<0.05),相对耐药倍数(RF)分别为(20.52±2.34)、(10.33±1.88)、(9.78±1.27)、(3.84±0.69)倍。IM、DNR、VCR、VP-16与维拉帕米联合作用于SUP-B15/RI细胞后IC50值较单药时降低(P<0.05),耐药逆转倍数分别为(1.44±0.43)、(3.20±0.17)、(1.44±0.12)、(1.33±0.14)。P-gp蛋白功能在SUP-B15/RI细胞强于SUP-B15细胞,DNR泵出率分别为10.27%、3.43%。结论 MDR1基因在SUP-B15/RI细胞中表达增加,其表达产物P-gp功能增强,P-gp抑制剂维拉帕米可以部分逆转IM耐药。说明MDR1参与SUP-B15/RI细胞IM耐药机制的形成。     

NK/LAK细胞对人口腔癌耐细胞药株杀伤活性的观察

目的明确免疫活性细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性是否与肿瘤的耐药性相关。方法采用连续形态学观察及MTT比色法,研究淋巴因子激活的杀伤(LAK)细胞及自然杀伤(NK)细胞,对人口腔癌耐药细胞株KBV200耐药性逆转前后及亲本敏感株KB的杀伤活性。(1)在肿瘤细胞与LAK细胞共育后3 h内连续在倒置显微镜下观察LAK细胞对上述3者的杀瘤效应;(2)采用MTT比色法检测NK及LAK对3株细胞的杀伤率。结果与KB细胞组相比,在KBV200和KBV200 维拉帕米组,LAK细胞出现在靶细胞周围的时间早、数量多,伸出伪足的LAK细胞比率高,出现集落样细胞团块时间亦早。NK、LAK细胞对KBV200细胞株耐药性逆转前后的杀伤率均明显高于敏感株KB(P<0.05),而对耐药株耐药性逆转前后的杀伤率无统计学差异(P>0.05);LAK对各株的杀伤活力均明显强于NK细胞(P<0.05)。结论免疫活性细胞对KBV200细胞株有较强的杀伤作用,逆转耐药性不降低免疫活性细胞杀伤活力,提示细胞过继免疫治疗可能成为控制化疗耐药病人病情发展的一个有效手段。     

Bcl-2基因在口腔上皮癌多药耐药细胞的表达

[目的]通过检测Bcl-2基因在口腔上皮癌敏感细胞株（KB）与多药耐药细胞株（KBV）的表达差异,探讨Bcl-2基因在口腔上皮癌细胞多药耐药性发生中的作用。[方法]体外培养口腔上皮癌多药耐药株及敏感株,通过RT-PCR法及免疫荧光法检测Bcl-2基因在KB及KBV细胞中转录及翻译水平的差异,通过MTT法及流式细胞检测技术检测KB及KBV细胞对长春新碱（VCR）敏感度的差异。[结果]免疫荧光图像显示Bcl-2蛋白在KB细胞中弱表达,而在KBV细胞中强表达;RT-PCR检测结果显示,KB细胞Bcl-2/β-actin比值是25.0%,KBV组Bcl-2/β-actin比值为36.1%,两组细胞间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;MTT法检测结果显示KBV组细胞对长春新碱的耐药性为KB组的16.5倍,流式细胞仪检测结果显示KB细胞凋亡率达（98.8±1.2）%;KBV细胞凋亡率达（23.5±2.1）%,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。[结论]Bcl-2基因与口腔上皮癌耐药性的发生密切相关。     

葡萄糖神经酰胺合酶基因在多药耐药肿瘤细胞株KBV200的表达及其与肿瘤多药耐药性的关系

目的 观察葡萄糖神经酰胺合酶(glucosylceramide synthase，GCS)基因在人口腔表皮样癌多药耐药细胞株KBV200的表达及其与肿瘤多药耐药性(MDR)的关系。方法 采用RT-PCR分析KBV200及其亲本KB细胞株GCS基因表达的差异，运用MTT法分析KBV200经糖脂合成酶抑制剂苯基棕榈酰胺吗啡丙醇(DL-PPMP)及钙离子通道阻滞剂异搏定处理前后细胞MDR的变化，应用RT-PCR技术检测KBV200细胞耐药逆转后GCS及mdr1基因的表达。结果 KBV200细胞GCS和mdr1基因的表达明显强于KB细胞，而KB细胞mdr1基因表达为阴性。5～25umol／L DL-PPMP均可抑制KBV200 GCS mRNA表达，25umol／L时抑制强度最大；10umol／L异搏定即可抑制KBV200 GCS mRNA表达，15umol／L时抑制作用明显。DL-PPMP和异搏定均可抑制mdr1基因的表达，KBV200经25umol／L DL-PIMP作用48h后细胞内mdr1表达为阴性。结论 异搏定和DL-PPMP对GCS和mdr1基因表达的抑制调节呈浓度依赖性，它们可通过抑制GCS和mdr1基因表达，逆转KBV200对长春新碱的耐药。KBV200 GCS基因的表达与MDR存在正相关，GCS基因可能在肿瘤的多药耐药过程中起着重要作用。     

EGCG对裸鼠移植瘤中人口腔表皮样癌耐药细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)增敏长春新碱(VCR)对人口腔表皮样癌多药耐药细胞株KBV200裸鼠移植瘤的抑瘤作用及与瘤细胞凋亡的关系.方法:采用KBV200接种于裸鼠皮下,建立耐药肿瘤模型;2周后,EGCG和VCR腹腔注射,联合处理2周;免疫组化法检测瘤组织Bcl-2,Bax的表达;TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡; 流式细胞仪进行细胞周期分析;透射电镜观察瘤组织细胞超微结构的改变.结果:EGCG联合VCR处理治疗后瘤重、肿瘤相对体积明显低于对照组和VCR组(P<0.05),且与EGCG的剂量呈正相关;低、中、高EGCG联合 VCR组Bcl-2的表达明显低于VCR组(P<0.01);低、中、高EGCG联合 VCR组Bax蛋白的表达明显高于VCR组(P<0.01);TUNEL法低、中、高EGCG联合 VCR组凋亡指数明显高于VCR组,与EGCG呈剂量依赖关系; 流式细胞技术显示低、中、高EGCG联合 VCR组G2/M期细胞高于VCR组(P<0.01); 电镜下三个联合用药组瘤组织中可见较多典型的细胞凋亡的形态学表现.结论:EGCG在体内具有增敏VCR对KBV200移植瘤的杀伤作用.机制可能是通过下调Bcl-2蛋白,上调Bax蛋白的表达,从而促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.