心率及重建相位窗对多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响

目的 探讨心率及重建相位窗对多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响。方法 80例健康体检者行16层螺旋CT回顾性心电门控条件下冠状动脉造影。结果 每位患者的4条冠状动脉分支(左冠状动脉主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉)分别用于图像质量分析。心率≤60次／min者，有82．1％(46／56支)的图像可用于诊断；心率61～70次／min者，有63．4％(104／164支)的图像可用于诊断；心率71～80次/min者，有41．20h，(28／68支)的图像可用于诊断；心率80次／min以上者有31．2％(10／32支)的图像可用于诊断。左冠状动脉前降支在60％～70％的重建相位窗时图像质量最佳，左冠状动脉回旋支在50％～60％时最佳，右冠状动脉重建相位窗为50％～70％较满意。结论心率及重建相位窗对多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量有重要影响作用。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量控制

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量的影响因素.方法:82例患者行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查,评价不同心率、心动周期内不同R-R时相重建图像、不同注射方式的冠脉成像质量.结果:心率＜65次/min的55例患者中,有45例(81.8%)冠脉成像质量较优;心率≥65次/min的27例中仅10例(37%)冠脉重建图像较满意.两者间有明显的统计学显著性差异(P＜0.001).63例(76.8%)于心动周期的60%R-R间期重建图像质量最佳,仅10例(12.2%)于50%的R-R间期、9例(11%)于70%的R-R间期显示较佳.60%R-R间期分别与50%的R-R间期及70%的R-R间期重建图像间均有统计学显著性差异(P＜0.001).双相注射成像效果明显优于单相注射.结论:检查前控制好患者心率(＜65次/min)、选择最佳的重建时相窗(60% R-R间期)、双相注射对比剂等有利于提高冠脉的成像质量.     

心率对64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量的影响及对策

目的:探讨心率对64排CT冠状动脉成像质量的影响,以及运用多时相重建、多点重建、心电图(ECG)编辑等技术的价值。方法:353例患者行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,对75%R-R间期重建图像上存在伪影的202例,进行多时相重建和/或多点重建和/或ECG编辑再重建。根据心率及心率变化分组,评价不同心率、不同心率波动时和采用3种重建方法时的图像质量。结果:本组中心率≤65bpm组图像合格率为98.3%,66~70bpm组为94.2%,>70bpm组为69.2%。心率>70bpm组和/或心率变化大于10%时图像质量均显著下降(P<0.01)。59.3%(35/59)不可评价图像经多时相重建和/或多点重建和/或ECG编辑再重建后成为可评价图像。结论:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像时,心率低于70bpm且波动小于10%能获得较好的图像质量;心率>70bpm和/或波动>10%者,应用多时相重建、多点重建和ECG编辑再重建能明显提高图像质量。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影初探

目的:探索不同心率下16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的重建技术及效果.材料和方法:40例疑诊冠状动脉疾患者采用东芝Aquilion16层机行冠状动脉造影,扫描层厚1mm,HP3.2～4.0,非离子型碘剂70～100ml,注射速率2.5～3.5ml/s,延迟22～25s,原始数据用Half和Segement两种方法重建,在VitrealII图形工作站上完成容积显示(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)、仿真内镜、血管分析等后处理.结果:心率50～70次/min组冠状动脉显示最佳图像为Half重建的80%R-R间期,心率70次/min以上组冠状动脉显示最佳图像为Segment重建的50%R-R间期.16层CT血管造影显示冠状动脉较好,其中左前降支最佳.结论:合适的重建方法和重建间期可以帮助16层CT冠状动脉造影获得满意的冠状动脉图像.     

64层CT冠状动脉成像最佳重建时间窗的探讨

目的 :探讨不同心率及不同重建时相对64层CT冠状动脉血管成像图像质量的影响。方法:收集90例临床疑诊冠心病患者的冠状动脉CTA检查资料。按扫描时平均心率分组,对心动周期的R-R相位30%~90%间期,每间隔5%重建后进行血管分析及评分,获得回顾性心电门控最佳重建时相,并评价不同心率时的图像质量。结果:冠状动脉图像质量随心率增加而降低,两者呈负相关。心率70次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时间窗为R-R间期的70%~75%;心率70~79次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时相为R-R间期的60%~70%;心率80次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时相为R-R间期的40%~50%。左前降支在70%和75%R-R重建时相显示最佳,左回旋支在70%R-R时相显示最佳,而右冠状动脉在50%R-R时相显示最佳。结论 :选择最佳重建时相、合理控制心率能够减轻运动伪影,明显提高冠状动脉成像质量,其中准确选择回顾性心电门控最佳重建时相是保证图像质量、准确诊断的重要因素。     

64层探测器CT冠状动脉成像依据不同心率的最佳重建方案

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像不同心率下冠状动脉各节段血管的最佳重建时相。方法:对61例患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,扫描后原始数据分别按R-R间期30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、60%、70%、75%的相位进行后处理重组,按扫描期间平均心率分组,Ⅰ组30例,心率70次/min;Ⅱ组31例,心率≥70次/min。分析不同心率组不同R-R时相对各支冠状动脉血管的显示情况。结果:Ⅰ组的所有的冠状动脉节段可以在单一的75%相位上获得最佳图像质量;Ⅱ组的所有冠状动脉可以在单一的45%或40%的相位上获得最佳图像质量,多时相重建并不能显著提高图像质量。结论:随着64层螺旋CT时间分辨率的充分发展,所有冠状动脉节段能在一个重建时相得到有诊断价值的图像,多时相重建并不能显著提高图像质量。     

心率对16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响

目的探讨心率对16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响。方法80例健康体检者行16层螺旋CT回顾性心电门控条件下冠状动脉造影。每位患者的4条冠状动脉分支(左冠状动脉主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉)分别用于图像质量分析。结果心率≤65次/m in有89.3%(100/112支)的图像可用于诊断;心率66~80次/m in有81.1%(198/244支)的图像可用于诊断;心率>80次/m in有64.3%(36/56支)的图像可用于诊断;心律不齐或前后波动>5次/m in有25%(8/32支)的血管可用于诊断。结论MSCTCA图像质量受心率影响,并与之呈负相关。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉图像质量控制研究:最佳重组时相与心率关系

目的量化评估64层螺旋CT冠状动脉各分支不同重组时相图像质量,探讨冠状动脉CT成像最佳重组时相与心率关系。资料与方法102例患者均采用64层螺旋CT回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像,男68例,女34例,平均年龄(58.1±9.7)岁,平均心率(66.4±11.5)次/min。心率<65次/min(n=43)为Ⅰ组,65～75次/min(n=34)为Ⅱ组,>75次/min(n=25)为Ⅲ组,每例患者的4支冠状动脉(左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉)共分为12个节段用于图像质量分析。扫描原始数据以间隔5%在20%～80%时相分别回顾性重组冠状动脉图像,采用横断位、曲面重组、容积再现等方法对图像质量综合评分。结果Ⅰ组60%、65%和70%为最佳时相,Ⅱ组60%、65%时相为最佳时相,Ⅲ组右冠状动脉较优时相为35%、40%,左冠状动脉较优时相为60%、65%。结论心率和重组时相的选择是决定冠状动脉图像质量的重要因素。平均心率≤75次/min,冠状动脉各分支图像质量在心脏运动的舒张中期(60%、65%)最佳;>75次/min时,左右冠状动脉分别进行重组能明显提高冠状动脉的成像质量。     

影响多层面螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量因素的分析

目的 :分析影响多层面螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量的因素。材料和方法 :5 0例患者分为心率≤ 60次 /min和心率 >60次 /min 2组 ,进行多层面螺旋CT扫描。根据重建冠状动脉图像质量 ,分为能用于评价和不能用于评价两类。结果 :心率≤ 60次 /min 2 2例 ,88支冠状动脉和心率 >60次 /min 2 8例 ,112支冠状动脉 ,不能评价的分别为 12 ( 14 % )支和 41( 3 7% )支。不能评价的 5 3支包括右冠状动脉 2 4( 4 5 % )支、左冠状动脉回旋支 14 ( 2 6% )支、左冠状动脉前降支 9( 17% )支、左冠状动脉主干 6( 11% )支。不能评价的因素包括运动伪影、未完全屏气、心律不齐、相位窗和延迟时间不当。结论 :运动伪影是影响图像质量的主要因素。     

前瞻性门控技术在双源CT冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的 评价前瞻性门控扫描技术减低X线辐射的效能及前瞻性门控低剂量扫描冠状动脉CT成像技术的应用价值.方法 通过使用双源64排CT机,对50例心率≤70次/min患者行前瞻性门控,50例心率≤70次/min及50例心率＞70次/min患者行回顾性门控扫描模式下冠状动脉CT成像,对成像质量和X线剂量进行对比研究,经统计学处理分析2种扫描模式冠状动脉CT成像的图像质量差异及X线剂量差异.结果 2种扫描模式下冠状动脉CT成像的图像质量差异无统计学意义,前瞻性门控组中图像质量积分3分以上均达98%以上,全部病例图像质量均能满足诊断要求;2种扫描模式下X线剂量参数总剂量长度乘积值、总有效剂量差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001); 前瞻性门控扫描较回顾性门控扫描下心率＞70次/min及心率≤70次/min的X线总有效剂量分别下降75.15%及79.56%.结论 当受检者心率≤70次/min时,可选择时间窗为R-R间期70%前瞻性门控扫描,图像质量优良,并且能大幅度降低冠状动脉成像X线辐射剂量.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.