血吸虫病史人群血球间接血凝试验监测分析

血吸虫病史人群血球间接血凝试验监测分析程世纲１查明２李胜３（１怀宁县月山血防组２４６１３１２安庆市血防所）怀宁县月山镇奇隆村原属血吸虫病湖沼型重度流行村，经多年防治，消灭钉螺面积已达９５．３％，十年未查出感染性钉螺，人群血吸虫病感染已基本控制，村民粪...     

2005-2007年江阴市血吸虫病监测点疫情分析

江阴市已达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准，为了巩固血吸虫病防治（血防）成果，探索一条血吸虫病传播阻断地区血防监测的成功之路，我们于2005-2007年选择在江阴临港新城石庄办事处开展血防监测试点工作，现将2005-2007年血吸虫病疫情监测结果报告如下。     

江山市2003-2012年血吸虫病监测结果分析

目的分析江山市血吸虫病10年监测资料,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采取普查和轮查形式在历史流行区和部分非历史流行区,以5m系统抽样结合环境抽查法监测钉螺,以压碎镜检法检查钉螺感染情况;以土埋为主结合药物方法灭螺;对当年有螺村居民、流动人口、耕牛等用血清学检查结合尼龙绢袋集卵孵化法监测传染源。结果江山市钉螺面积2003年12.27hm^2,2007年增至31.62hm^2;经灭螺防治,2012年钉螺面积减至1.97hm^2。累计血清学监测61 911人（其中流动人口6 893人）,阳性率0.87%;粪检查出血吸虫毛蚴4人,均属输入性急性感染;耕牛血清学监测0.98%（51/5 190）,粪检均阴性。结论血防工作卓有成效,但是残存钉螺的存在和外来传染源的输入不容忽视。应继续落实综合性防治措施,巩固血防成果。     

上海市青浦区基本消灭血吸虫病后的巩固监测

青浦区是全国10个血吸虫病严重流行区（县）之一，自1950年开展血吸虫病防治工作，全区有螺面积达7429万余平方米，占全市有螺面积的44．6％；累计历史病人15．7万余人，占全市患病人数的20．7％；累计晚期血吸虫病人6014人，占全市患病人数的29．3％。经达30多年的综合治理，于1983年全区达到消灭血吸虫病标准，实现了梦寐以求的愿望。1984年全面进入巩固监测阶段，通过系统的螺情、病情监测，1990年、1999年巩固监测工作效果调查，1994年市组织的血防大会战及2003年市组织有关专家对全区春季全面查螺，并进行质控检验，结果均未发现钉螺，进一步肯定了我区血防监测工作的巩固成果。在青浦区血吸虫病监测工作取得成果的同时，今后的巩固监测工作仍然是长期而艰巨的，这是由于现代查螺的局限性和钉螺繁殖力很强的生态特点所决定，内源性残存钉螺还可能存在。毗邻地区和有螺区域水生植物频繁流入，并可能带入钉螺。同时，全国部分地区血吸虫病疫情回升，消灭血吸虫病毗邻地区钉螺又出现反复的严峻形势，因此，必须加强血防监测工作的重视力度，坚持“肃清内患、防止外来”的原则，做好中间宿主——钉螺的查灭；切实加强外来流动人口“三病”检疫的力度和覆盖面，继续深入完善农村改厕工作，建立行之有效的监管机制，全面地做好各个环节的预防工作，从而继续稳固的保证本区血吸虫病防制工作的成果。     

南汇区1996-2006年血吸虫病疫情分析

目的掌握上海市南汇区达到阻断血吸虫病传播标准后血吸虫病流行及影响因素，为巩固成果和评价防治效果，预测流行趋势，制定防治策略提供依据。方法建立血吸虫病监测系统，进行螺情和病情的同步监测。结果1996～2006年查螺水面积达6578203m^2，发现钉螺面积270m^2，没有发现阳性钉螺；检查外来流动人员139091人，抗体阳性率为0．17％，对抗体阳性者进行病原追踪，在2005年查获1例血吸虫病输入病例；调查39995头耕乳牛情况，未发现感染血吸虫病牛；南汇区没有发现内源性血吸虫病人，小面积的残存钉螺及时得到有效消灭，也未见输人性钉螺；征兵、招生等新感染监测均未发现病人；居民和学生血防知识的知晓率分别为80％和75％。结论螺情仍有反复，故要加大监测，尤其是与有螺区县共用河道地区的监测力度，以便做到早发现、早控制。该地区病情监测的重点应是外来流动人员。     

科学防治综合治理扎实做好血吸虫病防治工作

镇江市丹徒区是历史上血吸虫病流行的重灾区。新中国成立后．各级党委政府非常重视血防工作．依靠群众．发动群众，经过多年坚持不懈的努力．于1978年达到基本消灭血吸虫病的标准．后来由于种种原因．钉螺面积逐年上升．新感染病人时有发生。面对如此严峻的形势，从20世纪90年代开始．特别是我区1997年被确定为江苏省血防试点区后，我区各级政府加强了对血防工作的领导．坚持“综合治理．科学防治”的方针．以消灭阳性钉螺、易感地带钉螺和控制血吸虫病急性感染为目标．采取综合性防治措施．使血吸虫病回升的势头得到了有效遏制．血防工作取得了明显成效．     

宜昌市1956—2012年血吸虫病防治措施与效果

目的分析宜昌市1956—2012年血吸虫病防治措施及效果,为调整、优化防治策略提供依据。方法对宜昌市1956—2012年各个防治阶段传染源调查及控制、钉螺调查与控制、健康教育、综合防治等防治措施实施情况以及人群发病率（数）、耕牛发病率（数）、钉螺及感染螺面积等疫情变化的防治效果进行综合分析。结果病人数、病牛数及钉螺面积大幅下降,人群、耕牛及钉螺感染控制在零水平,实现并巩固了传播阻断达标成果,但存在疫情回升导致再度流行的潜在威胁。结论宜昌市57年的血吸虫病防治措施成效显著,但需进一步加强巩固监测,尤其是可能引起疫情复燃和对库区等潜在流行区带来风险的输入性传染源和钉螺。     

2005-2012年常山县血吸虫病监测点监测结果分析

目的分析常山县国家级血吸虫病监测点2005-2012年疫情状况,为制定血吸虫病防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》,每年对常山县国家级血吸虫病监测点开展病情、螺情监测,并进行相关流行因素调查。结果在2005-2012年期间,监测点仅在2006年发现1例输入性急性血吸虫病病人,未发现本地急性感染和新感染病人(畜)。8年累计发现有螺面积14 520 m2,活螺2 559只,未查到感染性钉螺。结论监测点疫情稳定,有少量残存钉螺,仍存在引起血吸虫病重新传播流行的潜在危险,应重点加强本地螺情和输入性传染源的监测,继续探索推进查灭螺运行机制,全面提升查螺队伍整体素质,巩固血防三无成果。     

定点螺情监测及效果考核

定点螺情监测及效果考核殷元章，薛建中血吸虫病消灭后，如何继续开展螺情监测工作，这对巩固血防成果具有十分重要的意义。我们于１９８７～１９９３年在钱圩镇采用定点观察法进行钉螺监测，并对其效果进行了考核。一、定点监测方法１．以行政村的村民小组（生产队）为单...     

再论血防健康教育

再论血防健康教育（２２４６００）江苏省如东县卫生防疫站缪平健康教育是血吸虫病防治工作的重要组成部分，我国血防工作开展已近４０年，健康教育工作在其中发挥了重要的作用，收到了很好的效果。目前，我国不少地区已达消灭血吸虫病标准，转入巩固监测阶段。血防工作是...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.