Effects of Prostaglandins and Indomethacin on the Response of Rat Testis to LH in vivo

In adult male rats, bilateral intratesticular administration of 20 μg PGA₁ or 20 μg indomethacin significantly reduced the acute stimulation of plasma testosterone levels by concomitantly injected LH, while treatment with the same dose of PGF_2α was without effect. After six days of treatment with indomethacin, plasma testosterone levels were reduced to approximately 1/3 of the control levels.
Intratesticular administration of 10 μg LH per testis per day produced, after six days, a precipitous decline in plasma testosterone levels and a decrease in the weight of the testes. This was probably due to desensitization of Leydig cells by these high doses of gonadotropin. Administration of PGF_2α together with LH caused a further decrease in testicular weight and a significant reduction in the weights of the prostate and the seminal vesicles.     

Morphological and Histochemical Observations on the Prenatal and Postnatal Testes of the Field Rat (Millardia meltada)

The foetal testis of the field rat (Millardia meltada) shows seminiferous tubules and interstitium consisting of mesenchymal cells and differentiated Leydig cells associated with blood vessels. The tubules during the prenatal period show gonocytes and Sertoli cells. After birth, their diameter decreases but again increases progressively after postnatal days 9 and 10. Spermatogonia appear among the gonocytes on postnatal day 1 and primary spermatocytes on day 8. Secondary spermatocytes and spermatids are not seen up-to-day 23. Several hypertrophied Leydig cells are seen in the foetal testis on day 17 but are greatly increased in number on days 18 and 19. A few hours after birth the Leydig cells show a rapid decrease in their number. These fluctuations in the Leydig cells of prenatal and neonatal testes have been correlated to the rise and fall in testosterone production during these periods. The Leydig cells show the histochemical characteristics of actively steroid-secreting cells, which consist of the presence of diffuse lipoproteins and a few lipid granules consisting of phospholipids; no cholesterol and/or its esters could be demonstrated. Such lipids are not present in the cytoplasm of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The seminiferous tubules do not show any appreciable development of lipid changes.     

Effect of Age and Hypophysectomy on FSH Binding by Rat Testes*

Der Einfluß des Alters und der Hypophysektomie auf die FSH-Bindung durch den Rattenhoden In verschiedenen Altersstufen (10-90 Tage) und in verschiedenen Intervallen (bis zu 37 Tagen) nach Hypophysektomie wurde die Bindung von ¹²⁵ I-FSH durch den Rattenhoden untersucht. Es kann festgestellt werden, daß die Anzahl der FSH-Rezeptoren/mg Hodengewebe vom 10.–15. Tage anstieg und anschließend bis zum 40. Tage rückläufig war. Dennoch stieg die Gesamtzahl der FSH-Rezeptoren pro Hoden von 0,033 ± 0,002 pmol am 10. Tage auf 0,443 ±0,017 pmol am 83. Versuchstage an. Weil die FSH-Rezeptoren im Hoden auf die Sertoli-Zellen begrenzt sind, die zahlenmäßig nicht nach dem 15. Tage zunehmen, legen die Daten der Autoren dar, daß ein signifikanter Anstieg der Anzahl von FSH-Rezeptoren pro Sertoli-Zelle während der Sexualentwicklung nachzuweisen ist. Die Assoziationskonstante blieb während der sexuellen Reifung und nach der Hypophysektomie stabil. Weiterhin blieb die Anzahl der FSH-Rezeptoren pro mg Gewebe bis zu 37 Tagen nach der Hypophysektomie unverändert. Während jedoch das Hodengewicht in der postoperativen Phase abfiel, ging die Gesamtzahl der Rezeptoren pro Hoden von einem Ausgangswert von 0,573 ± 0,029 pmol auf 0,059 ± 0,008 pmol am 37. Tage ebenfalls zurück. Das könnte die Folge eines direkten Einflusses der Hypophysektomie auf die Rezeptoren oder aber Folge eines Verlustes an Sertoli-Zellen bzw. deren Cytoplasma sein.     

Possible Vascular Effects of an LH-RH Agonist on the Peripheral Circulation of the Rat Testes

The single injection of an LH-RH agonist caused severe damage to the rat testis within 24 hours. Especially the seminiferous tubules appear to be affected whereby these effects are thought to be secondary to vascular effects of LH-RH agonists.     

Effects of Dexamethasone and Testosterone Propionate on LH Response to Gonadoliberin (LRH) in Young Post-Pubertal Bulls

LH and testosterone responses to gonadoliberin (LRH) were studied after previous dexamethasone and testosterone propionate combined treatment (treated group) compared with a single dexamethasone previous treatment (control group) in 12 Montbéliarde bulls aged 15 months. This experiment was performed on two occaisions 6 months apart according to the same schedule. They included each time 6 bulls, treated with intramuscular injections of 400 mg testosterone propionate and 6 hours later 0.25 mg gonadoliberin together with the other 3 bulls. Testosterone propionate did not influence the mean LH response to gonadoliberin although mean testosterone levels before gonadoliberin injection was very low in the controls. These data suggest that (1) the previously reported depressing effect of dexamethasone on LH is not mediated by the low peripheral testosterone level and (2) under the conditions of this study, there is no short term effect of testosterone at the pituitary level.     

Effect of Estradiol Benzoate on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in the Intact Male Rat

Adult male rats were treated with 50 microgram of estradiol benzoate daily for 28 days. The sex organs and pituitary weights showed changes classically associated with estrogen treatment. Both plasma and testicular testosterone levels diminished to almost trace level 24 hours after the first estrogen injection and remained at that level throughout the experimental period. The pituitary LH levels and concentration showed a progressive decline; however, the plasma LH levels remained unchanged throught the experimental period. These findings suggest that in intact adult males, estrogen affects testicular testosterone production directly. These observation suggests the necessity for reevaluation of the current concepts concerned with testis-pituitary feedback mechanisms.     

The Effect of Indomethacin Upon Experimental Fractures in the Rat

The effect of Indomethacin upon the process of fracture repair and osteogenesis in bone isografts has been studied in the rat. It was found that the drug had no significant effect upon new bone formation in heterotopic bone grafts. It had no effect upon the osteogenesis in repairing drill holes in 2 month old rats. A significant impairment of osteogenesis was detected, however, in older (6-9 months) animals given continuous treatment with Indomethacin from the week before fracture. This effect was not apparent if treatment was terminated on the day after induction of the lesion. There is histological evidence of increased fibrogenesis and decreased osteogenesis and remodelling in fractures in old rats given high dosages of Indomethacin.     

低温对大鼠睾丸扭转后睾丸抗氧化能力影响的研究

目的:探讨低温对睾丸扭转后其抗氧化能力的影响。方法:24只健康青春期SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组:A组为睾丸扭转组,B组为睾丸扭转加低温组,C组为对照组,每组8只。建立单侧睾丸扭转模型。术后第14d采集睾丸。化学比色法测定其总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。光镜观察睾丸组织学变化。结果:B组T-AOC明显高于A组(P<0.01),而低于C组(P<0.01);B组MDA含量低于A组(P<0.01),而高于C组(P<0.05)。结论:低温可抑制睾丸扭转复位后氧自由基的产生及其引发的脂质过氧化反应,提高扭转睾丸的生存力。     

Effect of Indomethacin on Collagen Metabolism of Rat Fracture Callus in Vitro

The collagen metabolism of callus tissue from closed, non-immobilized rat femoral fractures was studied in vitro after in vivo treatment with indomethacin 2 mg/kg/day for 6, 9 and 12 days after fracture. Total hydroxyproline synthesis and incorporation of hydroxyproline into collagen were found to be significantly increased after indomethacin treatment, whereas no significant difference was found regarding collagen resorption. The results Surggest that the recently demonstrated inhibition of fracture healing by indomethacin is not brought about by an inhibition of collagen synthesis.     

藿蓉补肾颗粒与吲哚美辛片治疗少弱精子症的临床疗效对比

目的:比较应用藿蓉补肾颗粒与吲哚美辛片治疗少弱精子症的临床疗效。方法:男性不育门诊中少弱精子症患者86例,随机分为A、B两组,每组43例,A组服用藿蓉补肾颗粒16 g/次,3次/d,B组服用吲哚美辛片25mg/次,2次/d,连用3个月。分别于治疗前及治疗3个月后行计算机辅助精液分析,比较每组治疗前后精子密度、前向精子活动率、总活动率、直线运动速率、平均运动速率等精液参数。结果:A组各项精液观察指标治疗前后差异均有显著性(P<0.05),B组除精子密度外其他精液观察参数指标治疗后较治疗前改善有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组间比较精子密度A组比B组改善差异显著(P<0.05),其他观察参数改善在A、B两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:藿蓉补肾颗粒治疗少弱精子症疗效明显,且不良反应轻微。     

枸杞、黄芪对大鼠睾丸支持细胞功能的影响

目的:探讨中药枸杞、黄芪对大鼠睾丸支持细胞(Sertoli细胞)功能的作用及机制。方法:对18~22 d的SD大鼠睾丸Sertoli细胞进行分离培养,用MTT法检测枸杞(50、100、200、400μg/m l枸杞多糖)、黄芪(12.5、25、50、100 g/L黄芪提取液)对Sertoli细胞增殖的影响,用一步法RT-PCR方法检测枸杞、黄芪对正常培养状态和过氧化物(H2O2)损伤状态下Sertoli细胞抑制素(INH)βB亚基转录的影响。结果:高浓度枸杞(400μg/m l)、黄芪(100 g/L)对Sertoli细胞的增殖有促进作用(P<0.05),高浓度杞芪合剂(400μg/m l枸杞+100 g/L黄芪)对Sertoli细胞增殖有明显促进作用(P<0.01);在正常培养状态下,枸杞、黄芪及杞芪合剂对Sertoli细胞INHβB亚基的转录具有明显促进作用(P<0.01);在过氧化物(H2O2)损伤状态下,Sertoli细胞INHβB亚基的转录明显降低(P<0.01),黄芪对Sertoli细胞INHβB亚基的转录水平具有上调作用(P<0.05),枸杞、杞芪合剂对其转录水平具有明显上调作用(P<0.01)。结论:枸杞、黄芪及杞芪合剂对体外培养的Sertoli细胞INHβB亚基的转录具有促进和保护作用。     

Long Term Effects of Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on Male Rats'' Reproductive System

Adult male rats were injected s.c. once a week for 3 weeks with DBCP, 20 mg/kg B.W. Animals were sacrificed 5, 9, 13, 17, 25 and 50 weeks after last injection. Body weight was recorded once a week. Prior to sacrifice each male was presented with proestral females in order to determine the male's mating behaviour and fertility. Testes were removed, weighed and taken for standard histological examination. DBCP treatment caused a reduction of body weight which reverted back to control levels some 17 weeks post injection. Testes weights were reduced and remained low despite the recovery of body weight. Generally, all males showed normal mating behaviour but most of them were infertile. Testicular histology showed a correlation between decreasing testicular weight and increasing percentage of degenerated seminiferous tubules, which was on the other hand correlated with decreasing tubular diameter. Serum levels of FSH and LH were significantly increased in the infertile DBCP treated males while values for the fertile ones were similar to those of controls. There were no differences in serum testosterone levels between DBCP treated and control animals. It is concluded that in DBCP treated rats testicular degenerative damages are associated with increased circulating gonadotrophin levels and with normal testosterone levels. Although mating behaviour is unaffected fertility is depressed and does not recover for at least 50 weeks post injection. It is suggested that DBCP treatment affects mainly the activity of the Sertoli cells while the Leydig cells are affected to a much lesser degree.     

睾酮对体外大鼠阴茎海绵体组织细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨睾酮对雄性SD大鼠阴茎海绵体组织细胞增殖的影响。方法:无菌条件下获取大鼠阴茎海绵体组织,免疫组化法检测其雄激素受体的表达,再分别采用酶消化法培养平滑肌细胞和贴壁法培养成纤维细胞,用四氮唑蓝(MTT)还原法观察对照组及睾酮10-8mol/L、10-7mol/L、10-6mol/L、10-5mol/L、10-4mol/L、10-3mol/L浓度组对海绵体组织细胞增殖的影响。结果:雄激素受体在大鼠阴茎海绵体组织表达,10-5mol/L睾酮刺激可促进大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞增殖,MTT还原法测定分别为68100±2200和70200±1300(P<0.05);10-4mol/L睾酮刺激可抑制平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞增殖,MTT法测定A值为分别55000±1400和59100±1500(P<0.01);其他组作用不显著。结论:大鼠阴茎海绵体组织存在雄激素受体,睾酮可经雄激素受体途径对阴茎海绵体组织细胞增殖的产生影响,不同浓度睾酮可促进或抑制海绵体平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞的增殖。     

神经肽Y在大鼠睾丸内的表达及其意义

目的 :分析神经肽Y(NPY)在大鼠睾丸中的表达 ,探讨NPY在雄激素生成和精子发生中的作用。　方法 :用RT PCR半定量法分析SD雄性大鼠睾丸中的NPYmRNA的表达 ,以β actin为内参照。用免疫组化法观察NPY在组织和细胞内的分布。　结果 :NPY基因在大鼠睾丸中有相当水平的表达 ,在PCR产物电泳图谱中见到明显的基因扩增产物条带 ;免疫组化显示 ,NPY在睾丸间质区、睾丸小血管周围及其精曲小管周围阳性表达 ,而在精曲小管内未见表达。　结论 :睾丸内表达的NPY可能直接参与了睾丸功能的调节。     

Effect of Thyroidectomy and Adrenalectomy on the Physio-chemical Status of Rat Testes

Influence of thyroid and adrenal hormones on the testicular biochemical activities and their role in the mechanism of male gonadal function were scantily reported. The present study in the thyroidectomized and adrenalectomized animals revealed that thyroid deficiency caused decrease in acid phosphatase activities, increase in cholesterol and GOT activities, where as hypoadrenalism had to some extent opposite effects compared to intact controls.
These findings point out that thyroid hormones are very important for and regulate the male reproduction by maintaining the gonadal biochemical homeostasis and adjuvating the action of gonadotrophins for steroidogenesis.
Der Einfluß von Thyreoidektomie und Adrenalektomie auf den physiologischen Status des Rattenhodens

Zusammenfassung

Über den Einfluß von Schilddrüsen- und Nebennierenhormonen auf die biochemischen Prozesse und ihre Wirkung auf die männliche Gonadenfunktion wird ausführlich berichtet.
Die vorliegende Arbeit an thyreoidektomierten und adrenalektomierten Tieren zeigt, daß eine Unterfunktion der Schilddrüse einen Abfall der sauren Phosphatase, den Anstieg von Cholesterin und GOT bewirkt. Eine Unterfunktion der Nebenniere hingegen wies gegenüber gesunden Kontrolltieren in einem gewissen Ausmaß entgegengesetzte Befunde auf. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Schilddrüsenhormone für die Regulation der männlichen Fortpflanzung bedeutsam sind, indem sie die biochemische Homoiostase der Gonaden aufrechterhalten und die Wirkung der Gonadotropine auf die Steroidsynthese unterstützen.     

Indomethacin treatment in children with daytime frequency of micturition

Thirty children with daytime urinary frequency (DUFC) were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was given oral indomethacin, 1 mg/kg per dose, three times a day for 7 days. The frequency of urination fell from 26.3±2.3 to 11.7±2.8 at the end of the treatment period. The second group was treated with oral chloramphenicol, 30 mg/kg per day, in four divided doses for 7 days. Their urinary frequency did not change. They were then treated with a 1-week course of indomethacin and responded in a similar manner to group 1 patients. The use of indomethacin was accompanied by significant increases in plasma carbon dioxide-combining power, urine osmolality and urine pH; urine sodium and potassium levels decreased. These results show that a short course of indomethacin, in low dose, improves DUFC. We propose that it acts by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis which modifies tubular function and increases urinary pH.     

Effects of FSH and LH Administration on the Testes and Seminal Vesicles

Aufgrund histologischer Untersuchungen stellte sich heraus, daß der Gewichtszuwachs der Hoden von präpubertären Ratten nach FSH-Gabe eine Folge der Längenzunahme der Tubuli seminiferi ist. Die Gabe von LH bewirkte eine Gewichtszunahme der akzessorischen Geschlechtsdrüsen (Bläschendrüsen), jedoch keine sichtbaren Effekte am Hoden. Der Serumandrogen-Spiegel zeigte, als Folge der erhöhten LH-Zufuhr, einen fortgesetzten Konzentrationsabfall trotz des signifikanten Anstieges des Gewichtes der Bläschendrüsen.     

雷公藤多甙、甲睾酮和壮骨伸筋胶囊对大鼠睾丸一氧化氮合酶的作用

目的通过雷公藤多甙(GTW)、甲睾酮、壮骨伸筋胶囊3种药物对大鼠睾丸间质细胞一氧化氮合酶(NOS)亚型eNOS和nNOS的影响,探讨3种药物对雄性SD大鼠睾丸功能的作用与一氧化氮(NO)的相关性。方法实验分5组,每组9只,每天分别给予各组GTW[10mg/(kg·d)]、甲睾酮[2mg/(kg·d)]、壮骨伸筋胶囊[0.3g/(kg·d)]、蒸馏水加吐温80(对照组I组)和蒸馏水(对照组II),共4周。第5周末,应用免疫组化ABC法观察3种药物对大鼠睾丸间质细胞NOS阳性细胞数目的影响。结果用药后与对照II组相比,GTW组大鼠睾丸间质细胞nNOS和eNOS阳性细胞数明显减少;甲睾酮组nNOS阳性细胞数明显增多,而eNOS变化不大;壮骨伸筋胶囊组eNOS和nNOS阳性细胞数均明显增多。结论雷公藤多甙通过对eNOS和nNOS的抑制而减少NO产生,进而影响生精过程。壮骨伸筋胶囊通过对eNOS和nNOS的促进而增加NO的合成,使其在增强性功能的过程中可能起重要作用。     

Indomethacin and Aspirin: Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents on the Rate of Fracture Repair in the Rat

A total of 210 male Charles River CD rats, 45 days old, were subjected to a fracturing of the right radius and ulna by digital pressure while under ether anesthesia. These animals were then assigned randomly to dose groups (1, 2 or 4 mgAg/day of indomethacin and 100, 200, or 300 mgAg/day of aspirin) and were dosed for 21 days. Dose levels were chosen to provide approximately equipotent levels of the test compounds with the highest dose approaching toxicity. Radiographs were taken of control-rat fractures on days 8, 14, and 21. Three rats at 4 mgAg/day of indomethacin died of intestinal perforation prior to scheduled sacrifice. on day 22, all remaining rats were sacrificed by exsanguination under anesthesia. Histologic sections of the radius and ulna were examined in random sequence without knowledge of the treatment regimen. A histologic grade based on the morphologic stage of fracture healing was given. There was a drug- and dose-related retardation of fracture healing, which was statistically significant at all dose levels of indomethacin and the highest level of aspirin, as compared to controls. Decreased mean grades in the groups given 100 and 200 mgAg/day of aspirin, though not statistically significant, suggest a retarding effect on fracture healing at these levels also. No statistically significant changes in numbers of pseudoarthroses were found.     

Effects of Hypophysectomy on LH Receptor Binding and Leydig Cell Sensitivity and Responsiveness to hCG/LH in the Immature (30 Day) Rat

The sensitivity (dose of hormone eliciting half maximal response) and the magnitude of the maximal response of Leydig cell suspensions prepared from immature intact and immature eight day hypophysectomized rats to hCG and dibutyryl-cyclic-3'5-adenosine monophosphate (dBC) were assessed in vitro in the presence or absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, methylisobutyl-xanthine (MIX). In separate studies LH/hCG binding to dispersed Leydig cells from intact and hypophysectomized rats of the same age was evaluated by Scatchard analysis and autoradiography.
Hypophysectomy was associated with a 3–4 fold increase in the sensitivity of response, but an 80 % reduction in the maximum steroidogenic response to both hCG and dBC (when expressed per million 3β-hydroxy-steroid-dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) positive cells. Addition of MIX resulted in a greater increase in the sensitivity of response from intact Leydig cells than from cells from hypophysectomized rats, suggesting that hypophysectomy is associated with a decrease in the activity of the phosphodiesterase. Scatchard analysis of [¹²⁵I]hLH binding to Leydig cells indicated no major decrease in the average number of LH/hCG receptors per cell after 8 days of hypophysectomy. Grain counts after autoradiography of the radiolabelled LH/hCG receptor confirmed this finding.