Subpleural mononuclear cell infiltration. Significance in the differential diagnosis of pleuritis showing nonspecific histologic findings

To determine if patients who had lymphocyte-rich pleural effusion and a pleural biopsy without any specific findings could be histopathologically differentiated between those with tuberculous and nontuberculous pleuritis, we histologically re-evaluated the pleural biopsies of all patients whose pleural effusion was predominant with lymphocytes and contained no malignant cells. A total of 40 patients with a nonspecific histologic findings of pleural biopsy specimen were categorized based on their ultimate diagnosis as having tuberculous (n = 15), carcinomatous (n = 10) or nontuberculous, benign pleuritis (n = 15). The pleural biopsy specimen of patients with nontuberculous, benign pleuritis frequently showed a band-like infiltration of mononuclear cells in the subpleural adipose tissue with minimal pleural inflammatory infiltrate (10 out of 15 patients), while the same finding was infrequent in those with tuberculous pleuritis (0 out of 15, p = 0.0001) and pleuritis associated with carcinoma (three out of 10, p = 0.082). Based on these results, the presence of band-like infiltration of mononuclear cells in the subpleural adipose tissue with minimal pleural inflammatory infiltrate in pleural biopsy specimens of patients with lymphocyte-rich pleural effusion suggests that the pleuritis is nontuberculous in its nature.     

Lymphocyte proliferation and gamma-interferon production after "in vitro" stimulation with PPD. Differences between tuberculous and nontuberculous pleurisy in patients with positive tuberculin skin test

T-lymphocytes previously sensitized by an antigen undergo blastic transformation and produce IFN tau when stimulated by the same antigen. We studied the lymphoblastic response to PPD and IFN tau production in pleural fluid and peripheral blood of 41 patients (15 with tuberculous pleural effusion, 13 with nontuberculous pleurisy and positive tuberculin skin test, and 13 with tuberculin-negative nontuberculous pleurisy). In tuberculous pleuritis, pleural lymphocyte blastic response and IFN tau production were higher than those of peripheral lymphocytes, whereas in tuberculin-positive nontuberculous patients, peripheral lymphocyte response and IFN tau production were higher than those of pleural lymphocytes. Tuberculous pleural fluid lymphocytes underwent greater blastic transformation and produced more IFN tau than pleural lymphocytes of tuberculin-positive nontuberculous patients, whereas the opposite occurred in peripheral lymphocytes. In tuberculin-negative nontuberculous patients, there was no lymphoblastic response in either the pleural fluid or peripheral blood. These results concur with the concept of immunologic compartmentalization. In tuberculous pleuritis, there would be clonal expansion of PPD-responding T-lymphocytes in the pleural compartment. This expansion of PPD-specific lymphocytes would not occur in nontuberculous pleuritis, but lymphocytes sensitized to other antigens would accumulate in the pleural compartment.     

胸膜活检和胸液培养分枝杆菌联合运用对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的探讨胸液培养分枝杆菌、胸膜活检及其联合运用对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法通过对270例结核性胸膜炎（合并肺结核141例）患者分别同时行胸液培养分枝杆菌、胸膜活检术检查,观察并比较它们的阳性率及其联合运用的阳性率。结果单独行胸液培养分枝杆菌检查,阳性率41.1%：单独行胸膜活检术,阳性率65.2%,2种方法联用阳性率80.0%。联用方法与单独胸液培养组之间的差异具有统计学意义（χ²＝85.476,P<0.01）;与单独胸膜活检组之间的差异也有统计学意义（χ²=14.892,P<0.01）。结论2项检查均较安全,准确,对结核性胸腔积液诊断有显著意义,联合运用能大大提高确诊率,并能知道结核性胸腔积液是否是耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）和非结核分枝杆菌病（NTM）。     

检测血清和胸液E—选择素对鉴别良恶性疾病的意义

目的 通过检测结核性胸膜炎及癌性胸液患血清及胸液的Ｅ－选择素水平，探讨其对鉴别良恶性疾病的意义。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测２５例结核性胸膜炎及２１例癌性胸液患血清及胸液的Ｅ－选择素水平。结果 结核性胸膜炎患血清Ｅ－选择素水平为４４±５μｇ／Ｌ、胸液Ｅ－选择素水平２４±３μｇ／Ｌ。明显高于癌性胸液患血清（２７±４μｇ／Ｌ）及胸液（１１±３μｇ＋Ｌ），且重叠性很小。此外，结核性     

The role of thoracoscopy in pleural biopsy in cases with pleural effusion

Between April 1985 and July 1989, 125 cases with pleural effusion were admitted to our department. The causes of pleural effusion were carcinomatous pleurisy in 47 cases, infection without tuberculosis in 34 cases, tuberculous pleurisy in 17 cases, cardiac insufficiency and hypoproteinemia in 11 cases, trauma and pneumothorax in nine cases, collagen disease in two cases and unknown origin in five cases. Carcinomatous pleurisy and tuberculous pleurisy, the differential diagnosis of which is very important, comprised 37% and 14% of all cases, respectively. These diseases can be definitively diagnosed by pleural biopsy, effusion cytology and/or effusion culture. In July 1987, we introduced thoracoscopy to improve the ratio of definitive diagnoses. The ratio for carcinomatous pleurisy in the previous term, when thoracoscopy was not being used, was 59%, while that in the latter term, when it was used, was 73%. The ratio for all cases with tuberculous pleurisy was 47%. Prior to June 1987, pleural biopsies in our department were performed with a Cope needle. Using that procedure, a low positive ratio of 50% was obtained. For thoracoscopic pleural biopsies, a high positive ratio of 84% was achieved (in carcinomatous pleurisy, 13 out of 15 cases; in tuberculous pleurisy, three out of four cases). This procedure was performed with minimal patient discomfort and no serious complications. Therefore, thoracoscopic pleural biopsy is recommended as a diagnostic procedure for cases with pleural effusion.     

Elevated soluble CD26 levels in patients with tuberculous pleurisy.

SETTING: Several reports have shown that tuberculous infection elicits a Th1-like immune response with increased levels of IFN-gamma. Recently, expression of CD26 on CD4+ lymphocytes has been shown to correlate with the production of Th1-like cytokines. We therefore hypothesized that CD26 expression might increase in tuberculous pleural effusion, and might thus be a possible marker for detecting tuberculous pleurisy. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To test this hypothesis, we measured soluble CD26 levels in the serum and pleural fluid of patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TB; n = 13), carcinomatous pleurisy (CA, n = 17), empyema (EM, n = 6), and congestive heart failure (HF, n = 10). RESULTS: The pleural CD26 levels, but not the serum CD26 levels, in patients with tuberculous pleurisy were significantly higher than those in other groups, and were correlated with levels of adenosine deaminase and interferon-gamma in the tuberculous pleural effusion. Furthermore, when the cut-off value for p-CD26 was set at 544.5 ng/ml, the positive rate for the TB group was significantly higher than that for the CA, EM and HF groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that elevation of soluble CD26 in pleural fluid is implicated in Th1-like immune response, and may be a useful marker for tuberculous pleurisy.     

胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶对内科胸腔镜检查临床病例选择的意义

目的 探讨胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)对内科胸腔镜检查临床病例选择的意义.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年4月经内科胸腔镜检查的不明原因胸腔积液患者198例,分为青年组、中年组和老年组,以胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L或ADA≥45 U/L联合淋巴细胞占白细胞比例≥50％作为诊断结核性胸膜炎的标准,确定其敏感度和特异度,并分析性别、年龄对ADA的影响.结果 内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断率为98.9％.胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏感度68.7％,特异度88.1％;胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L联合淋巴细胞占白细胞比例≥50％诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏感度70.2％,特异度96.3％,尤其是在青年组,其诊断特异度达100％.结论 对于不明原因胸腔积液的青年患者,如果胸腔积液ADA≥45 U/L且淋巴细胞占白细胞比例≥50％,可考虑诊断性抗结核治疗;对中老年不明原因胸腔积液,建议常规行内科胸腔镜检查,避免误诊.     

Tuberculous effusion: ADA activity correlates with CD4+ cell numbers in the fluid and the pleura

BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a commonly used marker in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusion and there is evidence that its production is linked to T cells and monocytes. Data on the correlation between ADA and T cells or macrophages in tuberculous effusions are conflicting. Furthermore, no studies have examined a possible correlation between pleural tissue infiltration and ADA. OBJECTIVES: We undertook this study to examine cell subsets in the fluid and the pleura in tuberculous effusion and their correlation to ADA. The use of cell subsets as a marker in the differential diagnosis was also examined. METHODS: Pleural fluid from 36 patients with tuberculous and 34 patients with malignant effusion as well as pleural tissue biopsies from 16 patients with tuberculous pleurisy were examined. The APAAP and the avidin-biotin complex immunocytochemical methods were used to examine CD4+ T cells and macrophages (CD68+), while ADA activity was measured by the Giusti colorimetric method. RESULTS: Our results showed that, in pleural fluid, CD4+ cells and ADA were significantly higher in tuberculous compared to malignant effusion (p<0.001 for all measurements). In pleural tissue biopsies, macrophages were the predominant cells but CD4+ T cells were also abundant. A significant correlation was found between ADA and CD4+ numbers in pleural fluid and tissue (r=0.45, p<0.01; r=0.75, p<0.001, respectively). ADA had high sensitivity and specificity for differential diagnosis while cell subsets did not. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that ADA activity correlates to CD4+ T cell infiltration in the pleura and the fluid. Moreover, ADA but no cell subsets may be used as markers of tuberculous effusion.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor and proinflammatory cytokines in pleural effusions

To evaluate the predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the differential diagnosis of pleuritis and its association with other proinflammatory cytokines in pleural effusion, we measured VEGF together with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in pleural effusions. We investigated 127 patients with pleural effusion (congestive heart failure: 21; parapneumonic: 27; tuberculous: 41; malignant: 38). We examined standard parameters of pleural effusion and measured pleural effusion VEGF, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and sICAM-1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. VEGF level was significantly higher in malignant effusion than in other groups. TNF-alpha level was significantly higher in tuberculous pleurisy than in other groups. In tuberculous pleurisy VEGF level showed significant positive correlations with mononuclear cell counts and all investigated cytokines. The sensitivity and specificity of VEGF in the diagnosis of malignancy was 100 and 84%, respectively (cutoff = 2000 pg/ml). The sensitivity and specificity of VEGF and TNF-alpha in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (VEGF titer <2000 pg/ml and TNF-alpha titer > 55 pg/ml) was 88.9 and 77.1%, respectively. We propose that measurement of VEGF together with TNF-alpha is helpful in differentiating between tuberculous pleurisy and malignant pleural effusion and that VEGF correlates with proinflammatory cytokines especially in tuberculous pleurisy. We also propose that measurement of pleural VEGF is helpful for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion.     

结核性胸膜炎患者DNA氧化损伤和脂质过氧化的研究

目的　探讨结核性胸膜炎患者单个核细胞DNA氧化损伤和脂质过氧化的程度。方法采用单细胞凝胶电泳的方法检测 2 8例结核性胸膜炎患者 (试验组 )胸腔积液和外周血单个核细胞DNA损伤及 2 5名健康人 (对照组 )外周血单个核细胞DNA损伤 (以彗星率表示 ) ;采用菲罗啉比色法检测患者胸腔积液和血浆总抗氧化能力及健康人血浆总抗氧化能力 ;硫代巴比妥酸比色法检测患者及健康人血浆丙二醛 (MDA)含量。组间差异显著性比较采用t检验。结果　试验组胸腔积液单个核细胞彗星率为 (4 1 3± 14 5 ) % ,高于其外周血单个核细胞的 (2 1 2± 4 2 ) % (P <0 0 1) ;胸腔积液总抗氧化能力为 (5 172± 1195 )U/L ,显著低于其血浆的 (86 5 6± 15 92 )U/L(P <0 0 1)。胸腔积液单个核细胞彗星率与总抗氧化能力呈负相关 (r=- 0 4 2 5 ,P <0 0 5 )。试验组外周血单个核细胞彗星率及血浆MDA含量为 (2 1 2± 4 2 ) %和 (8 2 5± 1 37) μmol/L ,分别高于对照组的 (8 9± 3 7) %和(4 4 6± 0 93) μmol/L(P均 <0 0 1) ;试验组血浆总抗氧化能力为 (86 5 6± 15 92 )U/L ,显著低于对照组的 (10 6 10± 1399)U/L (P <0 0 1)。试验组血浆总抗氧化能力分别与外周血单个核细胞彗星率、血浆MDA含量呈负相关 (r分别为 - 0 4 38、-     

胸水中LPS、IL-35、RORα在结核性胸腔积液中的表达变化及临床意义

目的:探讨胸水中脂多糖(LPS)、白细胞介素35(IL-35)、维甲酸相关孤儿受体α(RORα)在结核性胸腔积液中的表达变化及临床意义。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选择2017年1月至2020年1月襄阳市中心医院收治的79例结核性胸膜炎患者为结核组,66例恶性胸膜炎患者为恶性组。比较2组胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα水平,采用spearman相关分析胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα水平与结核性胸膜炎的相关性,采用多因素logistic回归分析结核性胸膜炎的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线分析胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα对结核性胸膜炎与恶性胸膜炎的鉴别诊断价值。结果:结核组胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα水平显著高于恶性组( t值分别为2.691、2.908、6.017, P值均<0.05);胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα水平与结核性胸膜炎均呈正相关( r值分别0.375、0.583、0.604, P值均<0.05);胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα水平升高是结核性胸膜炎的危险因素( P值均<0.05);胸水LPS对结核性胸膜炎与恶性胸膜炎的准确性明显高于胸水RORα( P<0.05);胸水IL-35对结核性胸膜炎与恶性胸膜炎的准确性明显高于胸水LPS( P<0.05);胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα联合检测对结核性胸膜炎与恶性胸膜炎的准确性明显高于各项指标单独检测( P<0.05)。 结论:胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα在结核性胸膜炎患者中呈高水平,胸水LPS、IL-35、RORα联合检测在结核性胸膜炎与恶性胸膜炎的鉴别诊断中价值较高,有望在临床推广。     

胸腔积液LPS、IL-35、RORα表达在结核性胸膜炎、恶性胸膜炎鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨胸腔积液脂多糖(LPS)、白细胞介素(IL)-35、维甲酸相关孤儿受体α(RORα)表达在结核性胸膜炎和恶性胸膜炎鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 选择本院2018年1月至2020年12月收治的结核性胸膜炎患者75例(良性组)和恶性胸膜炎患者54例(恶性组),两组患者均于无菌条件下进行胸腔穿刺术,抽取胸腔积液进行腺苷脱...     

胸腔积液中IL-27及Gene Xpert MTB/RIF联合检测有助于结核性胸膜炎的快速诊断

目的：观察胸腔积液中白介素-27（IL-27）、结核杆菌利福平耐药基因（Gene Xpert MTB/RIF）表达水平在结核性胸膜炎快速诊断中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析128例结核性胸膜炎患者的临床资料，另选择同期收治的128例非结核性胸膜炎胸腔积液患者为对照（恶性胸腔积液组、类肺炎性胸腔积液组与漏出性胸腔积液组分别61例、36例与31例），采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患者胸腔积液中IL-27水平，并予以Gene Xpert MTB/RIF试验，以临床综合诊断结果为金标准，评估IL-27、Gene Xpert MTB/RIF水平在结核性胸膜炎诊断中的应用价值。结果：结核性胸膜炎组胸腔积液中IL-27水平显著高于恶性胸腔积液组、类肺炎性胸腔积液组与漏出性胸腔积液组（F=112.944，P均<0.05）；IL-27诊断结核性胸膜炎的AUC值为0.875，敏感度为73.43%、特异性为85.16%；Gene Xpert MTB/RIF诊断结核性胸膜炎敏感度、特异性分别为77.34%、100.00%；两者联合诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏感度为86.72%，特异性为100.00%。结论：胸腔积液中IL-27、Gene Xpert MTB/RIF水平对结核性胸膜炎的诊断有一定意义，联合检测有助于结核性胸膜炎的诊断。     

非活动性结核性胸膜炎与活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像特征分析

目的: 探讨非活动性结核性胸膜炎与活动性结核性胸膜炎CT扫描影像表现。方法: 对2012年6月1日至2021年3月30日在首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院就诊的单纯非活动性结核性胸膜炎患者68例和同期活动性结核性胸膜炎44例的CT扫描影像表现进行比较。结果: (1) 68例非活动性结核性胸膜炎患者 CT扫描影像表现中胸膜粘连62例(91.2%),胸膜有钙化者28例(41.2%),叶间裂受累22例(32.4%),胸腔积液12例(17.6%),包裹性胸腔积液8例(11.8%)。(2)44例活动性结核性胸膜炎患者CT扫描影像表现中胸膜粘连30例(68.2%),未见胸膜钙化,叶间裂受累32例(72.7%),胸腔积液43例(97.7%),包裹性胸腔积液26例(59.1%)。(3)非活动性与活动性结核性胸膜炎CT扫描影像比较:胸膜粘连、胸膜钙化发生率高,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=9.630,P=0.002;χ²=23.737,P=0.000);叶间裂受累、胸腔积液、包裹性胸腔积液的发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=12.692,P=0.000;χ²=68.548,P=0.000;χ²=28.301,P=0.000)。结论: 非活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像与活动性结核性胸膜炎比较胸膜粘连、胸膜钙化的发生率高,胸腔积液、包裹性胸腔积液、叶间裂受累的发生率低。识别非活动性和活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像特点,对患者临床治疗有指导意义。     

胸水ADA、TB-DNA联合检测在结核性胸膜炎中的诊断运用

目的分析胸水ADA、TB-DNA联合检测对结核性胸膜炎诊断运用价值。方法对我院收治的结核性胸膜炎患者183例、癌性胸水患者65例以及炎性胸水患者49例作为研究对象,分别进行ADA、TB-DNA的检测,并对ADA、TB-DNA在三种疾病中的阳性率以及对结核性胸膜炎的敏感度、特异性以及准确性进行分析。结果结核性胸膜炎患者的ADA含量(72.3±23.2 IU/L)明显高于炎性胸水患者(38.4±12.9 IU/L)以及癌性胸水患者(24.3±6.5 IU/L);ADA、TB-DNA联合检测对结核性胸膜炎的特异性84.2%,敏感性98.91%以及准确性为93.26%。结论对结核性胸膜炎患者采用胸水ADA、TB-DNA联合检测可明显提高其检出率,并有助于对结核性胸膜炎胸水、癌性胸水以及炎性胸水的鉴别。     

Evaluation of the diagnosis value of nomogram based on the clinical and internal thoracoscopic features in pleural effusion patients complicated with tuberculous pleurisy

目的 利用临床及内科胸腔镜下特征对胸腔积液患者构建诺谟图(nomogram),探讨其诊断结核性胸膜炎的价值。 方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,收集2015—2018年首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院(99例)、首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院(67例)、北京积水潭医院(16例)及北京医院(24例)收治的206例胸腔积液患者。其中确诊为结核性胸膜炎的患者129例,作为结核性胸膜炎组;确诊为其他原因胸腔积液的患者77例,作为其他原因胸腔积液组。收集两组患者的一般资料、胸腔积液实验室检查结果、胸腔镜下形态学特征和病理形态学特征信息,按照4∶1的比例通过SAS随机分组过程,将206例患者完全随机分为训练集(162例)和验证集(44例)。利用套索(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归筛选结核性胸膜炎的诊断因素,构建辅助诊断诺谟图,分别验证模型的区分度、校准度及收益,综合评价诺谟图的辅助诊断能力。 结果 训练集162例胸腔积液患者中,共104例(64.2%)确诊为结核性胸膜炎。经LASSO回归,共7个高诊断价值因素被筛选出,分别为病理形态学上的干酪样肉芽肿、坏死表现、不典型肉芽肿,胸腔镜观察下的粟粒样结节状病灶、胸膜粘连带、孤立结节状病灶,以及胸腔积液检查指标中的腺苷脱氨酶水平。训练集中ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.97,敏感度为92.31%,特异度为93.42%,在验证集中模型AUC为0.89,敏感度为80.44%,特异度为100.00%。 结论 诺谟图能够在胸腔积液患者中有效诊断结核性胸膜炎,有一定的辅助诊断价值。     

Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous pleurisy--with special reference to the significance of measurement of pleural fluid cytokines

Tuberculous pleurisy as well as malignant pleuritis is a representative disease presenting pleural effusion. The diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy is made from examination of pleural effusion, but the sensitivity of smear or culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pleural fluid is generally low. Although the pleural fluid concentration of adenosine deaminase (ADA) is useful in terms of sensitivity or specificity, the value could be high in empyema or rheumatoid pleuritis. Thoracoscopic biopsy of pleura is more sensitive rather than conventional percutaneous needle biopsy, but is more invasive. Tuberculous pleural effusion is caused by delayed allergy which macrophage and T-helper 1 cells mainly relate and the stimuli of bacterial body consecutively induces T-helper 1 cytokines. Pleural fluid interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) is important not only in pathogenesis but also in diagnosis. We demonstrated that INF-gamma is a more sensitive and specific indicator for tuberculous pleurisy than ADA using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Cytometric bead array (CBA) is a tool to simultaneously measure abundance of various cytokines and is expected to be a very useful method to provide informations for understanding a feedback mechanism of cytokine network. It is needed to clear the immunity in pleural fluid and to establish the less invasive and more useful method to diagnose tuberculous pleurisy.     

超声引导下改良胸膜活检术对诊断原因不明胸腔积液的临床观察(附49例临床分析)

目的 观察超声引导下改良胸膜活检术对原因不明胸腔积液诊断中的价值.方法 使用改良胸膜活检术对49例不明原因胸腔积液患者进行胸膜活检术.结果 所有患者胸膜活检均成功,其中间皮瘤3例,低分化癌6例,腺癌7例,未分型4例,结核18例,慢性炎症11例(经治疗最终证实为结核),病理确诊率77.6％,仅2例出现胸膜反应,未出现局部出血及气胸.结论 超声引导下改良胸膜活检术安全、方便,对胸腔积液确诊率高、并发症少.     

对胸腔积液患者利用临床及内科胸腔镜下特征构建诺谟图诊断结核性胸膜炎的价值

目的利用临床及内科胸腔镜下特征对胸腔积液患者构建诺谟图(nomogram),探讨其诊断结核性胸膜炎的价值。方法采用前瞻性研究的方法,收集2015—2018年首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院(99例)、首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院(67例)、北京积水潭医院(16例)及北京医院(24例)收治的206例胸腔积液患者。其中确诊为结核性胸膜炎的患者129例,作为结核性胸膜炎组;确诊为其他原因胸腔积液的患者77例,作为其他原因胸腔积液组。收集两组患者的一般资料、胸腔积液实验室检查结果、胸腔镜下形态学特征和病理形态学特征信息,按照4∶1的比例通过SAS随机分组过程,将206例患者完全随机分为训练集(162例)和验证集(44例)。利用套索(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归筛选结核性胸膜炎的诊断因素,构建辅助诊断诺谟图,分别验证模型的区分度、校准度及收益,综合评价诺谟图的辅助诊断能力。结果训练集162例胸腔积液患者中,共104例(64.2%)确诊为结核性胸膜炎。经LASSO回归,共7个高诊断价值因素被筛选出,分别为病理形态学上的...     

Screening of tuberculous pleural effusion by discriminant analysis.

SETTING: Pneumology Department of a 635-bed acute-care teaching hospital in Valencia, Spain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of discriminant analysis as a method of optimizing the discriminant power of routine radiographic features and a panel of laboratory parameters including biochemical analyses of pleural fluid for differentiation between tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural effusion. DESIGN: A series of 47 variables were retrospectively obtained from the medical records of 189 patients with exudative pleural effusion (tuberculous pleurisy, n = 78; non-tuberculous pleurisy, n = 111). A backward elimination method was applied until the best discriminant function was found. RESULTS: The most powerful predictor of tuberculous pleural effusion was a function that consisted of four variables, as follows: age (years); tuberculin skin test (mm of induration at 48 hours); white blood cell count (cells/mm3); and bloodstained exudate (coded as yes = 1, no = 2). This function showed a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 87%, positive predictive value of 83%, negative predictive value of 92%, and was able to give an 88% rate of correct classification. CONCLUSION: The calculated discriminant function based on the patient's age, peripheral leukocyte count, tuberculin skin test and blood in the exudate is a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for screening tuberculous etiology in patients with pleural effusion.