膝关节滑膜（骨）软骨瘤病的x线及MRI表现（附17例报告）

目的：分析x线及MRI对膝关节滑膜（骨）软骨瘤病的诊断价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析17例经病理证实的膝关节滑膜（骨）软骨瘤病的X线、MRI表现,比较两种影像学方法对本病的诊断价值。结果：X线平片9例关节间隙及关节周围可见高密度游离体并伴有关节软组织肿胀,6例表现为不同程度关节周围软组织肿胀,2例x线平片未见异常,x线平片的诊断正确率为53％。MRI检查16例表现为关节内游离体,1例表现为滑膜明显增生呈结节状,并可见滑膜内结节信号略低。17例患者均可见不同程度的滑膜增生及多少不等的关节积液,MRI的诊断正确率为94％。结论：X线平片检查是诊断膝关节滑膜（骨）软骨瘤病最简便方法,而MRI检查对于早期病例及术前病例有更高的价值。     

颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的影像诊断

目的对颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的临床、影像、病理学进行综合分析,提高对该病的认识。方法对8例具有完整病例资料并经手术病理证实的颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病患者的临床资料、影像学征象及病理改变进行总结。结果临床表现:8例患者均有耳前区疼痛、肿胀伴张口受限,术中见关节腔内大量游离体。影像学表现:X线示颞下颌关节间隙增宽、髁突周围多发不透亮区;CT示关节腔内软组织密度影伴周围多发钙化,4例见骨质破坏;MR示关节腔内软组织肿块伴积液,周围多发长T_1WI、短T_2WI信号,增强后呈不均匀强化,动态增强扫描时间-信号强度变化曲线呈平坦型。病理表现:关节腔内游离体由透明软骨构成,伴周围纤维化、钙化。电镜下见大量透明软骨细胞覆盖以成纤维样滑膜细胞。结论颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病具有典型的临床、影像及病理特点。     

继发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病X线表现与诊断(附4例报告)

继发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病是滑膜骨软骨瘤病的一大分类。它是指已存在某些骨关节病中,因软骨或骨性关节面碎裂而形成关节内游离体刺激滑膜化生,继而形成滑膜内软骨或骨软骨结节再次产生关节内游离体的一种慢性进行性关节病。本病国内文献报道不多,为强化对本病认识,再将我院近10年手术病理证实,有完整临床资料的4例继发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病,分析X线表现以及对诊断的意义。     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病32例影像学分析

目的:提高对滑膜骨软骨瘤病影像学表现的认识.方法:回顾性分析经临床手术或病理证实的滑膜骨软骨瘤病32例,所有病例均行X线检查,13例行CT检查,6例行MRI检查.结果:32例中,单关节发病30例(93.8%),侵犯两个以上关节2例(6.2%).发病部位:膝关节19例(60%),肘关节4例(12%),髋关节3例(10%),踝关节2例(6.2%),肩关节2例(6.2%),腕关节、指间关节各1例分别占3%.影像学表现:所有病例均示关节腔内或其周围有骨软骨游离体或悬垂体,数目不等,少者两个,多者几十或更多.小者如粟粒,大者近核桃.形态呈圆形或卵圆形.4例患者关节骨端伴有不同程度骨质疏松,9例伴有骨关节病.结论:通过对滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像学分析,有助于提高对本病的认识与鉴别,提高术前诊断符合率.     

滑膜软骨瘤病的影像表现与病理对照分析

目的：探讨滑膜软骨瘤病的影像表现,并与病理学结果对照,评价各种影像学检查手段的价值。材料和方法：分析18例经病理证实的滑膜软骨瘤病患者的影像资料,包括X线平片、CT和MR影像表现,并与Milgram病理分期对照。男11例,女7例,年龄30～78岁,平均41.5岁。肘关节1例,肩关节1例,髋关节5例,膝关节8例（9个关节）,踝关节2例,颞下颌关节1例。结果：X线平片典型表现为关节间隙及关节周围存在高密度结节影,为“同心层”状;见于Milgram Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的患者。CT表现为关节内数量不等的游离体,滑膜异常增厚、密度增高;MR表现为滑膜增厚、关节内游离体、关节积液和关节退行性改变,关节内游离体表现为软骨结节和骨性结节,结节表面可有强化。Milgram　Ⅰ期患者X线平片阴性,CT和MR可以显示X线平片不能显示的滑膜异常,Milgram　Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的患者,CT和MR显示关节内游离体和滑膜病变同时存在,对病变细节的显示明显优于X线平片。结论：滑膜软骨瘤病Milgram　Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的患者X线平片和CT有特征性的钙化表现,CT和MR可以提供更多关节内游离体和滑膜病变的信息,对于诊断X线平片阴性的Milgram　Ⅰ期病例具有重要价值。     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像表现

目的探讨关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像学表现及鉴别要点。材料与方法回顾性分析15例关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病患者的X线、CT和MRI的影像资料。结果 15例中11例经手术病理证实,4例关节镜证实。X线、CT和MRI均可见游离体形成。游离体体在X线和CT上表现为高密度的钙化小体,圆形或椭圆形,大小不一。小结节影在MR T1WI呈低信号,在T2WI信号不均,钙化部分呈低信号,而未钙化部分呈中等或高信号。CT检查可以发现隐蔽游离体、增厚的滑膜和关节腔积液。MRI能发现关节内未钙化的游离体,除可见关节游离体外,还清晰显示软骨、滑膜、周围软组织的改变和关节积液等表现。结论游离体是滑膜骨软骨瘤病的特征性影像表现,是影像诊断的主要依据,X线诊断简便、快捷,CT、MRI可提供更多的信息。     

关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像诊断

目的:探讨四肢关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的四肢关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病,15例均有X线平片检查,其中12例行CT检查,8例行MR检查。结果:15例X线平片均见关节内或/和关节周围大小、数目不一的钙化或骨化游离体;CT和MR显示更清晰、数目更多,较好显示增厚的滑膜、积液及软骨性游离体。结论:X线平片仍是该病的首选检查方法,能显示该病的大部分病灶;CT能发现征象较平片更为丰富,有较高的诊断价值;MR的软组织分辨率高,对滑膜的增厚、积液及软骨性游离体显示较好,但对细小的钙化、骨化的游离体不如CT敏感。     

膝关节滑膜软骨瘤病的超声表现及其病理改变

目的:探讨膝关节滑膜软骨瘤病(synovial chondromatosis,SC)的超声表现及其病理改变,评价超声诊断膝关节滑膜软骨瘤病的临床价值。方法:回顾分析35例经关节镜或手术治疗,并经病理证实的膝关节SC的超声表现,并与病理结果对照分析。结果:超声诊断SC的符合率为80%(28/35),其中膝关节SC的超声表现:关节腔积液(35/35)、滑膜不同程度的增厚(35/35)、滑膜内钙化(20/35)、关节内游离体(26/35),关节退行性变(29/35)。结论:超声检查在膝关节SC的诊断中具有较高的应用价值,可作为膝关节SC的首选检查方法之一。     

滑膜软骨瘤病的诊断及治疗分析

滑膜软骨瘤病是关节的骨膜或滑膜囊、腱鞘内所发生的软骨性、纤维软骨性或骨软骨性小体。临床上以关节疼痛、肿胀、关节交锁或出现捻发音为主要表现。本病是滑膜较少见的增生性病损。现将我院近3年来15例滑膜软骨瘤的诊断及治疗情况做一分析如下。     

关节骨软骨瘤病的X线诊断(附12例分析)

关节骨软骨瘤病是一种少见的滑膜疾病,多认为是由关节滑膜的结缔组织化生形成软骨性、纤维软骨性或骨软骨性小体所致。其基本特征是关节内有大小不等的类圆形或成团的软骨结节,经钙化或骨化形成关节内游离体。由于组织化生的不同,它有多种命名:滑膜骨软骨瘤病、滑膜软骨瘤病、关节软骨瘤病、关节囊内弥散性内生软骨瘤病。迄今为止,国内报道本病近百例,作者收集了12例,具有一定的特点,现分析如下。     

滑囊软骨瘤病的CT和MRI影像学分析

目的 探讨滑囊软骨瘤病的CT和MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析手术病理证实的29例滑囊软骨瘤病的临床影像学资料,29例均有X线平片检查,其中8例行CT检查,9例行MRI检查.结果 病变累及三角肌滑囊2例,肩周多个滑囊3例,髂腰肌囊4例,髌上囊20例;X线平片和CT表现为滑囊内多发大小不等的斑片状、类圆形钙化或骨化结节影,MRI清晰地显示含有不同钙盐成分的软骨瘤结节、滑膜增厚和滑囊积液.结论 X线平片是诊断滑囊软骨瘤病的首选方法,但CT或MRI可直接显示滑囊本身变化.     

关节镜诊治髋关节疾病的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜诊治髋关节疾病的方法及疗效.方法 2003年10月～2009年4月应用关节镜诊治髋关节疾病59例(64髋),其中股骨头骨骺炎29例,非创伤性股骨头坏死11例,髋关节骨性关节炎4例,髋关节游离体2例,髋关节结核2例,滑膜软骨瘤病2例,剥脱性骨软骨炎2例,髋臼盂唇撕裂症2例,髋臼撞击综合征1例,不明原因的髋关节疼痛4例,随访分析其疗效.结果 随访54例,随访平均18个月(6～66个月),按照Harris评分进行疗效评定,术前Harris评分平均44分(29～54分),术后评分平均89分(59～98分).结论 关节镜诊治髋关节疾病具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,疗效满意.     

Arthroskopische Diagnostik und Therapie synovialer Erkrankungen

Synovial disorders are amongst the most common indications for hip arthroscopy. Arthroscopic intervention has been reported for symptomatic synovial plicae, synovial chondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and rheumatoid arthritis. In comparison to radiologic imaging one major advantage is the ability to inspect, biopsy and treat during one procedure. In contrast to an arthrotomy hip arthroscopy avoids the potential risks of an extensive surgical exposure and prolonged rehabilitation. Nevertheless hip arthroscopy cannot be promoted as curative in all synovial disorders. In patients with localized synovitis, impinging synovial folds and, to a certain extent, PVNS a curative therapy and “restitutio ad integrum” can be achieved. The goal of hip arthroscopy in patients with synovial chondromatosis and rheumatoid arthritis is to enable the correct diagnosis and to provide symptomatic relief and improve joint function. Success or failure of arthroscopic treatment depends on proper patient selection and a correct arthroscopic technique.     

Synovial chondromatosis in an elite cyclist: a case report

Primary synovial chondromatosis is a rare disorder that can present as chronic hip and groin pain. It is characterized by formation of osteocartilaginous nodules arising from the synovium. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of an Olympic-caliber cyclist, in her mid thirties, with primary synovial chondromatosis of the left hip. Clinical examination showed decreased internal rotation, external rotation, forward flexion, and abduction of the left hip. A radiograph of the left hip showed slight hip-joint narrowing centrally. A magnetic resonance imaging arthrogram showed a small anterior labral tear and innumerable small intermediate-intensity filling defects situated diffusely within the joint fluid. Fluoroscopically guided injection of the left hip with local anesthetic and cortisone produced temporary pain relief. Conservative treatment was marginally helpful. Results of a rheumatology workup were unremarkable. Arthroscopic removal of loose bodies and synovectomy were performed. The diagnosis of primary synovial chondromatosis was confirmed by histologic examination. At the 17-month follow-up, our patient was essentially pain free and had returned to her previous athletic activities.     

Synoviale Erkrankungen der Hüfte

Synovial diseases and loose bodies are one of the most common indications for hip arthroscopy. Arthroscopic intervention has been reported in the literature for loose bodies, irritating synovial plicae, synovial chondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) as well as rheumatoid and septic arthritis. One major advantage of arthroscopy in comparison to radiological imaging is the ability to inspect, biopsy and treat within one procedure. In contrast to arthrotomy hip arthroscopy avoids the potential risks of extensive surgical exploration which is associated with a higher morbidity and prolonged rehabilitation. Nevertheless, hip arthroscopy cannot be promoted as curative for all synovial disorders. In patients with loose bodies, synovial plicae, septic arthritis at an early stage and to some extent synovial chondromatosis and localized PVNS, curative therapy and full recovery can be achieved. In contrast, in patients with highly active synovial chondromatosis, diffuse PVNS and rheumatoid arthritis, the goal of hip arthroscopy is to enable the correct diagnosis, to provide symptomatic relief and maintain or improve joint function and to decide whether adjuvant therapy, systemic medication or secondary open surgery is necessary. Success or failure of arthroscopic treatment depends on correct patient selection and correct arthroscopic technique.     

高频超声诊断交锁性膝关节疾病

目的探讨高频超声在交锁性膝关节疾病诊断中的应用价值.方法回顾性分析38例交锁性膝关节疾病,讨论其高频超声声像图特征,并对误诊、漏诊原因进行分析.结果术前高频超声提示正确率为81.6%(31/38),其中包括半月板损伤18例、关节内游离体7例及滑膜病变6例.漏诊5例半月板撕裂,误诊1例滑膜软骨瘤病和1例色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎.结论掌握不同交锁性膝关节疾病的高频超声特点对疾病的常规筛选和术前诊断将起到至关重要的作用.     

Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint with 400 loose bodies: a case report and literature review

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a benign condition characterized by the formation of metaplastic cartilage in the synovial membrane of the joint, resulting in numerous attached and unattached osteocartilaginous bodies. SC mostly affects the large synovial joints, especially the knee, hip, elbow, and ankle, whereas involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare. Approximately 240 cases of SC of the TMJ have been reported in the English-language literature to date. The number of loose bodies varies among patients but usually ranges from the dozens to around 100. We herein report a case of SC of the TMJ accompanied by approximately 400 loose bodies in a healthy 53-year-old woman. Such a high number of loose bodies within a small space is extremely rare. We also include a brief discussion about the differential diagnoses and current diagnostic approaches to SC of the TMJ. Notably, delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis is common because of the nonspecific nature of the presenting complaints.     

滑膜软骨瘤病的X线诊断(附15例分析)

报导15例滑膜软骨瘤病。其中13例经手术病理证实。讨论了本病的病因、病理、X线诊断和鉴别诊断。     

关节镜下治疗膝关节滑膜软骨瘤病

目的 探讨关节镜治疗膝关节滑膜软骨瘤病的疗效.方法 2005年1月-2009年10月,对23例(28膝)滑膜软骨瘤病患者入院行X线片、关节活动度检查、视觉模拟评分以及Lysholm膝关节功能评分.根据镜下所见分为表浅型6例,游离体型17例.结合病理学检查行Milgram分期,Ⅱ期16例,Ⅲ期7例.所有患者均行关节镜下病...