深圳市3～5岁儿童乳磨牙金属预成冠应用情况调查分析

目的：调查深圳市3～5岁儿童乳磨牙金属预成冠应用情况,为乳牙龋病防治工作提供基础资料。方法：对深圳市6 465名3～5岁儿童乳磨牙金属预成冠应用情况进行横断面调查,计算金属预成冠在总人群和患龋人群中的应用率、金属预成冠修复在因龋充填乳磨牙和龋失补乳磨牙中的占比、不同牙位患龋乳磨牙中金属预成冠应用率等。结果：3～5岁儿童中金属预成冠在总人群和患龋人群的应用率分别为1.14%、1.68%,随着年龄增长应用率逐渐增加,金属预成冠修复占因龋充填乳磨牙和龋失补乳磨牙的比率分别为4.86%、0.77%,患龋乳磨牙中上颌第一乳磨牙金属预成冠应用率最高。结论：深圳市3～5岁儿童乳磨牙金属预成冠应用率非常低,需加强金属预成冠的推广应用。     

安氏I类错牙合拔牙与非拔牙矫治前后牙弓宽度变化的对比研究

目的:通过对拔牙组和非拔牙组恒牙期安氏I类错牙合畸形患者矫治前后的模型进行测量,分析拔牙组和非拔牙组病例治疗前后牙弓宽度的变化。方法:随机选择恒牙牙合患者40例,其中20例接受了拔牙矫治,均拔除4个第一前磨牙,20例接受了非拔牙矫治,分别在矫治前后的上下颌模型上第一磨牙近中颊尖点、尖牙牙尖点做标记,测量磨牙和尖牙间的牙弓宽度,进行方差分析。结果:拔牙组矫治前后比较上下颌尖牙间宽度均增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);拔牙组磨牙矫治前后牙弓宽度变化无统计学差异(P0.05);非拔牙组矫治前后上颌第一磨牙间宽度增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);非拔牙组矫治前后上下颌尖牙间宽度、下颌第一磨牙间宽度变化无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:与非拔牙矫治相比,拔牙矫治并不会引起牙弓的缩窄。     

玻璃离子窝沟封闭剂预防部分萌出第一恒磨牙窝沟龋效果观察

目的观察玻璃离子窝沟封闭剂对部分萌出第一恒磨牙窝沟龋的防龋效果。方法选取符合纳入标准的儿童497例,自身半口对照设计,随机选择一侧部分萌出第一恒磨牙使用GICS FujiⅦ玻璃离子窝沟封闭,另一侧空白对照,1年后复查玻璃离子窝沟封闭剂保留情况及比较两侧患龋情况。结果玻璃离子窝沟封闭剂保留率为26.9%,患龋率比自身空白对照组降低17%,差异有统计学意义;下颌的龋损显著高于上颌,差异有统计学意义。结论对部分萌出的第一恒磨牙,玻璃离子窝沟封闭剂FujiⅦ保留率欠佳,但防龋效果较好。     

陕西平利县1427名中学生口腔健康状况调查

目的：调查平利县中学生的口腔健康状况。方法：依据世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,WHO）调查方法和标准进行口腔检查。结果：患龋率35.46%,龋齿充填率5.97%,牙龈出血检出率41.80%,牙石罹串率92.22%,口腔溃疡率2.03%。结论：该县中学生口腔健康较差,应加强相关方面的宣教、预防、诊治工作。     

新疆裕民县哈萨克族高中生龋病调查

目的:了解新疆塔城地区裕民县哈萨克族高中生龋病情况,为其预防和治疗提供科学依据。方法:根据WHO口腔健康调查方法,2014年5月共调查267例高中生的龋齿发病情况,由经过培训的牙科医生采用口内直视法进行检查。结果:267例受检者患龋率为67.00%,女生患龋率明显高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.73,P0.01)。龋齿充填率仅为0.76%。结论:新疆塔城地区裕民县哈萨克族高中生患龋程度非常高,充填率非常低,加强学生及家长口腔卫生保健知识宣传非常紧迫。     

陕西省汉中市汉台区2012年学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况分析

目的:调查学龄前期儿童龋齿患病情况。方法:选择2012年汉中市汉台区8所幼儿园3930名儿童口腔检查相关资料进行回顾性分析及统计学处理。结果:3~7岁儿童患龋率、龋齿个数、龋均、在3~4岁儿童较低,5~6岁儿童较高,龋齿分布以乳磨牙为主,男女龋齿患病率无明显差异。龋齿患病率3~4岁儿童平均18.06%,5~6岁上升至平均49.03%;龋均3~4岁平均1.25个,5~6岁上升至3.40个;有不良刷牙习惯及偏爱甜食儿童较对照组患病率高。结论:学龄前期龋齿患病率5~6岁年龄段最高;龋齿患病与不良刷牙习惯及偏爱甜食有关。     

老年根面龋患者病情特征及其风险因素分析

目的：探讨老年根面龋患者病情特征及其影响因素。方法：纳入2020年1月-2022年5月于笔者医院口腔科门诊就医的年龄≥60岁的382例患者为研究对象,参照ICDAS-Ⅱ根面龋诊断标准评估老年根面龋患病率,收集老年根面龋疾病特征及临床资料,并根据患者是否发生根面龋分为发生组和未发生组,探讨老年根面龋发生的危险因素。结果：根面龋发病率为67.71%(251/382),215例根面龋发生排首位的为下颌第一前磨牙,其次为上颌第一磨牙、上颌第二前磨牙,最少为上颌切牙。其中上颌牙列根面龋最多见的是远中面,下颌牙列根面龋多见于唇颊面。牙龈退缩的平均牙数（24.25±7.09）颗、龋坏根面（1.12±0.25）个、充填根面（2.88±0.47）个、平均缺牙数（6.42±2.10）颗;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示高龄（OR=1.333）、男性（OR=1.997）、保留牙数量多（OR=2.557）是老年根面龋发生的危险因素（P<0.05）,刷牙频率高（OR=0.069）是老年根面龋发生的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：老年根面龋患病率处于高水平,且以下颌第一前磨牙最常见,其中高龄、男...     

唐山地区混合牙列期正常牙合青少年下颌牙弓及双侧第一磨牙三维方向生长发育变化研究

目的:探究唐山地区年龄为10岁处于混合牙列期正常牙合青少年下颌牙弓及下颌双侧第一磨牙在三维方向上的生长发育变化。方法:对唐山地区某小学年龄为10岁的正常牙合青少年进行筛选,按照标准筛选出研究样本40例(男20例,女20例)。每年取石膏模型一副,连续跟踪两年,应用3-shape扫描仪扫描石膏模型,将其转化为数字模型。在数字模型上进行牙弓及第一磨牙三维方向上的生长发育变化的研究。结果:过去两年中,下颌前部牙弓长度(LAAL)增加了0.556mm,下颌全部牙弓长度(LTAL)增加了2.067mm,下颌乳尖牙或恒尖牙间牙弓宽度(LICW)增加了2.904mm,下颌第一磨牙间牙弓宽度(LIMW)增加了2.172mm。年龄为12岁的男性LIMW大于女性。右下第一磨牙颊舌向倾斜度(LR6BL)和左下第一磨牙颊舌向倾斜度(LL6BL)分别增加了2.841°和5.410°。结论:10～12岁正常牙合青少年的下颌前部牙弓长度(LAAL)、下颌全部牙弓长度(LTAL)、下颌乳尖牙或恒尖牙间牙弓宽度(LICW)、下颌第一磨牙间牙弓宽度(LIMW)均随年龄增长而增加。年龄为12岁的男性第一磨牙间牙弓宽度均大于女性。下颌双侧第一磨牙随年龄的增加呈颊向倾斜,而近远中向倾斜度无明显变化。年龄为12岁的男女下颌第一磨牙的近远中和颊舌向倾斜度无性别差异。     

石家庄地区替牙期未萌尖牙、前磨牙宽度和预测方程的建立

目的：通过模型分析找到石家庄地区尖牙、前磨牙宽度和与其他牙齿的相关关系,并建立回归方程以预测未萌尖牙、前磨牙的宽度和。方法：取2008～2010年河北医科大学第一医院正畸科初诊患者的研究模型,按一定标准随机选出恒牙列模型322副,利用电子游标卡尺（精度0.01mm）测量牙冠近远中径,并对测量值进行相关与回归分析。结果：上下颌中切牙同上颌第一磨牙的组合与尖牙、前磨牙宽度和的相关度最高,且具有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,其线性回归方程为：男性Y=0.75X＋4.02（上颌）,Y=0.81X＋1.63（下颌）;女性Y=0.57X＋8.37（上颌）,Y=0.68X＋4.84（下颌）。Y代表一侧未萌尖牙、前磨牙近远中宽度和,X代表双侧上颌第一磨牙及上、下颌中切牙的近远中宽度和的一半。结论：①上下颌中切牙及上颌第一磨牙的组合同尖牙、前磨牙宽度和的相关度最高;②初步建立了本地区尖牙、前磨牙与其他牙齿的线性回归方程,可用于本地区替牙期未萌尖牙、前磨牙宽度和的预测。     

影响后牙折裂的相关因素分析

目的:分析238颗后牙折裂牙的临床检查情况,探讨其可能的影响因素。方法:来自212个患者的238颗诊断为后牙折裂,记录患者年龄、性别、牙位、折裂牙的隐裂线走向,是否有充填体,临床症状和体征。结果:238颗患牙确诊为牙折裂,其中诊断为牙隐裂163颗(68.5%),牙根纵裂28颗(11.8%),牙齿劈裂20颗(8.4%),牙尖折裂27颗(11.3%)。其中190颗(79.8%)患牙咬合测试疼痛。患者的年龄从25～70岁(20～29,5.4%,30～39岁,25.5%,40～49,34.1%。50～59,24.9%,60～69,10.2%。>70,0.9%),性别差异没有显著性(男性48.6%,女性51.4%,P>0.05)。上颌第一磨牙发病率最高(37.8%),下颌第一磨牙次之(21.0%),下颌第二磨牙17.2%,上颌第二磨牙12.2%。73.5%的牙折裂发生在充填过的牙齿,发生牙根纵裂的28颗牙齿中有22颗(78.6%)有根管治疗史。结论:咬合测试是最可靠的牙折诊断指标;牙折更易发生于窝洞充填过的牙齿;牙根纵裂的发生与根管治疗有关。对折裂牙根据其临床特征进行早期诊断及治疗有利于保留患牙,恢复咬合功能。     

Helioseal F,窝沟封闭剂在6～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙早期窝沟中的临床应用

目的：评价Helioseal F,窝沟封闭剂在6～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙早期面窝沟龋中的临床应用。方法：收集临床初诊6～12岁替牙期儿童第一恒磨牙病例252例,采用自身双侧对照。实验组126例应用Helioseal F,窝沟封闭剂结合预防树脂充填术治疗;对照组126例仅用复合树脂简单充填,随防1～3年,对两组继发龋病发生率进行对比分析。结果：经过3年随防,实验组继发龋病发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;Helioseal F,窝沟封闭剂3年完全保留率、部分保留率、全部脱落率、分别为77.23%、12.20%、10.57%;封闭剂保留率与龋病发生率成负相关。结论：Helioseal F,窝沟封闭剂结合预防性树脂充填术可有效防治6～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙早期面窝沟龋。     

Prevalence of dental caries in preschool and primary school children in Mamre

In order to plan and implement a comprehensive dental preventive health programme for the children of Mamre, the prevalence of dental disease was determined for the children attending the preschool and the primary school in the village. The prevalence of dental caries is reported in this article. A high prevalence of caries in the primary dentition was found, 26.4% of all primary teeth present in the under-5.5-year age group, 41.0% of those in the 6-year age group, and 41.4% of those in the 9-year age group being decayed. The prevalence of dental caries in the permanent dentition was low but increased with age: 3.8% of all permanent teeth present in the 6-year age group, 3.7% of those in the 9-year age group, 6.3% of those in the 12-year age group and 7.2% of those in the 14-year age group being decayed.     

Lower dental caries prevalence associated to chronic kidney disease: a systematic review

Background

The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether there is any evidence in the literature referring to a lower prevalence of dental caries in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy individuals.

Methods

A search of the PubMed Medline, Ovid Medline and Cochrane Library databases was performed using the MeSH terms “dental caries” and “chronic renal failure”. To be eligible for entry in our study, controlled observational studies had to present a decayed, missing and filled index for primary teeth (dmft) and/or for permanent teeth (DMFT) in children and adolescents with CKD.

Results

After evaluation of title, keywords and abstracts of the articles selected, six articles met the inclusion criteria. Three of these six articles included studies which showed susceptibility to bias and possible confounding factors. A subsequent assessment of the six studies revealed that the mean caries indices in both primary (dmf) and permanent (DMF) teeth were lower in the children and adolescents with CKD compared with healthy individuals.

Conclusion

Data in the literature weakly support a lower prevalence of caries in children and adolescents with CKD than in their healthy counterparts. There is still a lack of well-designed studies that provide better scientific evidence in support of this conclusion.     

In vitro comparison of laser fluorescence performance with visual examination for detection of occlusal caries in permanent and primary molars

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the DIAGNOdent 2095 with visual examination for occlusal caries detection in permanent and primary molars. The sample comprised 148 permanent human molars and 179 primary human molars. The samples were measured and visually examined three times by two examiners. After measurement, the teeth were histologically prepared and assessed for caries extension. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were calculated. Intra-class correlation (ICC), unweighted kappa and the Bland and Altman method were used to assess inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility. DIAGNOdent showed higher specificity and lower sensitivity than did visual examination. The ICC values indicated an excellent agreement between the examinations. Kappa values varied from good to excellent for DIAGNOdent but from poor to good for visual examination. In conclusion, the DIAGNOdent may be a useful adjunct to conventional methods for occlusal caries detection.     

儿童恒牙外伤的临床分析

目的:儿童恒牙外伤病例的临床分析,总结儿童恒牙外伤的特点。方法:对2011~2012年咸阳儿童医院儿童口腔科收治20例7~12岁儿童恒牙外伤后38颗牙,经牙冠树脂修复、活髓切断术、松牙固定术等治疗。结果:经1~2年随访观察,38颗牙经治疗愈合良好36颗,2颗仍在愈后随访中,成功率为94%。结论:儿童恒牙外伤对儿童的牙齿生长发育,咬合关系等会产生重要影响,积极治疗和预防是非常重要的。     

Prevalence of dental anomalies, ectopic eruption and associated oral malformations in subjects with Treacher Collins syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of dental anomalies in the deciduous and permanent teeth, ectopic eruption of permanent first molars, and associated oral malformations in individuals with Treacher Collins syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical and radiographic examination of 15 patients with Treacher Collins syndrome, from the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of the University of S?o Paulo, not submitted to orthodontic or orthognathic treatment. RESULTS: Dental anomalies were present in 60% of the sample, with 1-8 anomalies per individual. Hypoplastic dental anomalies were the most common, followed by heterotopic and hyperplastic dental alterations. The most frequent anomalies were tooth agenesis (33.3%), mainly affecting the mandibular second premolars, and enamel opacities (20% of patients). Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first molars was found in 13.3% of subjects. Associated oral malformations, primarily isolated cleft palate, followed by complete cleft lip and palate and macrostomia, were observed in 66.7% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of cleft palate associated with the syndrome is in agreement with the literature. The high prevalence of dental anomalies suggests a possible etiologic relationship, not described in the literature so far, between such alterations and the Treacher Collins syndrome. Further investigations on larger samples are required to confirm these results.     

Dental malocclusion is associated with reduced systemic bone mineral density in adolescents.

There is no published data about associations between the state of dentition and bone mass in adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the prevalence of caries and dental malocclusion is associated with bone mass during growth. In 123 healthy Caucasian subjects (72 males, 51 females) aged 14-18 yr, DMFT figures (decayed teeth, missing teeth, filled teeth) and presence of malocclusion, according to Angle classification, were determined. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding dental hygiene, physical activity level, and consumption of sweets. Anthropometry and pubertal stages were examined. Bone mineral density (BMD) was examined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the total body, head, and lumbar spine. No association was found between DMFT (mean+/-SD: 8.33+/-3.9) and BMD or Z-scores for BMD. Malocclusion was found in 49 subjects (39.8%) and was more prevalent in females than males. Malocclusion was associated with lower total BMD independently of body size (p=0.001; Z-scores: -0.21+/-0.27 vs +0.33+/-0.17; p=0.1) in males (but not females), producing odds ratio 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-2.34%; p=0.02). Head BMD was also lower in the males with malocclusion than in those without (p=0.004). Neither caries nor the tooth loss appear to be associated with BMD during growth. Boys with malocclusion are at higher risk of reduced BMD. This suggests that inadequate bone mass accrual in males coexists with impaired growth of the masticatory system in childhood and adolescence, however, the causal pathway is unknown. Factors that produce malocclusion may also affect bone mass or size but further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the relationship.     

Pulpal safety of 9.6 microm TEA CO2 laser used for caries prevention

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lasers are used for several procedures involving hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. A potential future application is the use of the CO2 laser to alter the surface structure of tooth enamel to render it more resistant to caries. A new 9.6 microm wavelength transverse excited atmospheric pressure (TEA) CO2 laser (Argus Photonics, Jupiter, FL) has been investigated as a device that can be used for this purpose without harming the dental pulp. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Erupted caries- and restoration-free third molars (n = 24 participants; 74 teeth) were used in the study. Teeth were irradiated at an incident fluence of 1.5 J/cm2, a repetition rate of 10 Hz and a spot size 1 mm in diameter. At the low and high settings, 200-400 pulses at 5-8 microseconds pulse duration were delivered at 12 mJ per pulse for a total energy of 2.4 or 4.8 J delivered for 20 or 40 seconds, respectively. Other teeth were subjected to a sham dental procedure (positive control) or no procedure (negative control). Prior to testing, radiographs were taken of all teeth, and they were assessed pulpally using heat, cold, and electricity to determine vitality. The teeth were removed either immediately or at 1 week or 1 month after testing. RESULTS: Teeth were bioprepared and examined histologically for signs of inflammation. Only one tooth developed symptoms of sensitivity to cold for 10 days following exposure to the high power level. The sensitivity was of fleeting duration and was judged to be reversible pulpitis. All teeth tested responded normally at pre-testing and pre-extraction time periods. Histological examination of all teeth disclosed no indication of an inflammatory response in the pulp tissue at any time point. All sections appeared normal with no changes seen in the normal pulpal morphology. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the 9.6 microm wavelength laser causes no permanent/serious pulpal damage at the energy levels used and can be used safely for caries prevention treatments in humans.     

唇侧近中倾斜阻生上尖牙的导萌技巧

目的探讨唇侧近中倾斜阻生上尖牙的导萌技巧。方法收集上尖牙唇侧近中倾斜阻生的患者38例。以上颌第1磨牙带环颊侧的钩作为施力点，牵引阻生的尖牙首先向远中倾斜移动并直立，待避开对侧切牙的压迫后，再向牙弓内移动。结果38例矫治效果良好。平均治疗时间18个月。5例拔除埋伏较深的阻生尖牙，关闭牙弓间隙；4例拔除根吸收的侧切牙，19例拔除前磨牙，其余10例未拔牙，均牵引尖牙至牙弓内。矫治过程未加重邻牙牙根吸收。结论上尖牙唇侧近中倾斜阻生时，将上颌第1磨牙带环颊侧钩作为牵引点，应用弹力线牵拉尖牙向远中移动并直立后，再向牙弓内牵引，可以顺利地矫治阻生牙及保护邻牙。     

Nutritional status and dental caries in a large sample of 4- and 5-year-old South African children.

BACKGROUND: Evidence from studies involving small samples of children in Africa, India and South America suggests a higher dental caries rate in malnourished children. A comparison was done to evaluate wasting and stunting and their association with dental caries in four samples of South African children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on random sampling of birth records of two age bands. METHODS: A total of 2,728 4- and 5-year-old South African children from one rural community and three urban communities were examined for nutritional status and dental caries. RESULTS: In the total sample prevalences of wasting were mild (28%), moderate (4%) and severe (2%). For stunting the prevalences were mild (13%), moderate (3%) and severe (1%). For both conditions rural children showed higher proportions than the other groups. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences for wasting and stunting between the study groups. No significant association was found between the prevalence of caries and stunting or wasting, but an association was noted between wasting and decayed, missing and filled (dmf) surfaces (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In the series of children studied, nutritional status was not found to be clinically relevant to dental caries prevalence and experience.