茅莓对体内及体外白血病K562细胞生长的抑制作用

Objective：To determine the antiproliferative activity of Rubus parvifolius L.（RP）extract,its medicinal serum and RP total saponins（RPTS）against K562 cells in vitro and in vivo.Methods：Nude mice models bearing leukemia tumors were treated with different concentrations of RP extract.The size,weight and histopathological change of leukemic tumors were determined.Semi-solid agar culture and methylthiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT）assay were used to determine in vitro the inhibition of colony formation and proliferation of K562 cells respectively by different concentrations of RP medicinal serum and RPTS.Results：RP extract had a tumor inhibition rate of 84.8%when administered to mice at a dose of 1.0 g/day of crude RP root equivalent.Semi-solid agar culture of K562cells in the presence of 20%（v/v）of RP medicinal serum and 150 mg/L RPTS demonstrated a 50.8%and 100%inhibition of the colony forming unit（CFU）-K562,respectively.The same doses of RP medicinal serum and RPTS showed a proliferation inhibition of 31.4%and 86.3%,respectively against K562 cells in MTT assay.Conclusion：RP extract and RPTS show effective antiproliferative activity against myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo.     

Effects of Panaxadiol Saponins Component as A New Chinese Patent Medicine on Proliferation, Differentiation and Corresponding Gene Expression Profile of Megakaryocytes

Objective:To investigate the effects of panaxadiol saponins component(PDS-C) isolated from total saponins of panax ginseng on proliferation,differentiation and corresponding gene expression profile of megakaryocytes.Methods:Bone marrow culture of colony forming assay of megakaryocytic progenitor cells(CFU-MK) was observed for the promoting proliferation mediated by PDS-C,and differentiation of megakaryocytic blasts caused by PDS-C was analyzed with flow cytometry in CHRF-288 and Meg-01 cells,as well as proliferation,differentiation-related genes expression profile and protein expression levels were detected by human gene expression microarray and western blot.Results:In response to PDS-C 10,20 and 50 mg/L,CFU-MK from 10 human bone marrow samples was increased by 28.9%±2.7%,41.0%±3.2%and 40.5%±2.6%over untreated control,respectively(P0.01,each).Flow cytometry analysis showed that PDS-C treated CHRF-288 cells and Meg-01 cells significantly increased in CD42 b,CD41,TSP and CD36 positive ratio,respectively.PDS-C induced29 genes up-regulated more than two-fold commonly in both cells detected by human expression microarray representing 4000 known genes.The protein expression levels of ZNF91,c-Fos,BTF3 a,GATA-1,RGS2,NDRG2 and RUNX1 were increased with western blot in correspond to microarray results.Conclusion:PDS-C as an effective component for hematopoiesis,play the role to enhance proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes,also up-regulated expression of proliferation,differentiation-related genes and proteins in vitro.     

Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on proliferation and differentiation in NIH3T3 cells

Objective:To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on the proliferation and differentiation in NIH3T3 cells.Methods:NIH3T3 cells were treated by various concentrations of PNS 0,0.05, 0.10,0.20,and 0.40 g/L.The vitality and proliferation potential of cells were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay,the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity was measured by p-nitrophenyl phosphate(pNPP)assay,and the mineralization formation ability was tested for the cellular differentiation toward osteoblast,as well as the expression level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinasel/2(P-ERK1/2),extracellular signal-regulated kinasel/2(ERK1/2)protein kinase was analyzed by Western blot with total cell lysate of NIH3T3 cells treated by PNS.Results:Both MTT andρNPP assay showed that optical density(OD)values were increased in response to PNS treatment at a dose-dependent pattern. The mineralization formation ability was enhanced in PNS-treated NIH3T3 cells compared with untreated cells. Meanwhile,the expression level of P-ERK1/2 protein kinase was up-regulated in PNS-treated NIH3T3 cells, while,the expression level of ERK1/2 protein kinase revealed no obvious difference with or without PNS treated cells.Conclusion:PNS could pay a role to promote the proliferation and differentiation in NIH3T3 cells by means of up-regulation of P-ERK1/2 protein kinase.     

三七总皂苷对K562细胞增殖、凋亡及周期的影响及机制

目的研究三七总皂苷（PNS）对K562 细胞增殖、凋亡、周期的影响及其相关分子机制。方法采用MTT法检测PNS对
K562细胞增殖的影响;AO/EB双荧光染色法及Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色法观察细胞凋亡及死亡状况;流式细胞术检测K562
细胞的周期变化;RT-PCR检测mTOR信号通路主要分子mRNA的表达变化;Western blot 检测cleaved caspase-3 蛋白、cyclin
D1蛋白及mTOR信号通路主要蛋白及磷酸化蛋白的表达量变化。结果100~800 μg/mL的PNS 作用于K562细胞后能够抑制
细胞增殖。PNS能够上调cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达,促使K562细胞发生凋亡。并且下调cyclin D1蛋白表达,促使K562细胞
阻滞在G0/G1期。同时,PNS 能够抑制K562 细胞mTOR mRNA 表达,降低mTOR 蛋白和磷酸化蛋白p-mTOR（Ser2448）、
p-p70S6K（Thr229/389）及p-4E-BP1（Thr37/46）的表达,从而抑制mTOR信号通路活性。结论PNS 对体外培养K562细胞有抑
制增殖,促进凋亡,使其发生周期阻滞的作用。其机制可能与PNS抑制mTOR信号通路活性、上调cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达
及抑制cyclin D1蛋白表达有关。
     

Exploring Mechanisms of Panax notoginseng Saponins in Treating Coronary Heart Disease by Integrating Gene Interaction Network and Functional Enrichment Analysis

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) in treating coronary heart disease(CHD) by integrating gene interaction network and functional enrichment analysis. Methods: Text mining was used to get CHD and PNS associated genes. Gene–gene interaction networks of CHD and PNS were built by the Gene MANIA Cytoscape plugin. Advanced Network Merge Cytoscape plugin was used to analyze the two networks. Their functions were analyzed by gene functional enrichment analysis via DAVID Bioinformatics. Joint subnetwork of CHD network and PNS network was identified by network analysis. Results: The 11 genes of the joint subnetwork were the direct targets of PNS in CHD network and enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. PNS could affect other 85 genes by the gene–gene interaction of joint subnetwork and these genes were enriched in other 7 pathways. The direct mechanisms of PNS in treating CHD by targeting cytokines to relieve the inflammation and the indirect mechanisms of PNS in treating CHD by affecting other 7 pathways through the interaction of joint subnetwork of PNS and CHD network. The genes in the 7 pathways could be potential targets for the immunologic adjuvant, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic, anti-platelet and anti-hypertrophic activities of PNS. Conclusion: The key mechanisms of PNS in treating CHD could be anticoagulant and hypolipidemic which are indicated by analyzing biological functions of hubs in the merged network.     

Effect of new zhengtian pill on expression of whole blood platelet membrane adhesion molecules in patients of migraine

Objective

To investigate the effect of New Zhengtian Pill (NZTP) on expression of whole blood platelet membrane adhesion molecules (PMAM) in patients of migraine.

Methods

Sixty-eight patients were divided into two groups, the 35 patients in the treated group treated by NZTP orally and the 33 patients in the control group treated by Fuguiqin Capsule with a therapeutic course of 30 days for both groups. Changes of PMAM GP II b/III a (CD₄₁) and P-selectin (CD₆₂P) were observed by flow-cytometry and compared with those in healthy persons.

Results

The markedly effective rate and total effective rate in the treated group was higher than those in the control group respectively (P<0.05 andP<0.01). The PMAM expression was also higher in patients, both at onset stage and intermittent stage, than in healthy persons (P<0.01), NZTP treatment could reduce their increased expression significantly (P<0.01).

Conclusion

NZTP could reduce the PMAM expression and inhibit the activation of platelet.     

Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells via altering the oxidative stress level and down-regulating caspase-3

Objective

To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Methods

The effects of different concentrations of PNS on proliferation and early osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs were determined by the MTT assay and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. An optimal effective concentration of PNS was determined and used in subsequent experiments. The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups: untreated control, H₂O₂ treated, and PNS pretreatment of H₂O₂ treated. The oxidative stress level was assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Flow cytometry was used to determine BMSC apoptosis by staining with annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide (PI). The activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry.

Results

PNS (0.1g/L) significantly increased both BMSC proliferation rate and ALP activity, while it decreased the indicators of oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity, and the apoptosis rate of BMSCs induced by H₂O_2..

Conclusion

PNS, acting as a biological antioxidant, had a protective effect on H₂O₂-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by decreasing oxidative stress and down-regulating caspase-3.     

Effect of tongxinluo capsule on plasma endothelin and calcitonin gene related peptide in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Objective:ToinvestigatetheeffectofTongxinluocapsule(TXLC)onthepatientswithunstableanginapectoris(UAP).Methods:Pa tientsofUAPweredividedintotwogroups,thetreatedgroup(n =60 )wastreatedwithTXLCandtheDanshengroup(n =3 0 )wastreatedwithcompositeDanshentablet.T…     

Clinical study on treatment of children attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by Jiangqian Granule

Objective

To explore the effect of Jiangqian granule (JQG) in treating children attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its mechanism.

Methods

Eighty children with ADHD were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group treated with JQG and the control group treated with Ritalin. Blood lead concentration and Conners scoring were measured before and after 3 months treatment and the therapeutic effects were assessed. Besides, blood lead concentration and Conners scoring in 60 healthy children were also determined for control.

Results

The total effective rate in the treated group and the control group was 92.5% and 72.5% respectively, significant difference existed between the two groups. Blood lead level and Conners scores in ADHD patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control (P<0.01). The two parameters decreased after treatment in both groups, but the lowering was more significant in the treated group (P<0.05,P <0.01).

Conclusion

Blood lead concentration raised in ADHD patients, JQG could enhance the clinical therapeutic effect by means of reducing the blood lead.     

Clinical observation of treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn by integrated traditional chinese and western medicine

Objective: To find a method of treatment for correcting hyperbilirubinemia timely and effectively to prevent bilirubin induced cerebral damage in the newborn. Methods: The newborns with hyperbilirubinemia in the treated group were treated with conventional treatment plus Butyribacterial preparation (BBP) and Simo Decoction (SMD, 四磨饮) taken orally, and the effect was compared with that in control group A treated with conventional treatment only and that in control group B treated with conventional treatment plus BBP. Results: The mean daily decreasing rate of bilirubin in the treated group was 51.11±25.03 μmol/L, which was higher than that in control groups A (39.36±22.44 μmol/L) and B (43.24±24.18 μmol/L), respectively (P<0.01 and P<0.05). The bilirubin decreasing value on the first day and the speed of bilirubin decreasing (to 102.6 μmol/L) in the treated group were both higher than those in the control groups, P<0.01. Conclusion: The combined therapy of conventional treatment plus BBP and SMD could rapidly reduce the blood bilirubin level in the newborn with hyperbilirubinemia, and shorten the therapeutic course markedly, and the therapeutic effect is superior to that of the conventional treatment alone or that of the conventional treatment plus BBP only.     

Clinical study on treatment of reinforcing kidney and activating blood circulation principle in treating chronic pyelonephritis

Objective

To study the effect and mechanism of the treatment for reinforcing Kidney and activating blood circulation (RKAB) in treating chronic pyelonephritis.

Methods

Using RKAB combined with western drugs to treat 41 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and controlled with 30 patients treated with western drugs only. Changes of kidney morphology, renal function were observed, and the long-term efficacy of treatment was pursued.

Results

The short-term effective rate in the treated group and the control group was 90. 24% (37/41) and 86. 67% (26/30) respectively, with no significant difference between them (P>0. 05). The long-term effective rate in the two groups was 70.73% (29/41) and 30.00% (9/30) respectively with significant difference (P<0. 01). Moreover, the occurrence of morphological change of kidney and renal dysfunction in the treated group was later than that in the control group (P<0. 01).

Conclusion

RKAB treatment could raise the long-term effect in treating chronic pyelonephritis, alleviate/ block the morphological change of kidney and retard the progressing of renal dysfunction.     

胰岛素通过调控PI3K和Erk通路促进人白血病细胞株K562增殖和迁移

目的:观察胰岛素对白血病细胞株K562中PI3K及Erk信号通路的影响及其对K562细胞增殖和迁移的影响?方法:分别采用0?25?50?100和200 nmol/L胰岛素处理K562细胞48 h及200 nmol/L胰岛素处理K562细胞0?12?24和48 h?采用Western blot方法检测K562细胞中PI3K及Erk信号通路的活化情况;采用MTT方法检测胰岛素对K562细胞增殖的影响;采用伤口愈合实验检测胰岛素对K562细胞迁移能力的影响;采用PI3K及Erk信号通路抑制剂LY294002及U0126处理K562细胞,观察PI3K及Erk信号通路在胰岛素促K562细胞增殖和迁移中的作用?结果:同0 nmol/L胰岛素处理组相比,25?50?100?200 nmol/L的胰岛素均可显著上调K562细胞中PI3K及Erk的磷酸化水平,加强K562细胞的增殖能力(P < 0.01)?同0 h组相比,200 nmol/L的胰岛素处理K562细胞12?24和48 h,亦可显著上调K562细胞中PI3K及Erk的磷酸化水平,加强K562细胞的增殖能力(P < 0.01)?同时,同对照组相比,200 nmol/L胰岛素处理48 h后,K562细胞迁移能力均显著增强(P < 0.01)?采用PI3K及Erk信号通路抑制剂LY294002及U0126预处理K562细胞后,胰岛素促K562细胞增殖和迁移的能力显著降低(P < 0.01)?结论:胰岛素可通过激活K562细胞中的PI3K及Erk信号通路,进而增强K562细胞的增殖和迁移能力?     

交泰丸通过骨骼肌磷脂酰肌醇(-3)激酶通路提高糖尿病大鼠胰岛素信号强度

Objective: To investigate the effect of Jiaotai Pill (交泰丸, JTP) at different constitutional proportions on insulin signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Methods: The rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established by intravenous injection of a small dose of streptozotoein plus high fat diet feeding. JTP at the same dosage of cinnamon and the increasing dosage of Coptis chinensis was administered to diabetic rats for nine weeks respectively. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were assayed. The expressions of proteins were determined by Western blot method. Results: All the three formulations of JTP decreased plasma glucose and fasting insulin levels as well as increased the protein expressions of insulin receptor β (InsRβ) subunit, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), PI3K p85 subunit and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, JTP increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of InsRβ subunit and IRS-1, and reduced the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, the effect of JTP on improving insulin sensitivity was not dose-dependent. In contrast, JTP containing the least amount of Coptis chinensis exhibited the best effect. Conclusion: JTP at different constitutional proportions attenuates the development of diabetes in a rat model of T2DM. The mechanism might be associated with enhancing insulin signaling through PI3K pathway in the skeletal muscle.     

褪黑素对巨核细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制研究

目的探讨褪黑素（melatonin,Mel）对巨核细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法巨核细胞细胞株CHRF-288-11去血清诱导凋亡,加或不加Mel共培养后,流式细胞仪检测凋亡指标：AnnexinV／PI、Caspase-3和JC-1,并与正常组和TPO组比较。同时检测信号通路AKT、ERK1／2,了解其参与保护作用的机制。结果Mel 200nmol／L作用72h后,CHRF细胞AnnexinV／PI、Caspase-3和JC-1的表达较对照组有明显下降,分别由42．9％、29．5％、47．7％降至31．7％（P〈0．05）、21．8％（P〈0．05）和37．2％（P〈0．05）。其中,JC-1的表达与TPO组（20．7&#177;5．2）％比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而Annexin V／PI、Caspase-3的表达与TPO组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。加入Mel后CHRF细胞的磷酸化AKT、ERK1／2水平明显增高,分别由（5．9&#177;0．1）％、（6．1&#177;0．4）％升至（9．5&#177;0．1）％（P〈0．05）、（9．3&#177;0．5）％（P〈0．05）。结论Mel可抑制巨核细胞凋亡,其保护机制可能通过AKT、ERK信号通路发挥作用。     

Acute intestinal failure in surgical patients: an audit of incidence, management and outcomes in an irish hospital, and compliance with ASGBI guidelines

Background

Acute intestinal failure (AIF) is defined as an inability to tolerate 80% of nutritional requirements delivered enterally for a minimum of 48?h. In surgical patients it commonly relates to abdominal sepsis, intestinal obstruction, or ileus. The prevalence of AIF in surgical units in Ireland has not previously been studied.

Methods

We retrospectively audited the general surgical and ICU departments in St James??s Hospital over a 3-month period to identify patients with AIF and followed their management and outcomes focusing on the need for artificial nutrition and surgical intervention.

Results

Fifty-four surgical patients (11.4% of surgical emergency admissions) were diagnosed with AIF over the 3-month period. Of these, 30 (55.6%) required nutritional support; 26 (48.2%) had surgical?±?radiological intervention and 6 (11.1%) had radiological intervention alone. Abdominal sepsis was present in 17 (31.5%) patients, a group that required significantly longer parenteral (14.6 vs. 6.7?days, p 0.029) and enteral (13.9 vs. 2.2?days, p 0.005) nutrition than AIF patients without abdominal sepsis. AIF also took longer to resolve in (5.8 vs. 4.2?days, p 0.024) in sepsis versus nonsepsis patients. The majority of patients (n?=?43, 80%) were referred to clinical nutrition teams early after having symptoms for 3.77?days (range 1?C21) and 72% had complete nutritional assessment clearly documented.

Conclusion

AIF is common, and can often be treated conservatively. Early linkage with nutrition services is recommended. Early diagnosis of abdominal sepsis is important as this cohort of patients can be particularly difficult to manage.     

Effects of ixeris sonchifolia on platelet function and hemorrheology of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Objective: To observe the effects of Ixeris sonchifolia Hance (ISH) on platelet function and hemorrheology in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods: Thirtythree type 2 DM patients were treated with 20 ml ISH per day, intravenously dripping for 15 days; 31 patients in the red sage treated group were treated with composite red sage injection intravenous dripping for 15 days, and their changes of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa compound (GPⅡb/Ⅲa), granular membrane protein140 (GMP140), platelet aggregation rate (PAgR) and hemorrheology were observed. Results: After treatment with ISH, the GPⅡb/Ⅲa compound positive rate of 33 type 2 DM patients were lowered (P<0.05), GMP140 showed lowering trend, PAgR obviously reduced, and compared with before treatment it showed significant difference; comparison between the two groups after treatment,it showed significant difference (P<0.05, P<0.01). At the same time, the various parameters of hemorrheology displayed significant improvement. There was no adverse effect during the course of treatment. Conclusion: ISH could improve platelet function and abnormal hemorrheology of type 2 DM patients, which is vital for the treatment of DM and their vascular lesion.