Effect of Acupuncture on the Notch Signaling Pathway in Rats with Brain Injury

Objective

To observe the effect of acupuncture on the Notch signaling pathway in rats with traumatic brain injury and to explore the pathogenesis of acupuncture intervention on traumatic brain injury.

Methods

Feeney’s freefall epidural impact method was used to establish a traumatic brain injury model in rats; the rats were randomly divided into a normal group, sham operation group, model group and acupuncture group. Acupuncture was performed in the Baihui (DU 20), Shuigou (DU 26), Fengfu (DU 16), Yamen (DU 15) and Hegu (LI 4) acupoints in the rat, and Yamen was punctured via Fengfu. Then, the rats in each group were randomly divided into three subgroups, namely the day 3 subgroup, day 7 subgroup and day 14 subgroup according to treatment duration. The modified neurological severity scores (mNss) method was used to perform neurobehavioral scoring for evaluating the degree of injury in the rats. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method was used to observe the pathological change in the brain tissue of rats in each group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) technology was used to detect changes in the Notch1, Hes1 and Hes5 gene expression levels in the cortex on the injured side. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression changes.

Results

One day after modeling, the mNss scores in the model group and in the acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the normal and sham operation groups (P<0.01) ; there was no statistically significant difference between the normal group and the sham operation group. The scores decreased with increased treatment time, and the scores in the acupuncture group decreased more significantly than those in the model group (P<0.01). The pathological examination by the HE staining method demonstrated that the brain tissue of the rats in the acupuncture and model groups relatively significantly changed. The Notch1 gene expression level in the acupuncture group was significantly higher than the level in all of the other groups (P<0.01) ; the Hes1 and Hes5 gene expression levels were also higher in the acupuncture group. The expression changes of the Notch1 and Hes1 protein were consistent with that of mRNA. In each experimental group, the mNss score and the pathological results by the HE staining method were consistent with the mRNA results.

Conclusion

Acupuncture could significantly promote high expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Hes5 in the brain tissue of traumatic brain injury rats. Therefore, acupuncture might be an important intervention for inducing endogenous stem cell proliferation and for promoting nerve repair.

     

针灸刺激对健康人及中风患者功能磁共振显像脑活动的影响

Objective

To investigate brain activity patterns during acupuncture in stroke patients, and to compare the result with normal subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods

A total of 11 stroke patients with motor weakness and 10 healthy subjects were studied. fMRI was performed during acupuncture on the left side at points Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36). Data were analyzed using statistical parametric maps of brain activation induced by acupuncture stimulation.

Results

The results showed that stimulation of both LI11 and ST36 produced significantly different brain activation patterns between the two groups. The normal group showed a greater overall activation than the stroke group. In the normal group, parts of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, sub-lobar, cerebellum and midbrain regions were activated by acupuncture at the left LI11. On the other hand, only the right side of the inferior parietal lobule region was activated in the stroke patients. When the left ST36 was stimulated in the normal group, both sides of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and sub-lobar, and the left side of occipital lobe, and the right side of cerebellum and midbrain regions were activated. For the same stimulation in the stroke group, only both sides of the inferior parietal lobule and cerebellum regions were activated (P<0.05, cluster level). Deactivation pattern was not noted during any acupuncture stimulation in both groups.

Conclusion

Brain signal activations during the same acupuncture were different between the healthy and the stroke patients, and the effects showed a correlation of different acupuncture points.     

bFGF、EGF对新生大鼠海马神经干细胞分化的影响

目的　观察碱性成纤维生长因子 (bFGF)、表皮生长因子 (EGF)对新生大鼠海马神经干细胞生长和分化的影响。方法　从新生大鼠海马分离培养神经干细胞 ,采用免疫荧光法检测神经上皮干细胞蛋白 (Nestin)的表达 ,使用bFGF、EGF作为诱导因子 ,通过免疫荧光染色和流式细胞仪分选细胞的方法检测神经干细胞分化为 3种神经细胞的状况。结果　取材细胞大部分为Nestin免疫阳性细胞 ,各实验组均可促进培养细胞的生长和分化 ,bFGF能明显增加神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)的表达 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,EGF能明显增加胶质原纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP)的表达(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　bFGF倾向于诱导干细胞增殖并向神经元方向分化 ,EGF则倾向于诱导干细胞向胶质细胞分化 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

针刺醒脑清督法对大脑性麻痹患儿神经发育和矫正治疗作用的临床观察

Objective

To investigate the effects of clearing the Governor Vessel and refreshing the mind needling in neural development and remediation of children with cerebral palsy.

Methods

A total of 200 cases of children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to the treatment group (100 patients) and the control group (100 patients). The treatment group was given the combined therapy of acupuncture and rehabilitation training, and the chosen acupoints were 13 points of the Governor Vessel, Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), and points of refreshing the mind were also selected, which included puncturing Shenting (GV 24) toward Qianding (GV 21), puncturing Qianding (GV 21) toward Baihui (GV 20), puncturing Baihui (GV 20) toward Naohu (GV 17) and Sishencong (Ex-HN 1). The control group was only treated with rehabilitation training. A contrastive analysis of the therapeutic effect between acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training and rehabilitation training alone was made after a treatment course of 3 months. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Beijing Gesell Developmental Scale were adopted to assess the neural development and rehabilitation outcomes of the two groups. In addition, skull CT/MRI was adopted to evaluate the plerosis of injured cerebral nerve after treatment.

Results

The total effective rate in treatment group was 87% (87/100), significantly higher than the 55% (55/100) in the control group. The children’s development quotient (DQ) tested by Gesell Developmental Scale and scores tested by GMFM in the treatment group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The improving and curing rates presented by skull CT/MRI in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01).

Conclusions

Clearing the Governor Vessel and refreshing the mind needling could accelerate the recovery of injured brain nerve and the reconstruction of brain function. The acupuncture therapy could ameliorate both the motor development and cognitive development. On the other hand, the forward curative effect of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training was significantly better than the rehabilitation training alone.     

Acupuncture Treatment Modulates the Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Brain Regions in Migraine Patients without Aura

Objective: To investigate the modulatory effect of acupuncture treatment on the resting-state functional connectivity of brain regions in migraine without aura(MWo A) patients. Methods: Twelve MWo A patients were treated with standard acupuncture treatment for 4 weeks. All MWo A patients received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) scanning before and after acupuncture treatment. Another 12 normal subjects matched in age and gender were recruited to serve as healthy controls. The changes of restingstate functional connectivity in MWo A patients before and after the acupuncture treatment and those with the healthy controls were compared. Results: Before acupuncture treatment, the MWo A patients had significantly decreased functional connectivity in certain brain regions within the frontal and temporal lobe when compared with the healthy controls. After acupuncture treatment, brain regions showing decreased functional connectivity revealed significant reduction in MWo A patients compared with before acupuncture treatment. Conclusions: Acupuncture treatment could increase the functional connectivity of brain regions in the intrinsic decreased brain networks in MWo A patients. The results provided further insights into the interpretation of neural mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for migraine.     

缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑内神经巢蛋白的变化及通心络对它的影响

目的 探讨神经巢蛋白（nestin）在脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经细胞的活化增殖情况及通心络对其影响。方法 采用大鼠缺血再灌注损伤（MCAO）模型，应用免疫组织化学方法观察缺血后3、7、14以及21d缺血侧室管膜及室管膜下区（SVZ）、海马齿状回（HDG）神经巢蛋白的变化。给予模型大鼠通心络灌胃，观察神经干细胞增殖分化的变化。结果 神经巢蛋白阳性细胞随缺血再灌注时间的延长，荧光强度值增加，第7、14、21天组与假手术组比较，差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。造模后通心络组BrdU阳性细胞荧光强度值和BrdU＋nestin免疫双标荧光强度值均高于脑缺血再灌注模型组,差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论 大鼠缺血再灌注损伤后可引起其缺血侧SVZ、HDG区神经干细胞反应和增殖；而通心络可显著增加MCAO大鼠神经干细胞增殖分化能力。     

两组功能相似穴位具有相同的神经表征：一项功能性核磁共振成像研究

Objective： To investigate whether the neural representations underlying alternating two acupoint combinations （ACs） are the same or not. Methods： In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, two sets of analgesia ACs were utilized, including Waiguan （TE5） and Qiuxu （GB40） for Group A, and Neiguan （PC6） and Taichong （LR3） for Group B, which are the most commonly adopted in clinical treatment. Each group had 20 healthy subjects. An experinlental design was proposed, which consisted of a pre-needling resting phase, a needling phase and a post-needling resting phase. This paradigm optimally mimics the clinical protocol as well as focuses on both the stimulation and the resting periods. The results were subjected to general linear model analysis, conjunction analysis and the functional connectivity analysis. Results： The rostral anterior cingulated cortex was engaged in the initiative period of the acupuncture effect in both groups, and it was chosen as the seed region for the functional connectivity analysis for the following resting period. The results showed that several shared brain regions were involved in both groups, in particular the insula, amygdala and hypothalamus. Moreover, significant differences were located at the posterior cingulated cortex as revealed by a two sample t-test （P〈0.05, corrected）. Other regions showed no significant differences. This finding was further supported by the spatial correlation analysis that the two groups were significantly correlated （r=0.51, P〈0.01）. Conclusion： This preliminary research helps us understand the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture when following clinical guidelines on ACs, as well as provides an important opportunity to develop better treatment strategies for reducing, or even preventing pain.     

针灸治疗慢性跟腱病：一项随机对照研究

Objective： To examine whether acupuncture treatment would improve outcome in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Methods： A randomized, controlled trial at two centers of 64 randomized patients aged 18 to 70 years with chronic Achilles tendinopathy was conducted from July 2007 to April 2010, with follow-up until October, 2010. These patients were randomly allocated into an acupuncture treatment group （acupuncture group） and an eccentric exercises group （control group）. The validated Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment- Achilles （VISA-A） questionnaire was completed at baseline and 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The pain at rest and after activity was accessed at baseline and 8 weeks with Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）. Results： After randomization into the acupuncture group or control group, one patient was loss of follow-up. The mean VISA-A score improved significantly after 8 weeks in the acupuncture group to 67.1 points [95% confidence interval （CI）, 64.1-70.2] and in the control group to 48.5 points （95% CI, 45.5-51.6） with an additional 18.6 points increase in acupuncture treatment patients （P=0.0000）. Acupuncture treatment resulted in a significant increase from baseline in VISA-A of 25.8 after 16 weeks and 28.4 after 24 weeks. Whereas, in the control group the increase from baseline in VISA-A were 10.0 and 16.6 after 16 and 24 weeks, respectively （P=0.0000）. The VAS diminished by 2.0 cm after activity, and by 1.5 cm at rest after 8 weeks in the control group. In the acupuncture group, the pain scores diminished significantly more than in the control group, with pain reduction of 3.7 cm after activity （P=0.0000） and 3.2 cm at rest （P=0.0000）. Conclusion： Acupuncture intervention could improve pain and activity in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy compared with eccentric exercises.     

热毒宁注射液对脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤大鼠的抗感染作用

Objective： To evaluate the protective effects of Reduning Injection （热毒宁注射液, RDN）, a patent Chinese medicine, on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced acute lung injury （ALl） in rats and its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods： Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including normal control, model, dexamethasone （DEX, 5 mg/kg）, RDN-H （720 mg/kg）, RDN-M （360 mg/kg） and RDN-L （180 mg/kg） groups, with 10 rats in each group. Rats were challenged with intravenous injection of LPS 1 h after intraperitoneal treatment with RDN or DEX. At 6 h after LPS challenge, lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were collected, and the number of inflammatory cells was determined. The right lungs were collected for histopathologic examination, measurement of gene and protein expressions, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activities. Results： In vivo pretreatment of RDN （360, 720 mg/kg） significantly reduced the weight of wet to dry （W/D） ratio of lung, protein content in BALF, and led to remarkable attenuation of LPS-induced histopathological changes in the lungs. Meanwhile, RDN enormously decreased BALF total inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil and macrophage cell numbers. Moreover, RDN increased SOD activity, inhibited MPO activity, alleviated LPS-induced tumor neurosis factor-o~ （TNF-o~） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） expression in lung tissues. Furthermore, RDN （720 mg/kg） efficiently weakened nuclear factor- kappa B （NF- K B） gene and protein expression. Conclusion： Anti-inflammatory effects of RDN was demonstrated to be preventing pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, lowering MPO activity, TNF-oL and iNOS gene expression by inhibiting NF- K B activity in LPS-induced ALl.     

Effects of Acupuncture with Meridian Acupoints and Three Anmian Acupoints on Insomnia and Related Depression and Anxiety State

Objective

To assess the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture with meridian acupoints combined with three Anmian acupoints.

Methods

Sixty subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the acupuncture with meridian acupoints group (Group A), and the acupuncture with meridian acupoints and three Anmian acupoints group (Group B) with 30 cases in each group. After 4-week treatment, the clinical therapeutic effects and scores for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), depression index and anxiety index were assessed in the two groups before and after treatment.

Results

The total effective rate of therapy was higher in Group B (93.3%) compared with that in the Group A (66.7%, P<0.05). When comparing after treatment with before treatment, there were significant differences in the PSQI score of sleep quality, time to sleep, sleep time, sleep disorders in Group A (P <0.05) and significant differences in the PSQI score of sleep quality, time to sleep, sleep time, sleep disorders and daytime disorders in Group B (P <0.01 or P<0.05). There were significant differences in total PSQI score between Group A and Group B (P<0.05). Both groups improved the depression and anxiety state of the patients, but acupuncture with meridian acupoints combined with three Anmian acupoints was more effective than meridian acupoints alone (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Acupuncture with meridian acupoints combined with three Anmian acupoints can improve the sleeping quality of patients with insomnia.     

小鼠孤雌胚胎干细胞直接向神经细胞诱导分化的实验研究

目的探讨小鼠孤雌胚胎干细胞在体外不经过拟胚体(EB）阶段,直接诱导分化为神经细胞的可行性。方法采用阶段诱导的方法,首先由孤雌胚胎干细胞向神经前体细胞定向分化,通过巢蛋白(nestin)免疫荧光细胞化学染色对神经前体细胞进行鉴定。在此基础上,撤除丝裂原,加入5%胎牛血清,观察已分化的神经前体细胞能否进一步分化为神经细胞,并对分化出的细胞进行免疫荧光细胞化学鉴定。结果经选择培养基培养3?d后的孤雌干细胞绝大多数可诱导为神经前体细胞,nestin呈阳性。加入血清进一步诱导,可分化出β-Ⅲ-tubline阳性的神经细胞。结论小鼠孤雌胚胎干细胞在体外不经EB培养阶段,可直接诱导分化为神经细胞,并且前期可得到大量的神经前体细胞。     

电针PC6（内关穴）对腹腔镜手术后阿片类物质导致恶心呕吐的预防作用

Objective

To investigate the treatment time dependence of electroacupuncture (EA) on Neiguan (PC6) for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Methods

One hundred and seventy-eight patients, who had received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with Fentanyl, were assigned randomly to three groups using random numbers: a pre-operative EA group (PrEA), a post-operative EA group (PoEA), and a non-acupuncture control group (NC). An anesthetist evaluated the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting for 48 h after surgery blindly. The main outcomes were severity and freguency of PONV, which were measured with a self-reported questionnaire and a confirmation from the anesthetist. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Z-test.

Results

The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the PrEA group than the NC group during 48 h after surgery (P<0.01, P<0.05). The incidence of vomiting was also significantly lower in the PrEA group than the PoEA group (P<0.05). The PoEA subjects evidenced no significant differences compared with the NC subjects in terms of the incidence of nausea and vomiting (P<0.05). The severity of nausea was significantly lower in the PrEA group than in the NC and PoEA groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions

EA on PC6 is effective in the prevention of PONV, and pre-operative acupuncture is more effective than post-operative acupuncture.     

胶质瘤U251细胞中CD133表达及干细胞特性分析

目的： 探讨CD133⁺细胞的生物学特性,分析CD133作为胶质瘤干细胞标记的可行性。方法： 利用免疫荧光染色检测U251细胞中CD133、巢蛋白（nestin）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶( NSE )、神经胶质细胞纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)等蛋白表达,分析CD133⁺细胞与CD133^－细胞中巢蛋白、NSE、GFAP阳性细胞存在的差异。结果： U251中CD133⁺细胞比例为0.060±0.003,在CD133⁺细胞中,巢蛋白阳性细胞,NSE和GFAP阴性细胞比CD133^－中明显增多;在CD133^－细胞中,也存在巢蛋白阳性细胞,数目较CD133⁺中明显减少,相反巢蛋白阴性细胞,NSE和GFAP阳性细胞明显增多。结论： 胶质瘤U251细胞存在CD133⁺细胞,在CD133阳性和阴性细胞中,均存在干细胞样细胞,但是在CD133⁺细胞中此类细胞更多。     

针灸脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠百会及足三里穴位对热休克蛋白70及肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的作用

Objective:To explore the effects of acupuncture on the peripheral serum expression of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-α)in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).Methods:In total,152 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into an operated group and a non-operated group according to a random digits table.The operated group included a sham-operated group,a model group and an acupuncture group,whereas the non-operated group consisted of a normal group.Except for the normal group,each group was further divided into 12,24,48,72,96,and 144 h time points according to different reperfusion times.Eight rats were assigned in each operated group and in the normal group.The rat model of CIRI was established by the thread occlusion method in the model and acupuncture groups.The acupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture at Baihui(DU20)and Zusanli(ST36)for the required time after successful operation.Blood was sampled to detect the HSP70 and TNF-αcontent by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The expression of HSP70 protein in the peripheral serum of the experimental groups was higher than that in the normal control group.The peak time in both the model and the sham-operated groups was 12 h,and the peak time in the acupuncture group was 24 h.The expression in the acupuncture group declined to a lower level at 72 h and was lower than that in the model and sham-operated groups(P0.05).The peak time for the expression of TNF-αprotein in the peripheral serum of both the model and the acupuncture groups was 24 h,but the expression in the acupuncture group was lower than the model group.Additionally,the expression of TNF-αin all experimental groups was higher than the normal group(P0.05).Conclusions:Acupuncture at DU20 and ST36 in rats attenuated CIRI,which was associated with a reduction in the expression of HSP70 and TNF-α.These results provide clues to acupunctural neuroprotective properties.Acupuncture at DU20 and ST36 in rats after CIRI can adjust the expression of HSP70 and TNF-αin the peripheral serum,which might be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture's attenuation of CIRI.     

淫羊藿苷促进神经干细胞的自我更新：体外激酶信号通路的调节作用

Objective:To investigate the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of icariin(ICA) on self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells(NSCs).Methods:NSCs were derived from forebrains of mice embryos by mechanical dissociation into single cell suspension.The self-renewal of NSCs was measured by neurosphere formation assay.The proliferation of NSCs was detected by water-soluble tetrazolium(WST)and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU) incorporation assay.Protein expression of neuron-specific marker tubulin-βⅢ(TuJ1) and astrocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) were measured by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Using microarray,the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were screened between NSCs with or without ICA treatment.The signaling pathways enriched by these DEGs and their role in mediating effects of ICA were analyzed.Results:ICA significantly promoted neurosphere formation of NSCs cultured in growth protocol in a dose-dependent manner and achieved the maximum effects at 100 nmol/L.ICA also increased optical absorbance value and EdU incorporation into nuclei of NSCs.ICA had no significant effects on the percentage of TuJ1 or GFAP-positive cells,and TuJ1 or GFAP protein expression in NSCs cultured in differentiation protocol.A total of 478 genes were found to be differentially regulated.Among signaling pathways significantly enriched by DEGs,mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway was of interest.Blockade of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/MAPK,other than p38/MAPK subfamily pathway partially abolished effects of ICA on neurosphere formation and EdU incorporation of NSCs.Conclusion:ICA can promote the selfrenewal of NSCs at least partially through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.     

Role of β2-adrenoceptor-β-arrestin2-nuclear factor-κB signal transduction pathway and intervention effects of oxymatrine in ulcerative colitis

Objective:To investigate the β2-adrenoceptor(β2AR)-β-arrestin2-nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signal transduction pathway and the intervention effects of oxymatrine in a rat model of ulcerative colitis.Methods: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups,which included the normal control group,the model group, the mesalazine group and the oxymatrine treatment group,with 10 rats per group.Experimental colitis induced with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) was established in each group except the normal control group.The rats in the oxymatrine treatment group were treated with intramuscular injection of oxymatrine 63 mg/(kg·d) for 15 days and the rats in the mesalazine group were treated with mesalazine solution 0.5 g/(kg·d) by gastric lavage for 15 days. The rats in the normal control group and model group were treated with 3 mL water by gastric lavage for 15 days. Diarrhea and bloody stool were carefully observed.Histological changes in colonic tissue were examined on day 7 in 2 rats per group that were randomly selected.The expression of β2AR,β-arrestin2 and NF-κB p65 in colon tissue and spleen lymphocytes were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting techniques on day 16 after fasting for 24 h.Six rats died of lavage with 2 each in the normal control,the model group and the mesalazine group;and were not included in the analysis.Results:The rats in the model group suffered from looser stool and bloody purulent stool after modeling.But in the oxymatrine and mesalazine groups,looser stool and bloody purulent stool reduced after treatment.And the colonic wall in the model group was thickened and the colon length shortened.The colon mucosa was congested in multiple areas with edema,erosion,superficial or linear ulcer and scar formation,while the intestinal mucosa injury reduced in the mesalazine and oxymatrine groups(P<0.01).In colonic mucosa and in spleen lymphocytes,compared with the normal control group,the expression of NF-κBp65 were significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group while the expressions ofβ2AR andβ-arrestin2 were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the expression of NF-κBp65 was significantly decreased in the mesalazine group(P<0.01) and oxymatrine treatment group(P<0.01) while the expressions of β2AR and β-arrestin2 were significantly increased(P<0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in the expression of β2AR,β-arrestin2 and NF-κBp65 between the mesalazine group and oxymatrine group(P>0.05).Conclusions:The β2AR-β-arrestin2-NF-κB signal transduction pathway participated in the pathologic course of ulcerative colitis.Oxymatrine attenuated ulcerative colitis through regulating the β2AR-β-arrestin2-NF-κB signal transduction pathway.     

葛根素通过下调P38 细胞分裂素活化蛋白激酶活性以及NF-β通道对共培养气道上皮细胞与中性粒细胞黏附分子表达的抑制作用

Objective:In this study,we aimed to investigate the expressions of adhesion molecules on human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils in co-culture system,assess the effects of puerarin on suppressing these adhesion molecules expressions,and explore the roles of two crucial signal-transduction elements p38mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-k B)in modulating adhesion molecules expressions.Methods:Neutrophils and BEAS-2B cells(one human bronchial epithelial cell line)were co-cultured,and adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface were detected using flow cytometry.The mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(real-time qPCR).Phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor k B were analyzed by Western blot.Results:In co-culture system,adhesion molecules expressions on BEAS-2B cells and neutrophils were enhanced significantly(P0.05).Correspondingly,the mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were also increased greatly.Moreover,the pretreatment of peurarin obviously suppressed adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface.Furthermore,phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor k B in BEAS-2B cells and neutrophils were elevated in co-culture system,but decreased significantly after upon the treatment of peurarin(P0.05).Conclusions:Coculture boosted the interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils mimicking airway inflammation,whereas peurarin decreased the expression of adhesion molecules on cell surface by suppressing the activities of d38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways,and exhibiting its anti-inflammation activity.     

脑缺血后碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子对内源性神经干细胞增殖的影响

目的 观察人脑梗死后室管膜下区(SVZ)及海马齿状回颗粒层(SGZ)区域碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、表皮生长因子(EGF)的表达规律,并探讨其对内源性神经干细胞增殖的影响.方法 (1)选取因脑梗死而死亡的尸检脑标本22例,并按缺血时间(发病至死亡的时间)分为5组,选取因其他疾病死亡(无脑缺血)的尸检脑标本5例为对照组.(2)采用HE染色、免疫组织化学技术观察不同时间点梗死侧侧脑室SVZ区和SGZ区nestin、bFGF、EGF在不同时间点的表达和变化规律.结果 应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 (1)与对照组相比,梗死侧SVZ区nestin阳性细胞在24～70 h组开始增加[(144±6)个/高倍视野],SGZ区在4.5～10 h组开始增加[(11±5)个/高倍视野],120-144 h组达到高峰,SVZ区[(38±7)个/高倍视野],SGZ区[(54±17)个/高倍视野].216～336 h组逐渐减弱,与对照组比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).(2)梗死侧bFGF阳性细胞在4.5-10 h组开始增加,SVZ区[(8.1±2.9)个/高倍视野],SGZ区[(19.0±8.2)个/高倍视野],24～70 h组达到高峰SVZ区[(15.6±3.5)个/高倍视野],SGZ区[(32.0±5.7)个/高倍视野],72～96 h组开始下降.但仍高于对照组(P<0.05).(3)梗死侧EGF阳性细胞在4.5～10 h组开始增加,SVZ区[(4.3±1.6)/高倍视野],SGZ区[(7.0±3.7)个/高倍视野],120～144 h组达到高峰SVZ区[(27.0±1.4)个/高倍视野],SGZ区[(51.5±4.9)个/高倍视野],216～336 h组开始下降,但仍高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 (1)脑缺血后bFGF、EGF表达上调,这可能是脑组织神经元损伤后的一种内源性修复反应.(2)bFGF、EGF可以激活来自于中枢神经系统不同区域的神经元前体细胞潜在的再生能力,促进内源性神经干细胞增殖.