深圳市售活禽空肠弯曲菌带菌及禽肉污染状况调查

目的了解深圳市家禽及其宰杀环境、禽肉的空肠弯曲菌污染情况。方法采集活家禽肛拭子、宰杀环境拭子标本、零售禽肉标本,依据GB/T4789.19—2003《食品卫生微生物学检验》进行检验。结果共检测50份鸡肛拭子、20份鸭肛拭子、30份鹅肛拭子,分别检出空肠弯曲菌20、2、6株,检出阳性率分别为40.00%、10.00%、20.00%。检测12份脱毛机内壁样本、6份案板样本、12份工作人员手的棉拭子,分别检出空肠弯曲菌2、1、1株、阳性率分别为16.67%、16.67%、8.33%。检测市场现宰新鲜禽肉30份,检出空肠弯曲菌5株,阳性率为16.67%;检测超市冷冻禽肉34份,未检出空肠弯曲杆菌。结论深圳市活禽空肠弯曲菌带菌率高,宰杀场所和零售禽肉也存在不同程度的污染,应加强禽肉销售或加工过程中卫生质量管理。     

1例由空肠弯曲菌感染引起婴儿腹泻的溯源调查

目的溯源调查1例空肠弯曲菌引起10月龄婴儿腹泻的原因,为弯曲菌病的诊断和防控提供参考。方法流行病学调查,采集患者2次就诊的粪便各1份进行常见肠道病原菌分离培养;采集患者愈后粪便1份、密切接触者肛拭子2份及11份鸡肛拭子样本进行空肠弯曲菌分离培养;对检出的空肠弯曲菌进行药敏实验和脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型。针对流行病学调查及实验室结果采取控制措施和用药指导。结果患者发病前3 d有活禽接触史,临床表现符合空肠弯曲菌肠炎特征。2份患者就诊时粪便和2份家养活禽(鸡)肛拭子检出4株空肠弯曲菌,并具有相同的PFGE带型。患者愈后采集的粪便和密切接触者肛拭子均未检出空肠弯曲菌。通过指导临床用药,患者快速康复。结论本次患者腹泻由接触携带空肠弯曲菌的家养鸡活禽引起,要加强家养活禽与儿童的隔离防护,加强婴幼儿空肠弯曲菌的防治。     

深圳市罗湖区禽畜肉中空肠弯曲菌的流行状况及分子分型

目的 了解深圳罗湖区市售不同肉类来源的空肠弯曲菌流行分布状况及分子分型结果。方法 采集2016年—2021年4月、6月、10月深圳市罗湖区各大超市、农贸市场生禽肉及生畜肉样品共280份作为研究对象,采用双孔滤膜法对空肠弯曲菌进行分离培养及荧光PCR法鉴定,通过脉冲场凝胶电泳对目标菌进行分子分型。结果 2016年—2021年280份食品样本共有52份样本中检出空肠弯曲菌,阳性率为18.57%,其中136份生禽肉类样本中有49份检出空肠弯曲菌,阳性率为36.03%;144份生畜肉类样本中有3份检出空肠弯曲菌,阳性率为2.08%,生禽肉类的阳性率高于生畜肉类（χ2=53.30,P<0.01）。62株菌株PFGE分子分型得到57种带型。结论 罗湖区生禽肉和生畜肉均存在空肠弯曲菌污染的风险,其中禽肉类污染高于畜肉类,PFGE分子分型溯源结果显示菌株污染来源呈现多态性。     

保定市空肠弯曲菌感染情况调查分析

目的：了解保定市当前活鸡市场鸡的空肠弯曲菌感染情况，为进一步开展食品安全性研究和预防控制食源性弯曲菌病的发生提供科学依据。方法：依据GB／T4789．9—2003进行检验。结果：50份活鸡肛拭子共检出37株空肠弯曲菌，阳性率为74．0％。37株空肠弯曲菌中有28株为空肠弯曲菌空肠亚种，9株为空肠弯曲菌德莱亚种。37株空肠弯曲菌中有27株为生物Ⅰ型，占73．0％；10株为生物Ⅱ型，占27．0％。结论：保定市活鸡空肠弯曲菌感染相当严重，并以引起人类空肠弯曲菌肠炎的生物Ⅰ型为主，提示人群的感染率也可能比较高。     

玉林市2010—2011年禽、畜养殖和屠宰过程专项监测分析

目的确定从生产到销售各环节中食源性致病菌的分布,人类传染病的可能传染源,制定公共卫生措施并评价其有效性,同时为微生物风险评估提供基础数据。方法按照2010—2011年《食源性致病菌监测工作手册》内部资料进行增菌和分离鉴定。结果 94份鸡肛拭子样本未检出沙门菌;94份鸡胴体样品检出16株沙门菌;45份鸡胴体检出2株空肠弯曲菌;45份猪胴体和45份猪肛拭子样本各检出3株沙门菌;45份猪鼻拭子检出6株金黄色葡萄球菌;12份鸡场环境样本均未检出沙门菌;17份猪场环境样本检出2株金黄色葡萄球菌,未检出沙门菌。结论玉林市的禽、畜肉沙门菌的污染主要发生在屠宰过程,而生猪及其养殖环境主要是受到金黄色葡萄球菌的污染。     

四川省部分地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌检测及分析

目的了解四川部分地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌的污染情况,为疾病预防治疗提供科学依据。方法采集四川省攀枝花、绵阳、南部县、德阳等地区食品、肉猪肛拭子和腹泻患者粪便样本,用含有头孢噻肟(终浓度为4μg/ml)的缓冲蛋白胨水进行增菌,接种ESBL平板,挑取可疑菌落,运用PCR方法鉴定菌株并检测耐药基因。结果共采集356份样本,其中食品样本186份、患者样本72份、猪肛拭子98份。从202份样本检出产ESBLs大肠埃希菌,检出率为56. 7%。从食品样本中分离出114株,猪肛拭子样本中分离出41株,腹泻患者粪便样本中分离47株;耐药基因显示CTX-M型中Group2型最多,为104株。结论四川省食品、患者、肉猪中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌均有检出,肉猪分离株携带CTX-M耐药基因更广泛。     

北京市西城区２０１０－２０１４年食源性致病菌 监测结果分析

摘要：了解北京市西城区２０１０－２０１４年市售食品中致病菌污染现状,确定高危食品种类,制定相关防控措
施,减少食品安全事件的发生。根据北京市食品安全风险监测方案要求,对辖区各类流通环节食品开展随
机采样和检验。指标包括单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、副溶血弧菌等致病菌。结果
显示,２０１０－２０１４年共采集样本９１７件,检出致病菌阳性菌株１１３ 株,总阳性率１２．３２％。其中生肉、生
水产为阳性率最高食品。北京市西城区市售食品中致病菌污染现状不容乐观,应加强对应高危种类的卫生
管理,防止食物中毒的发生。
关键词：食源性致病菌;污染;食品安全风险监测
中图分类号：Ｒ１５５．５　　文献标识码：Ｂ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１６）１０ ０７８６ ０３     

南通市鸡源空肠弯曲菌监测结果及耐药性分析

目的了解南通市鸡源空肠弯曲菌流行及耐药性状况,为制定鸡空肠弯曲菌病防治措施提供基础数据。方法采用荧光定量PCR技术检测标本中的空肠弯曲菌,参照GB/T 4789.9—2008的方法进行空肠弯曲菌分离鉴定,运用琼脂扩散法检测分离株的耐药性。结果 415份粪便样品中,57份空肠弯曲菌阳性,总阳性率为13.73%。其中苗鸡粪便、成年鸡肛拭子、鸡场环境样本的阳性率分别为6.49%、21.24%、7.35%,成年鸡肛拭子空肠弯曲菌的阳性率显著高于苗鸡粪便和鸡场环境样品,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。46株空肠弯曲菌分离株对临床常用8大类19种抗生素耐药率在80%以上的有10种,分别为头孢拉定、头孢哌酮、头孢克罗、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、萘啶酸、复方新诺明、四环素、强力霉素。耐药菌株的耐药谱主要集中在10耐、11耐、12耐和14耐,达86.96%。结论南通市鸡源空肠弯曲菌检测阳性率较高,存在鸡源空肠弯曲菌病流行隐患;空肠弯曲菌分离株对多种抗生素产生了显著的耐药性,应引起社会各部门的高度重视。     

温州市禽肉中空肠弯曲菌检测结果及耐药性分析

目的了解温州市农贸市场禽肉中空肠弯曲菌污染现状及耐药情况,为禽肉类食品安全风险评估、弯曲菌病防控和临床用药提供依据。方法于2018年2月—2019年10月从温州市鹿城区、龙湾区、瓯海区、瑞安市、苍南县、平阳县和文成县7个县(市、区)的农贸市场采集禽肉样品。采用双孔滤膜法检测空肠弯曲菌,并进行药敏试验。结果共采集样品200份,检出空肠弯曲菌66份,检出率为33.00%。鸡肉中检出空肠弯曲菌45份,检出率为34.09%;鸭肉中检出空肠弯曲菌21份,检出率为30.88%,不同样品空肠弯曲菌检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。鹿城区、平阳县和苍南县空肠弯曲菌检出率最高,均为35.00%,不同采样地区空肠弯曲菌检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。多重耐药38株,多重耐药率为57.58%,以萘啶酸、四环素和环丙沙星耐药率较高,分别为84.85%、83.33%和80.30%。结论温州市农贸市场禽肉空肠弯曲菌污染较重,且对萘啶酸、四环素、环丙沙星等多种抗生素有显著耐药性。     

2017—2019年松江区不同来源弯曲菌PFGE及耐药性研究

目的 了解上海市松江区腹泻患者、禽肉类来源弯曲菌的流行状况及耐药情况,探讨不同来源弯曲菌的相关性,为制定针对性预防措施提供科学依据。方法 对来自2017—2019年上海市松江区部分医院就诊的腹泻患者粪便或肛拭子以及来自农贸市场和超市的禽肉类样品进行弯曲菌分离培养和生化鉴定,应用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性试验,PFGE方法进行分子分型。结果 653份腹泻患者样品中分离出弯曲菌60株,阳性率9.19%,438份禽肉类样品中分离出弯曲菌51株,阳性率11.64%,二者阳性检出率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 1.730,P＞0.05）。食品和腹泻患者来源的弯曲菌对环丙沙星（90.20%和90.00%）、萘啶酸（94.12%和88.33%）、四环素（88.24%和71.67%）耐药严重,耐药率＞71%。PFGE结果显示同源性大于等于90%的亚型群有24组,共79株弯曲菌,占71.17%。同源性100%的有21组,共63株菌,占56.76%,其中4组出现食品和腹泻患者来源弯曲菌100%同源的情况。结论 上海市松江区禽肉类和腹泻患者弯曲菌检出率较高,多重耐药情况严重,禽肉食品和腹泻患者来源的部分菌株具有100%同源性,提示腹泻患者感染弯曲菌可能与食用被弯曲菌污染的禽肉食品有关,为今后更好地预防弯曲菌相关疾病提供数据支持。     

Campylobacteriosis in a low-income community in Buenos Aires, Argentina

The authors describe the problem of campylobacteriosis in a low-income community located in southern Buenos Aires. Homes in the area were classified according to their total number of inhabitants, the number of children and animals living in the house and the amount of poultry meat consumed. Samples were taken from all the different types of homes that had been identified in order to isolate, identify and type Campylobacter sp., using the modified Skirrow technique, bio-chemical tests and the Lior technique respectively. The prevalences found were 16.96% in dogs, 20% in cats and 40% in poultry. The pathogens isolated were Campylobacter jejuni type II in 94.44% of the cases and Campylobacter upsaliensis in 5.55% of the cases. In poultry meat, 92.85% of the samples were positive (23.07% for type I and 76.92% for type II). The incidence of diarrhoea in children caused by C. jejuni was 0.4/1000 children/month (type I in all cases). A high prevalence of C. jejuni type II was detected in pets and in poultry meat. The source of infection in children may have been poultry meat.     

Antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter in the food chain in Mexico

Abstract We describe prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility results for thermophilic Campylobacter isolates collected from humans, food, and food-animals in an integrated food chain surveillance network in Mexico. From 2003 to 2006, stool samples were collected from children with diarrhea at state sentinel hospitals. Concurrently, fecal samples from asymptomatic children in kindergartens, as well as raw chicken, pork and beef from retail outlets, and food-animal intestines from slaughterhouses were all collected in 65 cities from four different states. C. jejuni was identified with a standardized hippurate test. Hippurate negative, indoxyl acetate positive isolates were classified as Campylobacter spp. Susceptibility testing was performed by agar dilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. A total of 1,259 C. jejuni and 1,797 Campylobacter spp. isolates were recovered from 11,811 samples. Chicken was significantly more contaminated for both intestinal samples (93.6%) and meat products (58.3%), compared with swine (71.4%)/pork (14.6%) samples, and cattle (25.1%)/beef (5.3%) samples (p<0.001). Campylobacter was recovered from 5.1% of children with diarrhea and from 3.2% of asymptomatic children. Chicken was significantly more likely to harbor ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni (85.8%) than swine (62.5%, OR=3.6), cattle (39.8%, OR=9.3), or humans (58.2%, OR=4.4). No significant differences were found for ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter spp. among food-animals, but the rate in food-animals was significantly higher than in humans (84% vs. 56.7%, OR=4.0). Swine was significantly more likely to harbor erythromycin-resistant C. jejuni (14.8%) than chicken (3.5%, OR=4.9), cattle (1.8%, OR=9.3), or humans (3.0%, OR=5.7), and was associated with higher rates of erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter spp. (41.9%) than chicken (10.5%, OR=6.1) and humans (11.9%, OR=5.3). The high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin preclude the use of fluoroquinolones for treatment of campylobacteriosis in Mexico. Our results emphasize the need for ongoing and integrated surveillance of antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial susceptibility in humans and animals.     

2016—2020年上海市闵行区食源性疾病主动监测病原学及流行病学特征分析

【目的】分析上海市闵行区食源性疾病病例的流行特征,为制定食源性疾病防控措施提供科学依据。【方法】对2016—2020年闵行区食源性疾病病例数据进行分析,对病例粪便或肛拭样本开展沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、志贺菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌、空肠弯曲菌、诺如病毒检测。【结果】2016—2020年闵行区食源性疾病就诊病例数15 951例,采集样本11 176例,阳性检出率为12.03%。腹泻占99.90%,发热占14.70%;粪便性状以水样便为主(89.70%)。发病主要集中在5—10月(79.78%);以30～39岁年龄组和职业为干部的检出率最高(13.53%,13.49%)。病原体检出情况：副溶血性弧菌5.39%、沙门菌3.25%、诺如病毒1.44%、大肠埃希菌1.06%、空肠弯曲菌0.56%、混合感染0.34%、志贺菌无。5年中副溶血性弧菌检出率显著下降(χ²=97.39,P<0.01)。检出率显著上升的有沙门菌(χ²=49.48,P<0.01)、致泻性大肠埃希氏菌(χ²=230.40,P<0.01)、空肠弯曲菌(χ...     

2019—2021年上海市嘉定区市售禽肉中弯曲菌的污染状况及耐药性分析

【目的】了解上海市嘉定区市售禽肉中弯曲菌污染状况及其耐药性。【方法】对采集的市售鸡、鸭、鹅和鸽这4类禽肉样品进行弯曲菌分离鉴定和15种常见抗生素耐药性检测。【结果】从236份市售禽肉样品中分离到空肠弯曲菌29株,结肠弯曲菌34株。鸡肉中弯曲菌污染情况最严重,检出率为34.04%,鸭肉弯曲菌检出率最低（19.67%）。冷冻、冷藏和室温存储样品中,冷冻状态下检出率最低（6.67%）,冷藏状态检出率最高（41.27%）。空肠弯曲菌对头孢唑林（CFZ）、环丙沙星（CIP）、萘啶酸（NAL）、四环素（TET）这4种抗生素完全耐药,结肠弯曲菌对CFZ、头孢西丁（CFX）、NAL这3种抗生素完全耐药;弯曲菌对亚胺培南（IPM）耐药率最低（3.45%）。所有弯曲菌均为多重耐药菌株,96.83%的菌株为>5重耐药菌株,耐药数最多达14重。【结论】上海市嘉定区市售4类禽肉样本弯曲菌的耐药性有差异,耐药严重,应严格控制抗生素的使用,冷冻保存可以有效减少弯曲菌活菌污染。     

Prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter spp. isolated from domestic and imported poultry meat in Korea, 2004–2008

Campylobacteriosis in humans is primarily caused by handling or consuming contaminated poultry or their products. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in domestic and imported poultry meat in Korea and to further characterize the obtained isolates. From 2004 to 2008, a total of 475 domestic and 867 imported raw poultry meat samples were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Among 475 domestic poultry meat samples, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were isolated from 219 (46.1%) and 156 (32.8%), respectively. Relative prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli was higher in meat from Brazil (39/78, 50.0% and 7/78, 8.9%) and France (32/96, 33.3% and 8/96, 8.3%), whereas lower in meat from Denmark (72/516, 14.0% and 12/516, 2.3%) and Thailand (5/39, 12.8% and 3/39, 7.6%). The resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline was highly prevalent in Campylobacter spp. from most countries investigated, whereas lower in meat from Denmark. On the other hand, the prevalence of erythromycin and gentamicin resistance was less than 10% in most countries. The resistance rate to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin ranged from 11.9% to 87.5%. The use of fla-polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism for epidemiological analysis found that some pattern types were considerably more frequent and distinct in meat from each country. In conclusion, we report the presence of high contamination in domestic and imported poultry meat in Korea and the antimicrobial and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. between each country.     

阜阳市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染情况调查

目的了解阜阳市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染状况,为有效防治食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法按照“全国食源性疾病监测网2007年度工作手册”检测技术要求提供的检测方法和GB4789-2,3,9中的国家标准方法,对食品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌（L.m）、大肠杆菌O157：H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、空肠弯曲菌进行分离鉴定。结果9大类129份食品样中,共检出食源性致病菌32株,总检出率24.81%（32/129）。检出金黄色葡萄球菌18株,检出率90.00%（18/20）;沙门菌3株,检出率为2.32%（3/129）;检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌4株,检出率为3.67%（4/109）;大肠杆菌O157：H71株,检出率为1.51%（1/66）;动物性水产品检出副溶性弧菌4株,检出率为40.00%（4/10）;空肠弯曲菌检出2株,检出率为20.00%（2/10）。结论阜阳市居民主要消费食品中存在食源性致病菌污染,生奶、生肉、市售熟肉、蔬菜是主要污染食品品种。应有针对性防范和控制各类食品致病菌的污染,防止食源性疾病暴发。     

Campylobacter enteritis associated with undercooked barbecued chicken

An outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis occurred in 1982 among 11 of 15 members and friends of an extended family gathering in Colorado. Median onset for illness, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever and headache, was four days after the party. Illness was associated with eating undercooked chicken. Two ill persons had stool specimens positive for C. jejuni. Eight of ten ill persons tested had Immunoglobulin-M-specific indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers to C. jejuni greater than or equal to 32. IFA titers to C. jejuni peaked within three weeks of exposure and decreased to control levels within three months after exposure. Inadequate cooking of poultry may increase the risk of these infections.     

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni from the skin of broiler chickens, ducks, squab, quail, and guinea fowl carcasses

Campylobacter jejuni is often found on broiler carcasses and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. Both carcass rinses and swabs of the skin have been utilized to ascertain the prevalence of C. jejuni in the processing plant. Not all poultry commodities are equally capable of carrying C. jejuni on the carcass skin. Our objective was to measure the probability of C. jejuni detection (sensitivity) for the skin swabbing method followed by enrichment in semisolid media, and to ascertain the sensitivity of this method for commercial broiler, duck, squab, quail, and guinea fowl. The probability of detecting skin contaminated with C. jejuni was significantly higher for broiler chicken compared to retail duck, squab, quail, or guinea fowl for 10 or 100 colony-forming units (CFU)/in2 of skin (1 in2 = 1 square inch = 2.5 x 2.5 cm). Thirty-three percent (10 CFU/in2) and 100% (100 CFU/in2) of skin samples from broilers were positive for C. jejuni at the levels inoculated while 7-20% and 47-80% of skin samples were detected as contaminated with C. jejuni at 10 or 100 CFU/in2 for retail duck, squab, quail, and guinea fowl, respectively. Our method of using skin swabs and enrichment with semisolid media generated a sensitivity of almost 100% for detecting C. jejuni at 1000 or 10,000 CFU/in2 skin regardless of poultry species. The level of contamination that our method could detect with 50% and 90% reliability (DT50 and DT90) was 14 and 79 (broilers); 67 and 406 (squab); 39 and 226 (quail); 69 and 400 (guinea fowl); 69 and 400 (duck) CFU/in2 of skin, respectively.