Discussion on the Therapeutic Method of Counteracting Toxin with Toxin for Cancers

以毒攻毒治法在抗癌中具有重要地位.清除癌毒是治疗癌症的核心和关键问题,以毒攻毒治疗癌症,即在于以有毒之药去攻除机体内之癌毒.以毒攻毒抗癌的功效,很大部分表现在攻毒解毒、攻毒消积、攻毒化瘀、攻毒化痰等方面.在癌症临床上,以毒攻毒治法的运用常有较好的效果.以毒攻毒治法主要适用于有实体瘤存在、或有转移灶存在、或有转移复发倾向等癌毒存在的、且正气状况能承受攻毒的癌症患者.只有辨证论治抗癌,才能正确地运用好以毒攻毒治法.     

癌毒理论研究新进展

癌毒是肿瘤发生和传舍(转移)的根本，贯穿肿瘤发生、发展的全过程。痰、湿、瘀等诸邪搏结、合酿癌毒是癌毒产生的病机。癌毒致瘤的核心病机涉及“正气亏虚” “痰瘀郁毒”。“络虚失约” “癌毒挟邪” “经络传舍”涉及癌毒传舍的核心病机。扶正抗癌是防治癌毒及肿瘤转移的治则；重视通络祛毒治法；重视复方大法、多法联用；重视“先安未受邪之地”的治未病思想的指导。     

程海波运用癌毒病机理论辨治肿瘤转移经验

[目的]总结程海波教授运用癌毒病机理论辨治肿瘤转移的临床经验。[方法]通过随师侍诊,归纳整理病例,从肿瘤转移的基本病机、主要治法,对程海波教授运用癌毒病机理论辨治肿瘤转移的学术观点和临床经验进行探讨分析,并附验案举隅。[结果]程海波教授基于癌毒病机理论和临床实践,提出肿瘤转移的基本病机为"正气亏虚、癌毒流注",正气亏虚是肿瘤转移的根本原因,癌毒流注是肿瘤转移的病机关键,癌毒流注具有特异性的通道、载体及规律,"扶正培本、抗癌解毒"是辨治肿瘤转移的主要治法。程海波教授运用癌毒病机理论辨治一例肺癌脑、肝转移患者疗效显著,转移灶显著缩小。[结论]程海波教授运用癌毒病机理论辨治肿瘤转移具有独到的临床经验,值得进一步学习和推广。     

基于肿瘤微环境的癌毒病机理论研究

肿瘤的发生、发展不仅取决于肿瘤细胞本身,而且与肿瘤微环境关系密切。目前恶性肿瘤的治疗新策略已转变为通过干预肿瘤微环境,阻断癌变的发生和发展。国医大师周仲瑛教授根据其长期临床实践提出癌毒病机理论,认为癌毒是肿瘤发生、发展的关键。研究认为癌毒病机理论与肿瘤微环境的机制密切相关,通过探讨两者的关系,诠释癌毒病机理论的科学内涵,为临床运用癌毒病机理论指导中医药抗肿瘤提供科学依据。     

陈明显运用“补脾胃、化瘀毒、清癌毒”治疗胃癌经验

[目的]分析总结陈明显教授从“补脾胃、化瘀毒、清癌毒”治疗胃癌的临证经验。[方法]通过临证学习及医案分析,阐明陈师对胃癌病因病机的认识,列举治疗胃癌的治则方药,并附验案两则。[结果]陈师认为,脾胃虚弱是胃癌发生的前提条件,贯穿于胃癌发生发展的始终,瘀毒凝结是胃癌癌前病变转化为胃癌的关键环节,癌毒残留是胃癌容易复发转移的主要病机特点。治疗上确立“补脾胃、化瘀毒、清癌毒”三法,随证灵活融合应用,体现“时时扶正、不忘攻邪、防治结合”的理念。所举医案中两例患者系胃癌术后伴消瘦,均治以补脾生肌消痞、祛瘀解毒清癌,但扶正祛邪上各有侧重,治疗后皆诸症稳定,随访未见复发转移。[结论]     

肿瘤炎性微环境与“癌毒”病机相关性探讨

肿瘤炎性微环境是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分。大部分的肿瘤形成过程中经历了由可控性炎症到非可控性炎症的转化过程,最终将肿瘤周围环境塑造成适合其生长的微环境,促进肿瘤的增殖、侵袭、转移、血管生成及免疫逃逸。国医大师周仲瑛教授根据长期临床实践经验,创新性地提出"癌毒"病机理论,认为"癌毒"是肿瘤发生、发展的关键因素。癌毒与痰浊、瘀血、湿浊、热毒等病理因素胶结存在、互为因果、兼夹转化、共同为病。我们研究认为"癌毒"病机理论与肿瘤炎性微环境密切相关,癌毒的形成过程及病机特点与肿瘤炎性微环境中"炎症——肿瘤"的转化过程具有相似性;癌毒与多种病理因素兼夹为患的特点与肿瘤炎性微环境中肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞、细胞因子之间的相互关系具有一致性。在此,我们从中西医2种理论对肿瘤发生发展的不同认识出发,对两者的关系进行探讨,将有可能阐明"癌毒"病机理论的生物学基础,为临床运用"癌毒"病机理论治疗肿瘤提供科学依据。     

浅析中医“癌毒”本质

目的:通过对1996—2015年公开发表的文献进行挖掘,分析"癌毒"本质。方法:结合现代医学恶性肿瘤特性,并参照各家对中医"癌毒"认识,提取"癌毒"5个典型特性;对属于传统中医文献系统调研,经两名副高级以上职称人员判断,识别"癌毒"文献正确率并建立文献数据库,分析其辨证意义。结果:1 099篇文献中确定的"癌毒"文献562篇(51. 14%),可疑"癌毒"文献192篇(17. 47%),非"癌毒"文献324篇(29. 48%);典型"癌毒"特性与"癌毒"文献符合率分别是:易伤正气516篇,占全部"癌毒"文献的91. 81%;其性沉伏460篇,占全部81. 85%;发病猛烈440篇,占全部78. 29%;其性善行435篇,占全部77. 40%;易与痰瘀凝结521篇,占全部92. 70%;病位辨证由高到低排序分别为肾、血、脾、气、肺、肝、心;病因辨证由高到低排序为湿、瘀、痰、火、寒、风;病性辨证由高到低排序为虚、实。结论:中医"癌毒"本质包括:易伤正气、其性沉伏、发病猛烈、其性善行、易与痰瘀凝结。     

基于癌毒理论探讨癌性疼痛病因病机

癌毒是导致肿瘤发生、发展的重要因素,癌性疼痛因癌毒而生,在肿瘤发生发展过程中产生的病理产物痰、瘀、郁、虚是癌性疼痛的主要病理因素,癌毒贯穿于癌性疼痛全过程,癌毒内蕴,痰瘀互结是癌性疼痛病机的关键,病位涉及相关脏腑经络,病理性质为本虚标实,全身属虚,局部属实;解毒祛瘀,化痰通络是其基本治疗大法。     

运用癌毒病机理论辨治胃癌的探析

胃癌是常见恶性肿瘤,中医药治疗肿瘤具有一定优势。国医大师周仲瑛教授首倡癌毒病机理论,运用癌毒病机理论辨治恶性肿瘤取得了良好的疗效。对运用癌毒病机理论辨治胃癌进行探讨,癌毒蕴胃是胃癌的关键病机,癌毒与痰瘀湿热搏结,形成复杂的复合病机;治疗时应以抗癌解毒为根本大法,根据兼夹病邪属性,配合其他治法,方能取得较好疗效。      

癌毒病机的生物学基础探讨

肿瘤微环境是与肿瘤侵袭、转移密不可分的局部内环境,肿瘤生物学研究的最新进展凸显了肿瘤细胞来源外泌体在调控肿瘤微环境中的重要地位。创建中医肿瘤癌毒病机理论,提出癌毒是肿瘤发生、发展的关键病机,肿瘤微环境可能是癌毒病机理论的生物学基础。通过比较癌毒与肿瘤细胞来源外泌体的产生、致病特性与致病机制,认为癌毒与肿瘤细胞来源外泌体密切相关,肿瘤细胞来源外泌体可能是癌毒病机的生物学基础,对进一步揭示癌毒病机理论的科学内涵具有重要意义。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.