大剂量阿托伐他汀对急性心肌梗死患者心室重构的远期影响

目的 探讨大剂量阿托伐他汀逆转急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)后心室重构的效果.方法 91例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院后将低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平＜2.6 mmol/L的患者列为对照组;其余患者随机分为大剂量组(阿托伐他汀40mg/d),常规剂量组(阿托伐他汀10mg/d),连续用药24周.测血清Ⅲ型前胶原氨基末端肽(PⅢNP)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平;应用超声心动图测量并计算左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心室舒张早期左房室瓣血流峰值流速/心室舒张晚期左房室瓣血流峰值流速(VE/VA)、左室重量指数(LVMI)及室壁运动积分指数(WMSI).结果 ①24周后大剂量组的LVESV、LVEDV、LVMI及WMSI均显著低于常规剂量组和对照组LVEF和VE/VF亦显著高于常规剂量组和对照组(P＜0.01);常规剂量组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②各组AMI后Pnl NP、MMP-9和hs-CPR均有不同程度的升高.大剂量组12周后的PmNP、MMP-9及hs-CRP水平显著低于常规剂量组和对照组(P＜0.01);常规剂量组上述指标的水平亦显著低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).③PmNP、MMP-9及hs-CRP的变化幅度与LVEDV和LVEF的变化幅度之问有显著相关性.结论 阿托伐他汀能够抑制AMI后的心室重构,改善心脏收缩和舒张功能,且增加剂量能够进一步增强其效应.     

三维面积应变参数评价扩张型心肌病患者植入左室辅助装置后左室收缩功能及同步性

目的 探讨三维面积应变参数在左室辅助装置植入后左室收缩功能及同步性评价中的应用价值.方法 接受左室辅助装置(LVAD)治疗的扩张型心肌病患者16例,于术前及术后1、2周及1、2个月应用三维斑点追踪技术(3D-STI)分析整体面积应变(GAS)、各节段心肌峰值面积应变(AS)及不同步指数(ASDI),行常规超声测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV),左室收缩末期容积(LVESV).结果 所有患者术后1周所测各参数较术前无显著差异.术后2周,LVEDV、LVESV及LVEF较术前差异无统计学意义,GAS、AS较术前增加(P＜0.05),ASDI较术前减低(P＜0.05),术后1个月,所有参数较术前差异均有显著性差异(P＜0.05),术后2个月,GAS、AS及ASDI较术前及术后2周差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).各心肌节段间AS差异均无统计学意义.LVEDV、LVESV、GAS、AS及ASDI均与LVEF呈负相关.结论 LVAD可改善扩张型心肌病患者心肌同步性,提高心功能,面积应变参数可用于疗效评价.     

曲美他嗪治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭的疗效评价

目的评价曲美他嗪治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭的临床疗效.方法采用随机、单盲对照及组间对照,将42例缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者分为曲美他嗪组(21例),服用曲美他嗪20mg,3次/d;常规治疗组(对照组,21例),疗程均为8周,观察两组治疗前后临床疗效、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积(EDV)、左室收缩末期容积(ESV)、6min步行距离.结果治疗后曲美他嗪组总有效率76.2%,对照组总有效率52.4%,治疗后与治疗前相比LVEF、EDV、ESV,6min步行距离等相关参数均有显著改善(P＜0.05),曲美他嗪组与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);未发现与药物相关的不良反应.结论曲美他嗪能改善缺血性心肌病患者心功能,值得临床推广应用.     

实时心肌声学造影对扩张型心肌病心肌灌注的评价

目的采用实时心肌声学造影(RT-MCE)定量评价扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者心肌微循环灌注的状况。方法使用Philips EPIQ 7C及X5-1探头,对23例DCM患者和18例健康志愿者进行常规心脏超声参数测量后,经静脉给予声诺维(SonoVue)进行RT-MCE。采用Q-Lab10.8软件进行左心室各节段心肌灌注的定量分析。结果扩张型心肌病(DCM)组的常规心脏超声参数左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积(LVESV)较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01),左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)和左室射血分数(LVEF)较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。DCM组左心室各节段的RT-MCE参数峰值强度(A)、曲线平均斜率(β)、心肌血流量(MBF)较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。结论 RT-MCE可用于定量评价DCM患者的心肌微循环灌注状况,为临床评价心肌血流量提供参考。     

曲美他嗪治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭的疗效及QT离散度的变化

目的 探讨曲美他嗪对缺血性心肌病患者校正的QT间期离散度(QTcd)及心功能的影响.方法 77例缺血性心肌病[左心室射血分数(LVEF)＜40%]患者随机分为曲美他嗪组(38例)和对照组(39例).曲美他嗪组在常规治疗的基础上服用曲美他嗪20 mg,3次/d,疗程12周;对照组只接受常规治疗.比较2组治疗后QTcd、LVEF的变化.结果 12周后曲美他嗪组LVEF明显提高[治疗前、后分别为(38.4±6.3)%和(45.8±4.8)%,P＜0.01],QTcd由(66.7±3.2)ms降至(48.6±3.4)ms(P＜0.01).结论 缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者在传统药物治疗基础上加用曲美他嗪可以使QTcd减小并且心功能改善,且安全性高.     

心肌声学造影联合心脏MRI对肥厚性心肌病的诊断价值

目的 探讨心肌声学造影联合心脏MRI对肥厚性心肌病的诊断价值.方法 选取95例肥厚性心肌病患者(观察组)和95例健康体检者(对照组),两组均行心肌声学造影和心脏MRI检查,比较两组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、舒张早期与晚期峰值流速的比值(E/A)、舒张晚期运动速度(Am)、二尖瓣舒张早期血...     

成人二尖瓣置换手术前后左室容积和收缩功能的对比研究

目的 :应用超声心动图 (UCG )对成人慢性二尖瓣病变患者进行检测 ,旨在评价二尖瓣置换术 (MVR )对左室容积和收缩功能的影响。方法 :45例慢性二尖瓣病变患者 ,按二尖瓣狭窄、二尖瓣关闭不全分为两组 ,分别进行术前、术后左室舒张末期内径 (LVEDD)、左室舒张末期容积 (LVEDV)、左室收缩末期内径 (LVESD )、左室收缩末期容积 (LVESV)、左室射血分数 (LVEF)、心排血量 (CO)等的比较。结果 :术后 10d :A组的LVEDD、LVEDV、LVESD、LVESV、LVEF、CO与术前比较增加不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。B组的LVEDD、LVEDV、LVESD、LVESV、CO与术前比较明显减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但LVEF无可比性。结论 :以二尖瓣反流为主的患者人工瓣膜替换术后近期效果良好 ,而单纯二尖瓣狭窄的患者 ,人工瓣膜替换术后近期左室容积和收缩功能均有不同程度的改善 ,但在统计学上变化不显著     

速度向量成像技术评价肥厚型心肌病心脏扭转运动

目的 应用超声心动图速度向量成像(VVI)技术对肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者心脏扭转运动(cardiac twist)进行初步分析,探讨HCM患者在左室射血分数(LVEF)正常时心脏局部和整体扭转功能是否已有改变.方法 对30例HCM患者(其中左室流出道梗阻13例)和33例正常人(对照组)行常规超声心动图检查,测量LVEF、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、每搏量(SV)等.采用VVI技术测量左室基底部腱索水平、乳头肌水平和心尖水平收缩期心内膜下心肌和心外膜下心肌的最大旋转角度、峰值旋转速率、圆周应变(circumferential strain,CS)、圆周应变率(circumferential strain rate,CSR)、径向应变(radial strain,RS)、径向应变率(radial strain rate,RSR);测定舒张期峰值解旋转速率和解扭转率,以分析两组的心脏旋转和扭转运动.结果 HCM组与正常组相比,LVEF差异无统计学意义,LVEDV、LVESV、SV明显减低,心内膜下心肌的左室扭转角度、CS较正常人明显增高,心外膜下心肌的旋转速率、解旋转速率、CS、CSR均明显减低(P＜0.05),HCM组左室三个短轴水平的RS、RSR均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);舒张期解扭转率低于对照组.HCM组分组资料显示:左室流出道梗阻组患者心外膜下心肌的旋转速率、解旋转速率、CS、CSR进一步减低.结论 HCM患者心脏整体扭转角度较正常人增大,局部心肌圆周方向变形能力下降,左室流出道梗阻加剧局部心功能的损伤.     

曲美他嗪联合瑞舒伐他汀对老年缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者心功能及N-脑钠肽前体的影响

目的探讨曲美他嗪联合瑞舒伐他汀对于老年缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者心功能及N-脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)的影响。方法选取老年缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者120例,采用简单随机分组方法分为对照组和联合治疗组各60例。两组患者均给予常规抗心衰治疗,联合治疗组在此基础上再给予曲美他嗪联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后心功能情况,左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6 min步行试验(6MWT)及血浆NT-proBNP水平。结果联合治疗组患者心功能改善总有效率(93.3%)显著高于对照组(70.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者LVESD、LVEDD、LVEF、6MWT及NT-proBNP水平均较治疗前明显改善,而联合治疗组患者改善程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论曲美他嗪联合瑞舒伐他汀可有效恢复老年缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者心脏功能,提高生活质量,对于改善心肌重构方面具有重要作用。     

舒张充盈状况对非缺血性心肌病心脏再同步治疗效果的影响

[目的]探讨舒张充盈状况对非缺血性心肌病心脏再同步治疗效果的影响.[方法]选取2013年4月至2016年5月本院收治的非缺血性心肌病患者142例,根据血流频谱结果分为限制性充盈组(n=44)和非限制性充盈组(n=98),比较两组心脏再同步治疗效果、NYHA分级、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF),两组患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平.[结果]限制性充盈组心脏再同步治疗有效率为36.36％(16/44)显著低于非限制性充盈组的76.53％(75/98),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.349,P=0.013<0.05).治疗后两组患者NYHA分级、LVEDD、LVEDV、LVESV均显著低于治疗前,LVEF显著高于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05).治疗后,限制性充盈组患者NYHA分级、LVEDD、LVEDV、LVESV均显著高于非限制性充盈组,LVEF显著低于非限制性充盈组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05).限制性充盈组、非限制性充盈组治疗后血清IL-6、hs-CRP水平显著低于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05).治疗后,限制性充盈组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP水平均明显高于非限制性充盈组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05).[结论]限制性充盈状态能够影响非缺血性心肌病患者心脏再同步治疗效果及其心功能的恢复.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.