儿童喉气管狭窄的病因分析及治疗方法的选择

目的：为提高儿童喉气管狭窄、闭锁的治疗效果。总结了不同部位和范围的狭窄，闭锁患儿的手术方法，方法：共分析了58例儿童喉气管狭窄，年龄15个月－15岁，最多见病因是气管切开术后，其欠有喉气管外伤；复发性喉乳头状瘤术后；气管内插管等。全部病例依靠气管切开通道呼吸，根据喉气管狭窄的范围和程度，采用了不同的喉气管重建术。结果：58例中53例（91．4％）经1－5次手术后治愈，拔除气管套管，恢复正常的呼吸功能，随访1－10年，手术效果巩固，儿童发育正常，结论：正确的掌握气管切开技术可以减少儿童喉气管狭窄的发病率。由于儿童喉气管狭窄病情更加重复杂多变。术中应根据病变的范围和程度选择适当的手术方法，方能获得满意效果。重建喉气管支架和消除粘膜创面是提高疗效的关键。     

医源性喉气管狭窄的治疗和预防

目的：探讨医源性喉气管狭窄的病因。方法：对88例病人根据喉气管狭窄的范围和程度，应用激光切除、喉气管裂开、去除瘢痕并利用颈前肌皮瓣、肋软骨、舌骨肌瓣加宽狭窄部位，术腔放入硅胶管支撑进行治疗。结果：83例病人拔管治愈，成功率94％。结论：医源性喉气管狭窄病情复杂、多变，并多见于儿童，治疗更加困难。因而选择适当的治疗方法和有效的预防措施同等重要。     

喉气管狭窄的手术治疗

目的 :提高喉气管狭窄的手术疗效。方法 :对 70例不同狭窄部位和范围的患者 ,根据病变具体情况 ,分别采用不同的手术整复方法。结果 :65例治愈 ,治愈率为 92 .9% ;术后扩张子放置时间平均为 14 .8d ,拔管时间平均为 82 .0d。结论 :喉气管狭窄的治疗应根据不同的病变部位和范围采取不同的处理原则和手术方法 ;重建喉气管支架和消除创面是提高疗效的关键     

喉气管狭窄闭锁缺损的手术治疗

目的　为提高喉气管狭窄、闭锁或缺损患者的治疗效果，总结了４５ 例不同部位和范围的狭窄、闭锁或缺损患者的重建原则和手术方法。方法　根据病变部位和范围不同，分别采用不同的整复方法如单纯瘢痕切除扩张、粘膜对位缝合、“Ｚ”形减张缝合、粘膜瓣、皮瓣、肌筋膜、肌蒂锁骨膜等整复方法和气管对端缝合以及沟槽法等。结果　除１ 例失访和１ 例呼吸稍差外，４３ 例均取得了满意的呼吸及发音效果（３７ 例发音嘶哑）。结论　喉气管狭窄、闭锁或缺损的治疗，应根据病变部位和范围的不同而采取不同的处理原则和手术方法。     

复发性多软骨炎并发喉气管狭窄

目的分析复发性多软骨炎(relapsing poly- chondritis,RP)并发喉气管狭窄的临床特点和预后。方法回顾性分析1996～2006年间我院收治的6例RP并发喉气管狭窄患者的临床资料。结果6例RP并发喉气管狭窄患者,喉气管狭窄范围弥漫广泛,其中4例应用带蒂或游离组织移植行喉气管成形术,2例行胸段气管扩张术。5例手术成功,效果巩固未复发。结论因RP并发喉气管狭窄的病例,治疗更加棘手,但是如根据病情选择适当的手术时机和方法仍可取得满意的疗效。     

喉科学

200191远航条件下抢救重度喉损伤一例的体会/解世成…//中华航海医学杂志一1999,6(2)一81200192喉气管狭窄治疗方法的选择/孙敬武…//临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志一1999,13(6)一243~245 目的:探i寸喉气管狭窄的治疗方法。方法:根据喉气管狭窄的范围和程度,选用气管镜扩张、激光切除、喉气管切开成形和支撑器置入扩张等方式,对36例后天性喉气管狭窄患者进行治疗。结果:32例患者拔管治愈,成功率为88·8%。结论:喉气管狭窄病情复杂多变,术中应根据病变范围和程度,选择适当的治疗方法,方能获得满意的效果。参4(原提要)200193喉气管瘫痕性狭窄不同的手术…     

喉气管狭窄闭锁缺损的手术治疗

目的 为提高喉气管狭窄、闭锁或缺损患者的治疗效果,总结了４５例不同部位和范围的狭窄、闭锁或缺损患者的重建原则和手术方法。方法 根据病变部位和范围不同,分别采用不同的整复方法如单纯瘢痕切除扩张、粘膜对位缝合、“Ｚ”形减张缝合、粘膜瓣、皮瓣、肌筋膜、肌蒂锁骨膜等整复方法和气管对端缝合以及沟槽法等。结果 除１例失访和１例呼吸稍差外,４３例均取得了满意的呼吸及发音效果（３７例发音嘶哑）。结论 喉气管狭窄、     

儿童喉气管狭窄的病因分析及治疗方法的选择

目的:为提高儿童喉气管狭窄、闭锁的治疗效果,总结了不同部位和范围的狭窄、闭锁患儿的手术方法。方法:共分析了58例儿童喉气管狭窄,年龄15个月-15岁,最多见病因是气管切开术后,其次有喉气管外伤;复发性喉乳头状瘤术后;气管内插管等。全部病例依靠气管切开通道呼吸。根据喉气管狭窄的范围和程度,采用了不同的喉气管重建术。结果:58例中53例(91.4%)经1-5次手术后治愈,拔除气管套管,恢复正常的呼吸功能,随访1-10年,手术效果巩固,儿童发育正常。结论:正确的掌握气管切开技术可以减少儿童喉气管狭窄的发病率。由于儿童喉气管狭窄病情更加复杂多变,术中应根据病变的范围和程度选择适当的手术方法,方能获得满意效果,重建喉气管支架和消除粘膜创面是提高疗效的关键。     

喉气管狭窄重建术20年经验

为了提高喉气管狭窄的重建技术。总结２０年来２６１例喉气管狭窄的治疗，８８．８％患者术前都依靠气管切开套管呼吸。主要手术方法：声门重建术、栅栏状喉气管重建术，喉气管切开加自体或人工合成移植重建术等。结果：２６１例，９例未愈，５例失访，２４７例（９４．６％）已拔管治愈。１９２例随访１￣１８年，４例３年后再狭窄，其中３例再手术治愈。１０例未愈，１８２例（９４．７％）疗效巩固。结论：喉气管狭窄的治疗应根据     

喉气管狭窄CT扫描三维成像评估及临床应用

目的 应用CT扫描三维成像技术(spiral CT three-dimensional image，SCT-3DI)评估喉气管狭窄的部位、范围和形态，结合纤维喉气管镜检查，为喉气管狭窄患者制定最佳的治疗方案。方法 对8例各种类型喉气管狭窄患者术前进行了SCT-3DI检查，其中外伤性5例，肉芽组织增生阻塞2例，自幼不明原因声门下狭窄1例。结果SCT-3DI检查可准确地反映喉气管狭窄的范围和形态，其检查结果与纤维喉气管镜检查和术中所见基本吻合。根据SCT-3DI检查结果，5例行颈前进路喉气管重建术，2例支撑喉镜下CO2激光瘢痕或肉芽组织切除术，1例行保守治疗。8例患者术后6个月均拔除了气管套管，获得了比较满意的呼吸和发音功能。结论 喉气管SCT-3DI检查能较准确地判断各种喉气管狭窄患者狭窄的部位和性质，为喉气管狭窄患者治疗方案的制定提供正确的客观依据。     

喉气管狭窄重建术20年经验

为了提高喉气管狭窄的重建技术。总结２０年来２６１例喉气管狭窄的治疗。８８．８％患者术前都依靠气管切开套管呼吸。主要手术方法：声门重建术；栅栏状喉气管重建术；喉气管切开加自体或人工合成移植物重建术等。结果：２６１例中，９例未愈，５例失访；２４７例（９４．６％）已拔管治愈。１９２例随访１～１８年，４例３年后再狭窄，其中３例再手术治愈。１０例未愈，１８２例（９４．７％）疗效巩固。结论：喉气管狭窄的治疗应根据病情选择手术方法和移植物；栅栏状喉气管重建术具有方法简单，抗感染力强优点；严重喉气管狭窄、闭锁或合并气管大面积缺损以双蒂肌皮瓣、复合肋软骨和人工气管环重建术效果较好；支撑器的应用在喉气管重建中有重要作用。     

儿童喉气管狭窄的治疗

分析19年来42例儿童后天性喉气管狭窄，年龄自15个月到14岁，平均8岁。主要病因有气管切开术后；喉气管外伤；复发性喉乳头状瘤术后；气管内插管等。全部病例狭窄严重，依靠气管切开呼吸。采用不同的喉气管重建术。结果40例病人经1～18年随访，36例（90．0％）拔除气管套管，治愈。结论：①提高气管切开术技术，可以减少儿童喉气管狭窄发病率；②3岁以上儿童可以进行喉气管重建术；③手术方式的选择必须根据喉气管狭窄病变而定。     

Update of the Cincinnati experience in pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction

Surgical endeavors in the field of laryngotracheal reconstruction in children have received much interest in the past 15 years. A unique experience with laryngotracheal reconstruction in 203 children is reviewed. The majority (194) of the cases were classified as acquired; only nine were classified as congenital. Excluded from the study were those cases of stenoses managed endoscopically, all resections and end-to-end anastomoses, all anterior cricoid split procedures, and all cases of anterior glottic stenosis repaired by a laryngeal keel. The degree of stenosis was graded into four categories. Five different methods of laryngotracheal reconstruction were used depending on the pathologic lesion in the larynx and trachea. Of the 203 children, 186 (92%) were decannulated. The results support the use of laryngotracheal reconstruction in children with grades 2, 3, and 4 laryngeal stenosis.     

Traumatic laryngotracheal stenosis--an alternative surgical technique

Reconstruction of combined laryngotracheal stenosis requires complex techniques including resection and incorporation of grafts and stents that can be performed as single or multistaged procedure. A complicated case of traumatic laryngotracheal stenosis was managed by us, surgical technique is discussed. A 16-year-old male presented with Stage-3 laryngotracheal stenosis of grade-3 to 4 (>70% of the complete obstruction of tracheal lumen) of 5 cm segment of the larynx and trachea. Restoration of the critical functions of respiration and phonation was achieved in this patient by resection anastomosis of the trachea and with subglottic remodeling. Resection of 5 cm long segment of trachea and primary anastomosis in this case would have created tension at the site of anastomosis. So we did tracheal resection of 3 cm segment of trachea along with subglottic remodeling instead of removing the 5 cm segment of stenosed laryngotracheal region and doing thyrotracheal anastomosis. In complicated long segment, laryngotracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and subglottic remodeling with primary anastomosis can be an alternative approach. Fibrin glue can be used to support free bone/cartilage grafts in laryngotracheal reconstructions.     

Adjunctive measures for successful laryngotracheal reconstruction

The field of reconstructive surgery of the laryngotracheal complex has been the object of considerable enthusiasm in recent years. New surgical techniques, better surgical tools, and improved diagnostic skills all have contributed to a more confident approach to severe laryngotracheal stenosis. Just as the surgeon's judgment is crucial for a successful primary laryngotracheal reconstruction, so are his or her skill and judgment vitally important in managing the various problems that frequently are found following reconstructive surgery of the larynx and trachea. These problems, although seemingly minor, may prevent successful decannulation if not managed appropriately. This paper discusses the various problems that have been encountered while achieving decannulation following laryngotracheal reconstruction. An approach to such frustrating problems as suprastomal collapse, granulation tissue, and the inability to decannulate are presented.     

Experience with laryngotracheal reconstruction in subglottic stenosis in a 30 years time period

BACKGROUND: Severe subglottic stenosis is a difficult condition to manage. It can be treated by laryngotracheal reconstruction or cricotracheal resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study the experiences for treatment of isolated subglottic stenosis in 37 patients (age: 3-78 years; stenosis grading: 20 x grade II, 13 x grade III, and 4 x grade IV) by laryngotracheal reconstruction in a 30-years experience are presented. RESULTS: In 33 out of 37 patients (89.2 %) a sufficient subglottic patency (postoperative endoscopic finding: stenosis less than 30 %) was achieved by laryngotracheal reconstruction. However, 5 patients of this series had required revision of laryngotracheal recontruction and in 22 patients endoscopic removal of granulation tissue had been performed. Sufficient widening of the subglottic space had been possible in all grade II stenosis (20/20), in 11 out of 13 patients with grade III stenosis, and in 3 out of 4 patients with grade IV stenosis. In one child an accidental decannulation occurred and due to asphyxia an apallic syndrome developed. CONCLUSIONS: Even through laryngotracheal reconstruction is a demanding surgical technique requiring great experience it is an effective option for treatment of subglottic stenosis less than 90 %. For severe subglottic stenosis (> 90 %) treatment by laryngotracheal reconstruction is possible and should be considered if mobilisation of the trachea by scar tissue is suited to be worse or to extended cricotracheal stenosis is present, both being not good candidates for cricotracheal resection.     

严重颈部闭合性损伤致喉气管断裂的救治体会(附8例报告)

从1976年12月到1996年9月,我们救治了8例严重闭合性损伤致喉气管断裂的患者,男6例,女2例,年龄13～36岁,平均24岁。结果2例死亡,1例死于出血窒息,另1例尚未来得及手术而死亡;1例因救治不当发生喉气管狭窄而需进一步整复,其余5例恢复了喉的功能。强调在修复术中应最大限度地保留破碎的软骨膜、软骨和粘膜。本文重点讨论严重颈部闭合性损伤致喉气管断裂的发病机理、临床特点及急救原则。