联合应用MR DCE、DWI与1H-MRS对乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨MR动态增强扫描(DCE)、DWI、氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)三者联合检查在乳腺肿瘤的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析54例乳腺肿瘤患者(恶性29例,良性25例)的DCE、DWI和1 H-MRS表现,并与手术后病理结果对比,得出以DCE为主,分别联合DWIADC(方法A)、1H-MRS(方法B)及三者结合(方法C)三种方法对乳腺癌诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率,并分别评价三种方法与病理诊断的一致性.结果 所有患者均得到术后病理证实,方法A诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为84.0％、特异度为72.4％、准确率为77.8％;方法B诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为75.9％、特异度为84.0％、准确率为79.6％;方法C诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为89.6％、特异度为88.0％、准确率为88.9％;方法A、B法、C法与病理诊断的Kappa值分别0.551、0.594、0.777.结论 DCE、DWI和1H-MRS三者联合诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度、准确率均明显高于DCE联合DWI或1H-MRS,且与病理诊断的一致性好.     

基于心电图ST-T段的心肌缺血检测方法研究进展

心电图是一种经济、方便、无创的心肌缺血检测工具.心肌缺血主要的临床表现为心电图ST-T段发生变化(即ST段和T波).本文对基于心电图ST-T段的心肌缺血检测方法进行了综述,其中ST段检测主要包括形态、大小(幅值和间期)两方面,而T波检测包括形态、T波峰末间期、T波电交替等方面,最后对心肌缺血检测的关键技术进行了总结和展...     

不同甲状腺影像报告和数据系统在甲状腺结节分类诊断中的应用比较

目的:比较Park等、Kwak等制定的两种甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS)在甲状腺结节分类诊断中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析288例患者共322个甲状腺结节的术前超声检查资料,分别采用两种TI-RADS分类标准对结节进行分类,以组织病理为金标准,构建受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),分析并比较两种TI-RADS的诊断效能.结果:Park等的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)、曲线下面积(AUC)分别为91.9％、88.6％、89.8％、81％、95.4％、0.903;Kwak等制定的数值为TI-RADS99.1％、63.5％、75.8％、58.8％、99.3％、0.813.前者的特异度、准确率、PPV、AUC明显高于后者(P＜0.001),而后者的敏感度则高于前者(P＜0.05).结论:两种TI-RADS分类标准对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断均具有较好的指导作用,而Kwak等制定的TI-RADS分类标准较Park等制定的更加简易,且敏感度高,更适用于临床.     

依据AJCC2010胃癌新分期标准探讨术前CT检查对于胃癌T分期诊断的临床价值

目的 采用AJCC2010(第七版)胃癌TNM分期标准,评价术前多排螺旋CT检查对于胃癌T分期的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年至2011年在本院行胃癌术前CT检查的251例患者资料.按照AJCC2010(第七版)TNM分期标准行影像T分期诊断,并与术后病理结果比较.结果 以术后病理诊断为金标准,CT诊断T分期的总体准确率为83.7％;各组准确率分别为T1期91.2％,T2～T3期82.0％,T4a期84.0％,T4b期75.0％;侵犯固有肌层的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为88.6％、98.6％、91.2％、98.2％;侵犯浆膜层的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.1％、84.4％、88.3％、86.8％;侵犯胃外邻近结构的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别98.8％、90.0％、99.6％、75.0％.结论 应用AJCC2010(第七版)TNM分期标准,胃癌CT诊断T分期有较高的准确性,对胃癌术前辅助治疗的选择及手术方式、预后有重要意义.     

水脂分离增强序列在3.0T磁共振直肠癌术前分期中的应用

目的:将水脂分离增强扫描序列应用于直肠癌磁共振术前分期检查,探讨其在直肠癌术前分期中的应用价值。方法:选择经肠镜活检证实为直肠癌患者46例,随机盲法均分为两组,一组序列采用常规序列及T1脂肪抑制增强扫描序列;另一组序列采用常规序列及水脂分离增强扫描序列,结果与病理分期对照,比较两组序列图像信噪比及T、N分期。结果:组一T分期总敏感度为74%,特异度为78%。N分期总敏感度为74%,特异度为74%;N0分期敏感度78.6%,特异度66.7%,准确率为78%;N1分期敏感度57%,特异度81%,准确率为71%;N2分期敏感度100%,特异度100%,准确率为100%。组二T分期总敏感度为83%、特异度为83%;N分期总敏感度91%,特异度为91%;N0分期敏感度94%,特异度83%,准确率为94%;N1分期敏感度75%,特异度95%,准确率为75%;N2分期敏感度100%,特异度94.5%,准确率为100%。结论:水脂分离序列可提高图像信噪比,脂相有助于提高N分期,此序列在直肠癌术前分期中具有一定的临床应用价值。     

18F-FDG PET-CT诊断孤立性肺结节良恶性的研究进展

孤立性肺结节(SPN)的良恶性诊断非常困难,在诊断不明确而手术切除的结节中,约30％为良性.常规影像学技术虽然可以对大部分SPN做出定性诊断,但对一部分SPN仍然诊断困难,且各具有一定的局限性.PET-CT作为一种新的显像技术,能够综合提供SPN的代谢及形态信息,在SPN的良恶性诊断与鉴别诊断中显示出更高的灵敏度及准确率.近期多种新的显像方法的应用更进一步提高了SPN的诊断准确率.     

基于小波变换和K-means聚类算法的心电信号特征提取

目的研究一种基于小波变换和K-means聚类算法的心电信号特征提取方法,根据特征点信息判断心电是否正常。方法利用小波变换和形态学滤波方法去除工频干扰、肌电干扰和基线漂移等主要的噪声之后,利用K-Means聚类算法提取出心电信号的QRS波群,P波和T波这3个主要的特征点,实现心电智能诊断。结果实验数据取自MIT-BIH数据库,多次实验结果显示QRS波群的阳性检测度(P+)达到99.68%和灵敏度(Se)达到99.21%,P波和T波的检测准确度分别达91.43%和97.01%。结论相对于其它方法,本文心电特征提取方法准确度较高,具有一定参考价值;在移动医疗和临床医疗方面具有一定实用价值。     

超声直方图定量评价大鼠肝脏脂肪变性的实验研究

 目的 探讨具有病理基础的脂肪肝无创性超声定量诊断标准.方法 通过高脂饮食建立大鼠脂肪肝模型,进行超声直方图(Hist-B)测定.选用雄性wister 大鼠40只,分成对照组(普通饲料喂养)与实验组(高脂饲料喂养),建立不同程度的脂肪肝模型,分别于4周、6周、8周、10周、12周同步进行肝脏超声及病理检测.应用日本TOSHIBA 350A彩色超声诊断仪Hist-B功能进行灰阶值测定,病理检测采用HE染色.以病理诊断为标准得出脂肪肝的超声量化指标.结果 以病理诊断为标准M值分别为正常肝脏(7.99±0.65)、轻度脂肪肝(15.20±0.74)、中度脂肪肝(24.38±2.17)、重度脂肪肝(35.44±2.58);超声直方图测定法优于肉眼观察测定法:前者敏感度88%,特异度93%,准确率90%;后者敏感度76%,特异度87%,准确率80%.结论 高脂饮食可以快速建立大鼠脂肪肝模型,超声直方图能定量评价脂肪肝,且能判断肝脏脂肪浸润的程度,为脂肪肝无创性量化诊断提供了可靠依据.     

MRI平扫结合扩散加权成像在直肠癌中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨MRI平扫结合扩散加权成像(DWI)在直肠癌中的临床应用价值.方法:对28例直肠癌患者行MRI平扫及DWI检查,评价肿瘤形态、T分期、淋巴结转移、环周切缘(CRM)状态、肿瘤下缘距肛缘的距离,并与术后病理结果进行对照.MRI与病理对T分期、N分期及环周切缘受累评估的一致性采用Kappa检验.结果:MRI平扫及DWI能准确显示肿瘤的部位及形态.MRI平扫结合DWI对28例直肠癌T分期总的诊断符合率为78.57％(22/28),T1～T2期、T3期、T4期的诊断符合率分别为85.71％、78.57％、92.86％,MRI与病理对T分期的诊断具有较高的一致性(Kappa值=0.656).MRI平扫结合DWI对判断N分期的符合率为71.43％ (20/28),判断淋巴结转移的敏感度为66.67％(6/9),特异度为73.68％(14/19),MRI与病理对N分期的诊断具有中度一致性(Kappa值=0.489).MRI判定CRM状态的总体符合率为85.71％ (24/28),敏感度为90.90％(10/11),特异度为82.35％(14/17),阳性预测值为76.92％(10/13),阴性预测值为93.33％(14/15),MRI与病理对环周切缘受累的评估具有较高的一致性(Kappa值=0.710).MRI矢状面图像能测量18例下段直肠癌肿瘤下缘距肛缘的曲线距离.结论:MRI平扫结合DWI对直肠癌、T分期、环周切缘状态的判断及肿瘤下缘距肛缘的距离的测量有重要临床价值.     

MRI、钼靶和超声对乳腺非肿块样强化病变诊断的对比研究

目的 探讨MRI、钼靶和超声检测乳腺非肿块样强化(NMLE)病灶的效能.资料与方法 以病理诊断为“金标准”,分析80例NMLE病灶的MRI、钼靶和超声的诊断效能,分析三者的主要影像特征.结果 病理结果51例恶性,29例良性.钼靶、超声和MRI鉴别乳腺良、恶性病变的敏感度分别为41.2％、37.3％和88.2％,特异度分别为96.6％、93.1％和62.1％.钼靶判断乳腺癌的主要依据为钙化,超声判断依据为低回声区中的异常血流和钙化.结论 超声和钼靶检测NMLE病变的敏感度低,容易漏诊;MRI的敏感度高.超声的血流和钼靶的钙化信息对鉴别诊断有帮助.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.