航天员虚拟训练手部操作力模型建立

目的研究一种航天员虚拟训练仿真中手部操作力生成方法。方法假设影响航天员手部操作力的两个因素是合力、合力与扶栏之间夹角,通过设计模拟失重环境下力测量实验进行验证。结果数据分析检验了假设的正确性,并且建立了基于合力、合力与扶栏之间夹角的手部操作力计算模型。结论将本模型应用于航天员虚拟操作训练仿真系统,增强了系统的沉浸感和交互性。     

动物游泳实验计算机检测方法的研究

目的 结合计算机科学、图像处理和中医药学等多学科知识,深入研究小鼠游泳实验的计算机检测方法进行.方法 利用计算机提取小鼠游泳的运动目标,对获得的信息资源进行综合分析处理.结果 建立了动物游泳实验计算机检测系统和反映小鼠游泳耐力的新的指标评价体系.结论 系统自动化程度高、检测样本多、检测指标丰富,所获实验结果科学准确、全面客观,为相关中药药理实验研究提供了一套新的动物游泳实验检测手段和方法.     

对于深入开展心理健康和神经认知研究的若干建议

军人心理健康已成为我军重点关注的问题,与之相应的神经认知能力的提升对于最大程度地发挥战斗力至关重要。结合全军军事认知与心理卫生研究中心的成立,对其任务方向进行分析并提出建议,包括建立心理科学研究与认知神经科学紧密结合的研究体系,发展定量心理学等相关学科,发展定量行为学以及分子行为学,并适时将其与心理科学研究对接,发展并完善利用模式动物研究神经行为和心理活动的研究,结合神经精神相关研究促进心理和认知行为研究的发展,加强心理正常和心理异常的外在表现及其物质基础研究,以及个体心理与群体心理的相关性研究,研究并发展系列新型有效的心理干预技术等,旨在为提高我军军人心理健康水平和军事作业能力提供参考。     

认知与姿势控制的神经心理学研究进展

本文从经典的认知与姿势控制双任务研究范式出发,对认知与姿势控制的相互影响及其神经心理机制研究进行了系统的文献回顾.研究表明,认知与姿势控制任务同时进行会产生明显的相互作用,双任务绩效受姿势控制任务性质、认知任务需求、任务环境、注意水平、心理负荷、年龄和专业技能水平等因素影响.注意资源竞争模型,U型模型和任务优先模型是目前该领域研究提出的主要理论解释模型.航天员受长期微重力环境的影响,姿势控制需要耗费更多的注意和认知资源,返回地球后姿势控制将在一定时间内处于功能低下和逐渐恢复状态.研究航天员认知与姿势控制的内在关系,建立有效的微重力效应对抗措施,对于改善航天员工作能力和身心健康具有重要意义.     

飞行员抗荷动作训练器的研制

目的研制可供飞行员在地面不同的抗荷供氧加压制度下进行抗荷动作训练的仪器。方法抗荷供氧单元产生的气体压力信号经压力传感器转变为电信号,经调制、放大等处理后由数据采集系统转化为数字信号进入计算机,再由上位机软件做进一步的计算处理,最终将训练结果以图表等简明方式呈现给用户。结果本训练器可按照规定的压力制度产生多种信号控制其面罩压力及服装压力等,供飞行员进行不同加压环境下的抗荷动作训练,训练过程中可同时监测受试者的心电信号和蹬力信号并对结果进行记录存储。结论本训练器设计合理,功能全面,解决了在地面模拟加压环境实施抗荷动作训练的技术难题。     

国产BHP6601型SPECT临床验证方案

目的:建立和评价国产SPECT的临床验证标准.材料和方法:参照国家关于新药临床验证的指导原则和核医学操作规范,设计以西门子ECAM型SPECT为对照机型,通过临床150例受检者,动物实验44只,多种采集、处理方式对比研究的方式,进行国产BHP6601型SPECT临床验证.结果:二种设备各种采集方式、条件、数据分析、图像处理方面基本相同,检出病灶数相近(151和153),动态、断层、门控显像检测效率和所测参数基本一致.动物显像效果相同.结论:基于临床病例全方位性能比较方式的影像设备临床验证方案客观可靠,有可操作性.     

加速度致意识丧失前驱反应特征及预警方法研究

目的 观察加速度致意识丧失(G-LOC)的前驱反应特征,寻找监测和预警G-LOC的指标和方法.方法 在人体离心机上对37名男性健康志愿者进行了+Gz耐力检查,实时监测了多种生理指标和行为参数的变化.结果 通过对比分析未发生G-LOC前驱反应组(n=21)和发生G-LOC前驱反应组(n=16)受试者在+Gz作用中各项生理指标和行为参数的差异,找到了额部血管搏动幅度、眼水平动脉收缩压、心水平动脉收缩压、心电图QT和RR间期的比值、最大心率、头部位置、边灯信号对答情况、眨眼间隔时间、对语音提示信号的反应等指标和参数可用来判断受试者是否出现G-LOC前驱反应,因而可作为G-LOC预警指标.初步建立了多指标综合判断G-LOC前驱反应是否出现的方法,该方法总的预测符合率达91.9%.结论 本研究观察到的G-LOC前驱反应特征和建立的G-LOC预警方法有望在G-LOC预警和恢复系统研制中应用.     

基于认知能力的乘员信息作业行为差异致因分析

目的研究认知能力对特种车辆乘员信息作业行为的影响,解释乘员信息作业行为差异致因。方法分析乘员信息作业行为差异类型及表现形式,按照各个认知能力中位数将乘员划分为较高组和较低组,对不同认知能力乘员的信息作业行为进行对比分析。结果反应能力主要造成行为速度差异,记忆和注意能力能够对行为速度和准度均产生影响,信息作业行为差异主要体现在"信息选择行为"和"信息输入行为"上。结论操作速度要求较高的任务应同时结合反应、记忆和注意能力测试进行乘员的选拔和培训,操作准度要求较高的任务应重点考察记忆和注意能力。可针对信息选择和输入行为所涉及的人机界面和任务分工进行优化,从而降低乘员任务负荷。     

空间信息技术在传染病流行病学调查中的应用研究

目的:建立一种基于移动设备的传染病流行病学数据采集、管理与分析应用平台,实现空间信息技术在传染病现场流行病学调查中的应用.方法:以北京市为例,系统收集包括北京市18个区县在内的传染病发病情况以及相关的影响因素资料,经过整理分析后建立数据库.以eMbedded Visual C 作为系统开发软件,以移动式设备作为系统应用平台,构建北京市传染病发病情况以及相关数据的地理信息系统,将建立的数据库与北京市数字地图相关联,用户通过对地图的操作,实现对传染病流行病学资料的空间查询、分析和管理.结果:建立的北京市传染病流行病学地理信息系统具有空间数据管理、信息咨询、全球卫星定位查询等七大功能,包含了北京市18个区县的地理环境、气象、人口、交通状况信息以及与传染病相关的发病情况、媒介宿主和医学动物的分布、医疗卫生机构的分布等方面的信息,用户通过点选、圆选、多边形选等方式可在数字地图上实现对数据的空间查询.结论:本系统的建立为我国开展现场流行病学调查提供了一种新的思路.     

面向航天虚拟操作分析的航天员人体建模与姿态仿真技术

目的建立支持虚拟操作分析的航天员三维人体模型。方法研究了层次化、关节化和参数化人体建模方法;通过CATIA软件建立人体骨骼层、皮肤层和服饰层静态模型,并将其导入到JACK环境当中进行关联处理,赋予人体关节运动特性。结果生成了可根据百分位和各体段参数进行调整的航天员模型,并实现了姿态仿真。结论建立的航天员人体模型具有几何外观特性和基本动力学特性,结合JACK软件环境,可以实现航天操作的可视性、可达性、疲劳度等分析。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）