早产儿出院后配方奶对早产/低出生体重儿生长发育影响的研究

目的探讨早产儿出院后配方奶对早产/低出生体重儿生长发育的影响。方法将59例早产/低出生体重儿根据出院后喂养方式分为母乳+早产儿配方奶混合喂养组(Ⅰ组)和早产儿出院后配方奶喂养组(Ⅱ组),监测入组后6个月内体重、身长、头围、Kaup指数及部分理化指标,并作组间比较,藉此评价早产儿出院后配方奶对出院后的早产/低出生体重儿生长发育影响的临床意义。结果入组时两组在性别比例、孕周和出生体重上差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。体重、Kaup指数,在喂养后2月内差异无统计学意义(P0.05),从3个月始Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组增长快(P0.05);身长从第4个月,头围从第5个月起,Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组增长快(P0.05);血色素从第5个月以后,Ⅱ组高于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。观测过程中两组的Ca、P、AKP差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早产儿出院后配方奶是早产儿出院后喂养品的良好选择,有益于低体重早产儿实现追赶性生长。     

Impaired fat utilization in parenterally fed low-birth-weight infants suffering from sepsis

Lipid infusion in low-birth-weight infants suffering from sepsis is still controversial. Consequently, we investigated the fat tolerance in six low-birth-weight infants with sepsis and 15 low-birth-weight infants without sepsis. For measurement of fat clearance, we assayed the serum concentrations of triglycerides enzymatically, and of the free fatty acids by colorimetric micromethod. The fatty acid oxidation was analyzed with the [13C]triolein breath test by means of ratio-mass spectrometry. The infants were maintained on continuous parenteral nutrition with various amounts of soybean oil emulsion (1 g, 2 g, and 3 g fat/kg body weight per day). Comparing the lipid infusion of 1 and 2 g fat/kg body weight per day between the two groups, we found triglyceride and free fatty acid values in both groups to be in the normal range. At a dose of 3 g of fat/kg body weight per day, septic low-birth-weight infants showed a significantly higher concentration of triglycerides (2.02 +/- 0.46 mmol/liter) and of free fatty acids (2.06 +/- 0.45 mmol/liter) than the nonseptic low-birth-weight infants (triglycerides: 1.09 +/- 0.43 mmol/liter; free fatty acids: 1.05 +/- 0.41 mmol/liter). The low-birth-weight infants with sepsis showed a reduced fat oxidation rate of 16.0 +/- 1.5% in contrast to that of the low-birth-weight infants without sepsis, whose rate was 38.4 +/- 1.8%. Accordingly, we apply dosages not exceeding 2 g of fat/kg body weight per day to septic low-birth-weight infants.     

沈阳肥胖新生儿的回顾性调查

<正> 肥胖儿童有逐年增多的趋势,导致儿童的肥胖,除了先天遗传因素外,胚胎期及生后的环境和营养因素具有重要作用。新生儿肥胖的状况及其发生率直接反映遗传因素、胚胎期、环境和营养作用的情况。但有关这方面的资料尚未见有报道,我们对此作了回顾性调查,以引起对这方面情况的重视,亦为探讨成年期疾病的早期预防对策提供一些基础资料。     

Chitosan supplementation and fat absorption in men and women

OBJECTIVE: Chitosan is a primary ingredient in dietary weight-loss supplements. Its claimed activity is the binding and trapping of dietary fat, leading to fat excretion and weight loss without caloric restriction. We tested the fat-trapping capacity of a chitosan product in men and women. DESIGN: Participants (12 men, 12 women) were instructed to follow customized diet plans (five meals/day for 12 days). Oral charcoal markers defined two 4-day experimental periods. Two capsules were taken five times per day before each meal during the supplement period (2.5 g chitosan/day) and not during the control period. Feces were collected from day 2 to day 12. Feces from each period were pooled and analyzed for fat content. RESULTS: For men (mean+/-standard deviation=24.8+/-5.1 years, body mass index [BMI; calculated as kg/m 2 ] 26.6+/-4.5) the average daily was 137+/-31 g fat and 3,256+/-624 kcal. For women (23.3+/-5.0 years, BMI 24.1+/-3.5) average daily 89+/-16 g fat and 2,110+/-195 kcal. Each two-capsule dose was consumed with 28+/-11 g fat in males and 18+/-7 g in females (range =10-76 g/dose). Fecal fat excretion increased with chitosan by 1.8+/-2.4 g/day in males, P =.02, and did not increase with chitosan (0.0+/-1.4 g/day, P =.99) in females. CONCLUSIONS: The fat trapped was clinically insignificant. For men, it would take more than 7 months to lose 1 pound of body fat. For women, no fat was trapped. This product, as with other similar products, fails to meet claims.     

Effects of enteral fat emulsion on fat absorption in obstructive jaundiced rats

The effects of fat emulsion given enterally on fat absorption were studied with obstructive jaundiced rats (J group) as compared with jaundice-free rats (C group). The J and C groups were subdivided into JE and CE groups using emulsified fat for the fat absorption test, and JU and CU groups using unemulsified fat. Rats in all groups were fed for 7 days with regular rat chow. After fasting for 12 hours, 14C-labeled fat emulsion was infused to the JE and CE, and 14C-labeled unemulsified fat to the JU and CU groups through a gastrostomy for the absorption test. The hourly and cumulative output of 14CO2 by respiration, absorption rate of 14C-labeled fat in the intestine, and metabolic oxidation rate of the absorbed fat were determined during an 8-hour period after the gastroenteral administration of emulsified or unemulsified fat. The peak of hourly output was seen after the first 2 hours in the CE, JE, and CU groups, following which a remarkable decline was seen in the CE and CU groups. However, a more gentle descent in the JE, and fluctuation at a low level in the JU group were observed. The cumulative output in the JE was 61% of that in the CE, while the output in the JU was 16% of that in the CU group. The absorption rate in the JE was 81% of that in the CE group, while the rate in the JU was 22% of that in the Cu group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effect of individual components of soy formula and cows' milk formula on zinc bioavailability

Zinc absorption from human milk, cows' milk formulas, and soy formulas was studied in human adults by a radioisotope technique using 65Zn and whole body counting. Individual dietary components were investigated for effects on zinc absorption. Phytate was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on zinc absorption; addition of phytate to cows' milk formula (yielding a phytate concentration similar to that of soy formula) resulted in a decrease in zinc absorption from 31 to 16% similar to the absorption for soy formula (14%). Carbohydrate source, calcium, and zinc levels of the diet did not affect zinc absorption significantly. Iron supplementation of cows' milk formula decreased zinc absorption from 24 to 18% although this decrease was not found to be significant (p less than 0.1). Absorption of zinc from a whey-adjusted cows' milk formula was higher (31%) than from a nonmodified cows' milk formula (22%). Increasing the zinc supplementation level in cows' milk formula but not in soy formula increased zinc absorption to approximate that from breast milk. It is suggested that reduction of phytate content of soy formula may be a more effective avenue of modification than increased level of zinc supplementation.