体外培养海马神经元生长过程中Nogo-A分布的变化

目的 探讨Nogo-A在神经元中的表达与神经元发育分化的关系，以推测Nogo-A在中枢神经系统发育分化过程中的意义。方法 采用怀孕18d大鼠胚胎海马神经元体外高密度和低密度培养方法，应用免疫荧光细胞化学染色和Western blot，观察Nogo-A在体外培养的大鼠海马神经元的分布模式及其在不同生长阶段的变化。结果 Nogo-A在海马神经元生长过程中均表达，主要分布在胞浆、胞膜和突起上。神经元突起形成过程中，Nogo-A主要表达于突起的近端，在轴突上随着轴突的伸长逐渐表达于轴突远端和生长锥。Nogo-A在成熟神经元网状的突起上呈串珠样分布。结论 Nogo-A在中枢神经系统中具有不同于抑制作用的其他功能，可能参与神经元突起生长、轴突投射等过程。     

DIFFERENCES IN TRACKING SKILL AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVATION DYNAMICS IN CHILDREN HIGH OR LOW IN PERSISTENCE IN SCHOOLWORK

Seven children (9–10 years) rated by their schoolteachers as high in persistence (HP) and seven rated as low in persistence (LP) were compared in a simulated car-driving situation with a risk-taking game component. Increased reward was paid for every consecutive two minutes that they managed to drive without making more than five “off the road” errors within each of four ten-minute periods. More than five errors meant loss of accumulated reward, and the situation thus was meant to evoke a kind of temporal approach-avoidance conflict. Heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory rate were recorded throughout the session. The LP children made significantly more “off the road” errors than the HP children during the four driving periods. They also had significantly lower skin conductance levels and lower respiratory rates during the work periods, as well as a suggested difference in the pattern of change in skin conductance.     

多肽类物质在体外培养星形胶质细胞中的表达

Recently, scientists interested in the diseases of human brain have paid much attention to the neuropeptides ［Nie XJ, et al. Rev Neurosci 1996, 7(3): 177］. Under normal conditions, these neuropeptides are found in some types of neurons and in endothelial cells of microvessels but not in glial cells.     

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION OF LYSOZYME IN MACROPHAGES IN LEPROSY

Lysozyme activities of skin granulomas of 24 patients in leprosy were studied. Lepra cells of all 15 lepromatous leprosy showed strong lysozyme activity in cytoplasma. In the specimens stained with lysozyme and Ziehl-Neelsen's carbolfuchsin double stain conspicuous lysozyme activity around M. leprae were observed. One borderline case was negative. Lysozyme of epithelioid cells and giant cells of 10 tuberculoid types were completely negative. These results suggest that lysozyme plays only a small role in the disposal of M. leprae in macrophages and other mechanisms than bacteriolytic function of lysozyme are responsible for the defence against these bacilli.     

EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCOMA IN NUDE MICE AND IN VITRO

A transplantable tumor strain desiǵnated YNnu and a cultured cell line desiǵnated YN were established from the human paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma of a 15-year-old boy. In vitro the cells showed ultrastructural features of immature mesenchymal cells, and a few cells were labeled by antibodies to myoǵlobin and/or desmin. In nude mice, the cells became to contain numerous myofibrils with Z-bands, and considerable number of cells reacted with anti-myoglobin and/or anti-desmin antibodies. We conclude that spindle-shaped or small round cells are the most immature rhabdomyoblast with multiplicity for cellular differentiation. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1495-1505, 1986.     

COLLAGEN-PRODUCING MESOTHELIAL CELLS IN ADRIAMYCIN-INDUCED PLEURITIS IN RAT

By the microautoradiographic method using ³H-proline, collagen production by mesothelial cells was investigated in adriamycin-induced pleuritis in rats. In subpleural granulation tissue formed at 4 to 7 days after the intrapleural injection of adriamycin, proliferating fibroblasts and primitive mesenchymal cells were most intensely labeled, and abundant deposition of collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides were demonstrated about these cells. It is thus concluded that these subpleural mesenchymal cells are mainly responsible for the fibrosing process. Labeling was also observed in some reactive mesothelial cells and macrophages free-floating in the pleural exudate. Several ultrastructural differences between labeled mesothelial cells floating in the fluid and lining the pleural surface were confirmed, suggesting a change in ability to synthesize collagen during mesothelial desquamation. It seems likely that these labeled mononuclear cells in the effusion, attached to the pleural wound surface, support fibrosis performed by underlying collagen-synthesizing mesenchymal cells. Pleural fibrosis disappeared by 10 days, when mesothelial regeneration was almost complete. Probably this change may be due to fibrinolytic activity caused by regenerative mesothelial cells derived from subpleural mesenchymal cells.     

小鼠肾脏发育中的细胞凋亡

目的：研究小鼠肾脏发育过程中的细胞凋亡规律及形态学特点,方法：应用光镜、电镜技术和TUNEL法分别对不同胚龄、生后日龄小鼠肾脏细胞凋亡进行了观察。结果：皮质凋亡细胞多出现在生肾区S小体之间和是肾小体内,凋亡高峰期在胚龄14－18d之间,髓质凋亡细胞出现在肾小鼠管上皮内,凋亡高峰期在生后7d 左右。超微结构观察可见皮质和髓质凋亡细胞主要表现为核固缩,染色质凝集,细胞皱缩。皮质和髓质凋亡细胞结局为,被邻近细胞吞噬,或脱落到肾小管腔内,结论：小鼠肾脏发育过程中确有细胞凋亡;皮质中细胞凋亡与生肾区的出现和肾小体发育完善有关,髓质中细胞凋亡与髓质中肾小管和集合小0管的有发育完善有关。